Early life and Adulthood Depression: Birth seasonality on demographic characteristcs of depressive symptoms

Background Environmental and biological factors in early-life in-utero can have critical health implications in adulthood. However, despite the extensive literature on the association between depressive symptoms and female gender, higher age, lower education, and lower socio-economic status, no studies have thus far investigated these depression-related demographic factors in connection with early-life environment. Here, the present study aimed to explore the effects of birth seasonality on demographic characteristics of depressive symptoms in adults. Methods We employed data from the project of Chinese Labour-forces Dynamic Survey (CLDS) 2016, containing the epidemiological data of depressive symptoms with a probability proportional to size cluster and random cluster sampling method in 29 provinces of China with final sample of 16,181 participants was analysed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to test the relations between having depressive symptoms and various demographic characteristics in the overall population and different layers driven by the season of birth (Spring: March, April, and May; Summer: June, July, and August; Autumn: September, October, and November; Winter: December, January, and February). Results In line with previous studies, female gender, higher age, lower education, lower satisfaction of family income, and northern geographical region were the depressive symptoms-related factors. Season of birth did not significantly contribute to having depressive symptoms. Gender and satisfaction of family income were significant for the linear trend in people born in spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Age was significant for linear trend in people born in spring and winter. Education was only significant in spring. The categorical variable of geographical region had different associations with depressive symptoms across seasons of birth. Conclusions Our findings indicate that although season of birth is not significantly associated with depressive symptoms, it influences the effects of the demographic factors on depressive symptoms (particularly in age). The present study sheds lights on the discussion of environmental and biological effects related to season of birth on adult mental health.

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Depression during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Findings from an Online Survey

International Journal of Preventive Curative & Community Medicine ◽

10.24321/2454.325x.202008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 06 (02) ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

Tanu Anand ◽

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Online Survey ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Family Income ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Coronavirus Infection

Introduction: Unprecedented crisis of COVID-19 pandemic has generated uncertainties in minds of people thereby impacting their mental health. Global evidence supports rising trend of symptoms of depression among general population during the pandemic. Material and Method: It was a cross-sectional study conducted between April 15 and May 01, 2020. Data were collected using pre-structured questionnaire that was circulated through a web-based link via messages and mails. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Result: Out of the total 500 telephonic contacts who were sent the survey link, 478 had (95.6%) responded. There were 114 (23.8%), 64 (13.4%), 40 (8.4%) and 29 (6.1%) participants who were classified as having mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression respectively. Female gender, religion, education status, unemployment and professional occupation, income less than Rs. 20000 and more than Rs. 40000, ‘scare for coronavirus infection’ were found to be significantly associated with severity of depression (p<0.05). Adjusted analysis revealed that age was protective factor where as those who were scared from coronavirus infection were found to be two times more at risk of having symptoms of depression. Increasing family income was also associated with presence of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The proportion of participants with depressive symptoms was 51.7%. There is a need for assessing psychosocial impact of COVID-19 among populations and communities in varied settings over a long period of time.

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Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, multi-morbid conditions and depressive symptoms among Nepalese older adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16333/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Uday Yadav ◽

Tarka Bahadur Thapa ◽

Sabuj Kanti Mistry ◽

Roshan Pokhrel ◽

Mark Fort Harris

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Low Income ◽

Family Income ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Morbid Conditions

Abstract Background Depressive symptoms (DS) are a well-recognized public health problem across the world. There is limited evidence with regard to DS and its associates, such as socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and chronic conditions in low-income countries like Nepal. In this study, we aimed to assess the level of DS and its relationship with socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and chronic disease conditions among community dwelling older people in Nepal. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 794 older adults aged 60 or above residing in the rural setting of the Sunsari and Morang districts of eastern Nepal between January and April 2018. Multi-stage cluster sampling was adopted to select the study participants. Data included socio-demographics, lifestyle factors, self-reported chronic disease conditions and the Geriatric depression scale. Determinants of DS were estimated through the generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach by considering exchangeable correlation structure among clusters. Results In our study samples, nearly 55.8% of the older adults were found to be suffering from DS. We found a significant association between DS and being female (aOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.89-2.09), Buddhism (aOR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.58-2.42), Dalits (aOR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.19-5.65), unemployed, low family income (aOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.07-2.92), smokers (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.01-2.20) and having chronic multi-morbid conditions (aOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.09-2.55). Conclusions The prevalence of DS was high among community-dwelling older adults in eastern Nepal. Our findings suggest the need for mental health prevention and management programs targeting the older population in rural Nepal.

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Awareness of Chronic Kidney Disease and Depressive Symptoms: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005-2010

American Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1159/000446929 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shayan Shirazian ◽

Robert Diep ◽

Alan M. Jacobson ◽

Candace D. Grant ◽

Joseph Mattana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

National Health ◽

Family Income ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cardiovascular Comorbidity ◽

Urine Albumin ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Weighted Prevalence

Background: Depressive symptoms are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may stem from distress associated with CKD awareness. So far, no studies have examined this association. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between awareness of CKD and depressive symptoms. Methods: We included adults with stages 1-4 CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate 15-60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2005 to 2010. Depressive symptoms were categorized as minimal (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score 0-4), subthreshold (PHQ-9 score 5-14) and severe (PHQ-9 score ≥15). Participants were classified as aware of CKD if they answered yes to the question: ‘Have you ever been told you have weak or failing kidneys?' Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify variables independently associated with at least subthreshold depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥5). Results: In 2,500 participants with CKD, the weighted prevalence was 21.4% for subthreshold and 3.1% for severe depressive symptoms. The weighted prevalence of CKD awareness was 6.4%. Independent predictors of depressive symptoms included younger age, female gender, never been married, less than high-school education, annual family income <$20,000, obesity, smoking, cardiovascular comorbidity and mental health visit in the past year. CKD awareness was independently associated with a 1.66 greater odds of depressive symptoms (95% CI 1.01-2.74, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Awareness of CKD is significantly associated with depressive symptoms independent of known confounding factors. Future studies should examine mediators of this association, especially in light of national efforts to promote CKD awareness.

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Sociodemographic correlates of public stigma about mental illness: a population study on Hong Kong’s Chinese population

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03301-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lincoln Lik Hang Lo ◽

Yi Nam Suen ◽

Sherry Kit Wa Chan ◽

Min Yi Sum ◽

Cheung Charlton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Mental Health Literacy ◽

Female Gender ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Public Stigma ◽

Sociodemographic Correlates ◽

Lower Education

Abstract Background Individuals with psychiatric disorders are often unwilling to seek help or often follow treatment regimens, fearing public stigma. This study identified the sociodemographic correlates of public stigma while accounting for mental health literacy and life satisfaction. Methods This study analysed data for 1514 individuals who participated in a population-based random telephone survey conducted in 2018. Sociodemographic characteristics included gender, age, education level, and occupation. Data on public stigma, mental health literacy, and life satisfaction were also collected. Multiple linear regression was conducted to examine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics on public stigma. A moderation analysis was performed to investigate the role of age and education in the relationship between mental health literacy and public stigma. Results Sociodemographic characteristics, such as female gender, older age, lower education, and occupation (particularly retired and homemakers), were associated with a higher public stigma. The association between public stigma and mental health literacy was the most significant among individuals aged 50 years and above with lower education levels. Conclusions This study showed that certain population subgroups, based on their sociodemographic profile, have a higher stigma about mental illnesses. Understanding the differential effects of sociodemographic factors on public stigma is imperative to developing effective anti-stigma campaigns.

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Three-way interaction effects of early life stress, positive parenting and FKBP5 in the development of depressive symptoms in a general population

Journal of Neural Transmission ◽

10.1007/s00702-021-02405-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecka Keijser ◽

Susanne Olofsdotter ◽

Kent W. Nilsson ◽

Cecilia Åslund

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Stress ◽

Early Life ◽

Differential Susceptibility ◽

Early Life Stress ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Positive Parenting ◽

Depressive Symptomology ◽

Patterns Of Interaction

AbstractFKBP5 gene–environment interaction (cG × E) studies have shown diverse results, some indicating significant interaction effects between the gene and environmental stressors on depression, while others lack such results. Moreover, FKBP5 has a potential role in the diathesis stress and differential susceptibility theorem. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a cG × E interaction effect of FKBP5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotype and early life stress (ELS) on depressive symptoms among young adults was moderated by a positive parenting style (PASCQpos), through the frameworks of the diathesis stress and differential susceptibility theorem. Data were obtained from the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland Cohort Study, including 1006 participants and their guardians. Data were collected during 2012, when the participants were 13 and 15 years old (Wave I: DNA), 2015, when participants were 16 and 18 years old (Wave II: PASCQpos, depressive symptomology and ELS) and 2018, when participants were 19 and 21 years old (Wave III: depressive symptomology). Significant three-way interactions were found for the FKBP5 SNPs rs1360780, rs4713916, rs7748266 and rs9394309, moderated by ELS and PASCQpos, on depressive symptoms among young adults. Diathesis stress patterns of interaction were observed for the FKBP5 SNPs rs1360780, rs4713916 and rs9394309, and differential susceptibility patterns of interaction were observed for the FKBP5 SNP rs7748266. Findings emphasize the possible role of FKBP5 in the development of depressive symptoms among young adults and contribute to the understanding of possible differential susceptibility effects of FKBP5.

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Abstract 438: Association between Insomnia and Use of BP-lowering Drugs in hypertensive Patients: a Cross-sectional Cohort Study

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.64.suppl_1.438 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Rosa Maria Bruno ◽

Laura Palagini ◽

Veronica Mancuso ◽

Martina Cargiolli ◽

Angelo Gemignani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Female Gender ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Drug Classes

Purpose: Insomnia and short sleep duration have been associated with increased prevalence, incidence and severity of hypertension. However, the relationship between insomnia and use of different antihypertensive drug classes has not been ascertained yet. Methods: 371 hypertensive patients at their first visit in a tertiary Hypertension Outpatient Unit were enrolled. Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAY-Y2) were administered. Insomnia was defined as ISI>8, depressive symptoms as BDI>10, trait anxiety as STAI -Y2>40. Patients with self-reported sleep apneas or snoring (n=29) or with incomplete data (n=12) were excluded. Results: Data from 330 patients were analyzed (males 51%, mean age 57±13 years, antihypertensive treatment 84%, previous CV events 9%, diabetes 7%, obesity 24%, smoking 13%, hypercholesterolemia 67%). Insomniacs (n=70, 21%) were older than non-insomniacs (60±11 vs 56±13 years, p=0.02); female gender (62 vs 46%, p=0.01), anxiety (68 vs 34%, p<0.0001) and depressive symptoms (30 vs 6%, p<0.0001) were more prevalent in insomniacs. Insomniacs were treated with higher number of antihypertensive drugs (1.8±1.0 vs 1.5±1.0, p=0.04) and more frequently with angiotensin-receptor-blockers (ARBs, 49 vs 31%, p=0.009) and diuretics (50 vs 28%, p=0.0007), whereas the use of other drug classes was similar. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for cardiovascular and psychiatric variables, ARBs use (OR 2.4, CL95% 1.1-5.2), depressive symptoms (OR 3.2, CL95%1.2-8.7) and anxiety (OR 2.9, CL95%1.4-6.1) were associated with a higher probability of insomnia. Conclusions: This cross-sectional analysis suggests that ARBs use may be associated with insomnia in a cohort of hypertensive patients

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Physical activity and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elders from southern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462011005000006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 165-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

César L. Reichert ◽

César L. Diogo ◽

José L. Vieira ◽

Roberta R. Dalacorte

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Population Based ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Active Group ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional

OBJECTIVE: To determine the existence of a relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elders. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study, which included 379 community-dwelling elders from Novo Hamburgo, state of RS, Brazil. The level of physical activity was estimated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and depressive symptoms were diagnosed according to the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale. The association between the level of physical activity and depressive symptoms was analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: A tendency towards a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed in individuals with higher levels of physical activity, both in the sample as a whole as well as among men, but not among women (p for linear trend 0.04, 0.03 and 0.36, respectively). The odds ratio of the presence of depressive symptoms in the very active group, as compared against that of the insufficiently active group was 0.32 (95% CI: 0.12-0.86) for men and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.39-1.46) for women. CONCLUSION: In this population of aged individuals, more intense physical activity is related to a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. As shown by gender stratification, physical activity is inversely related to depressive symptoms in men, albeit not in women.

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Depressive symptoms and disability in acute patients with comorbidities in departments of internal medicine

Italian Journal of Medicine ◽

10.4081/itjm.2011.261 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 261-268

Author(s):

Salvatore La Carrubba ◽

Loredana Manna ◽

Carmelina Rinollo ◽

Antonino Mazzone ◽

Gualberto Gussoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Medicine ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Female Gender ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

Comorbidity Index ◽

Acute Patients

Introduction: There are few data on the prevalence of depression among acute patients with comorbidities. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in hospitalized patients admitted to Internal Medicine Units and the correlation between these symptoms and comorbidities and disability indexes. Materials and methods: All consecutive patients admitted to 26 Internal Medicine Units of the Italian National Public Health System in Sicily, Italy, from September 2001 to March 2002 were screened. Within 24 hours of admission, patients were administered the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini-Mental State Examination, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Charlson’s Comorbidity Index. Results: 1,947 subjects were included in the analyses. Of the patients, 509 (26.1%) showed depressive symptoms (indicated by GDS score > 15). Depression was significantly associated (univariate analyses) with hypertension (OR 1.45; CI 95% 1.18-1.79), diabetes (OR 1.48, CI 95% 1.17-1.87), cerebrovascular disease (OR 1.50, CI 95% 1.08-2.07), cirrhosis (OR 1.49, CI 95% 1.01- 2.19), ADL score (OR 0.72: CI 95% 0.63-0.82), and IADL score (OR 0.83; CI 95% 0.78-0.87), but not with Charlson’s Comorbidity Index (OR 1.04; CI 95% 0.98-1.10). Multivariate analysis showed that independent predictive factors for depression were age (OR 1.02, CI 95% 1.01-1.02), female gender (OR 2.29, CI 95% 1.83 - 2.87), and IADL score (OR 0.86, CI 95% 0.81 - 0.93). Conclusions: The data suggest that depressive symptoms are not linked to worse clinical conditions but are associated with the loss of autonomy in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.

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Family functioning of elderly with depressive symptoms

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/s0080-623420140000300012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 469-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rosely Almeida Souza ◽

Gislaine Desani da Costa ◽

Cintia Hitomi Yamashita ◽

Fernanda Amendola ◽

Jaqueline Correa Gaspar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Family Functioning ◽

Family Health ◽

Female Gender ◽

Well Being ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dysfunctional Family ◽

The Family

Objective: To classify families of elderly with depressive symptoms regarding their functioning and to ascertain the presence of an association between these symptoms, family functioning and the characteristics of the elderly. Method: This was an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study performed with 33 teams of the Family Health Strategy in Dourados, MS. The sample consisted of 374 elderly divided into two groups (with and without depressive symptoms). The instruments for data collection were a sociodemographic instrument, the GeriatricDepression Scale (15 items) and the Family Apgar. Results: An association was observed between depressive symptoms and family dysfunction, female gender, four or more people living together, and physical inactivity. Conclusion: The functional family may represent effective support for the elderly with depressive symptoms, because it offers a comfortable environment that ensures the well-being of its members. The dysfunctional family can barely provide necessary care for the elderly, which can exacerbate depressive symptoms. 

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Performance of the Visual Analogue Scale of Happiness and of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia in the Tremembé Epidemiological Study, Brazil

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/s1980-57642014dn84000014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 389-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karolina G. César ◽

Sonia M.D. Brucki ◽

Leonel T. Takada ◽

Luiz Fernando C. Nascimento ◽

Camila M.S. Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Visual Analogue Scale ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Analogue Scale ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Female Gender ◽

Clinical History ◽

The City

Depression is a major growing public health problem. Many population studies have found a significant relationship between depression and the presence of cognitive disorders. OBJECTIVE: To establish the correlation between the Visual Analogue Scale of Happiness and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia in the population aged 60 years or over in the city of Tremembé, state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: An epidemiological survey involving home visits was carried out in the city of Tremembé. The sample was randomly selected by drawing 20% of the population aged 60 years or older from each of the city's census sectors. In this single-phase study, the assessment included clinical history, physical and neurological examination, cognitive evaluation, and application of both the Cornell Scale and the Analogue Scale of Happiness for psychiatric symptoms. The presence of depressive symptoms was defined as scores greater than or equal to 8 points on the Cornell Scale. RESULTS: A total of 623 subjects were evaluated and of these 251 (40.3%) had clinically significant depressive symptoms on the Cornell Scale, with a significant association with female gender (p<0.001) and with lower education (p=0.012). One hundred and thirty-six participants (21.8%) chose the unhappiness faces, with a significant association with age (p<0.001), female gender (p=0.020) and low socioeconomic status (p=0.012). Although there was a statistically significant association on the correlation test, the correlation was not high (rho=0.47). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was high in this sample and the Visual Analogue Scale of Happiness and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia should not be used as similar alternatives for evaluating the presence of depressive symptoms, at least in populations with low educational level.

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