scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.6 is the major contributor to transmission in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoong Min Chong ◽  
I-Ching Sam ◽  
Jennifer Chong ◽  
Maria Kahar Bador ◽  
Sasheela Ponnampalavanar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

AbstractBackgroundAs of June 30, 2020, Malaysia had confirmed 8,639 cases of COVID-19. About 39% of these were associated with a religious mass gathering event held in Kuala Lumpur between February 27 and March 1, 2020, which drove community transmission during Malaysia’s main wave. We analysed genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from Malaysia to understand the molecular epidemiology.MethodsWe obtained whole genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from 58 COVID-19 patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and performed phylogenetic analyses on these and a further 50 Malaysian sequences available in the GISAID database. Malaysian lineage B.6 sequences were further analysed with all available worldwide lineage B.6 sequences.ResultsNine different SARS-CoV-2 lineages (A, B, B.1, B.1.1, B.1.1.1, B.1.36, B.2, B.3 and B.6) were detected in Malaysia. The B.6 lineage was first reported a week after the mass gathering and became predominant (63%) despite being relatively rare (1.4%) among available global sequences. Increases in reported cases and community-acquired B.6 lineage strains were temporally linked. Non-B.6 lineages were mainly associated with travel and showed limited onward transmission. There were also temporally-correlated increases in B.6 sequences in other Southeast Asian countries, India and Australia, linked to participants returning from this event. We also report the presence of a nsp3-C6310A substitution found in 40.5% of global B.6 sequences which has associated with reduced sensitivity in a commercial assay.ConclusionLineage B.6 became the predominant cause of community transmission in Malaysia after likely introduction during a religious mass gathering. This event also contributed to spikes of lineage B.6 in other countries in the region.Author SummaryThe COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia was driven mainly by transmission following a religious mass gathering held in Kuala Lumpur at the end of February. To study the genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Malaysia, we analysed 50 available and 58 newly-generated Malaysian whole genome virus sequences. We found that lineage B.6, rare (1.4%) globally, first appeared after the mass gathering and became the most predominant (62.9%) in Malaysia. Increases in COVID-19 cases and locally-acquired B.6 strains were temporally linked. Non-B.6 viruses were mainly associated with travel and showed limited spread. Increases in B.6 viruses in Southeast Asian countries, India and Australia were linked to participants returning from this mass gathering. Altogether, 95.3% of global B.6 sequences originated in Asia or Australia. We also report a mutation in the virus nsP3 gene found in 40.5% of global B.6 sequences and associated with reduced detection by a commercial diagnostic test. In conclusion, the religious mass gathering in Kuala Lumpur was associated with the main wave of COVID-19 cases of predominantly B.6 lineage in Malaysia, and subsequent spread of B.6 viruses regionally. Genome sequence data provides valuable insight into virus spread and is important for monitoring continued accuracy of diagnostic kits.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.6 was the major contributor to early pandemic transmission in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0008744
Author(s):  
Yoong Min Chong ◽  
I-Ching Sam ◽  
Jennifer Chong ◽  
Maria Kahar Bador ◽  
Sasheela Ponnampalavanar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
And Control ◽  
Temporally Correlated

Malaysia had 10,219 confirmed cases of COVID-19 as of September 20, 2020. About 33% were associated with a Tablighi Jamaat religious mass gathering held in Kuala Lumpur between February 27 and March 3, 2020, which drove community transmission during Malaysia’s second wave. We analysed genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from Malaysia to better understand the molecular epidemiology and spread. We obtained 58 SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences from patients in Kuala Lumpur and performed phylogenetic analyses on these and a further 57 Malaysian sequences available in the GISAID database. Nine different SARS-CoV-2 lineages (A, B, B.1, B.1.1, B.1.1.1, B.1.36, B.2, B.3 and B.6) were detected in Malaysia. The B.6 lineage was first reported a week after the Tablighi mass gathering and became predominant (65.2%) despite being relatively rare (1.4%) globally. Direct epidemiological links between lineage B.6 viruses and the mass gathering were identified. Increases in reported total cases, Tablighi-associated cases, and community-acquired B.6 lineage strains were temporally linked. Non-B.6 lineages were mainly travel-associated and showed limited onward transmission. There were also temporally correlated increases in B.6 sequences in other Southeast Asian countries, India and Australia, linked to participants returning from this event. Over 95% of global B.6 sequences originated from Asia Pacific. We also report a nsp3-C6310A substitution found in 47.3% of global B.6 sequences which was associated with reduced sensitivity using a commercial diagnostic real-time PCR assay. Lineage B.6 became the predominant cause of community transmission in Malaysia after likely introduction during a religious mass gathering. This event also contributed to spikes of lineage B.6 in other countries in the Asia-Pacific. Mass gatherings can be significant causes of local and global spread of COVID-19. Shared genomic surveillance can be used to identify SARS-CoV-2 transmission chains to aid prevention and control, and to monitor diagnostic molecular assays. Clinical Trial Registration: COVID-19 paper.

scholarly journals PESONA PETRONAS TWIN TOWERS SEBAGAI OBJEK WISATA DI KUALA LUMPUR MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umi Kalsum
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Neighboring Country ◽  
The City ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Malaysia is one of the most successful Southeast Asian countries to develop its tourism industry. Attraction attraction that is owned by this tourist attraction is the splendor, altitude, and architecture of this tower. Besides other tourist attractions are around the twin towers there is a vast place or a park to relax while looking at the beauty of the building in the city of Kuala lumpur, under the tower is a shopping center so that tourists can at once shop and buy souvenirs from the neighboring country. There are also other tourist attractions behind the tower is, the fountain is decorated with colorful lights that will sway to the rhythm in accordance with the song being sung, this of course adds to the beauty of this place and make the tourists feel interested to visit it.

scholarly journals Road Transport System in Southeast Asia; Problems and Economic Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Kaffashi ◽  
Mad Shamsudin ◽  
Maynard S. Clark ◽  
Shaufique Sidique ◽  
Alias Radam
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Societal Welfare ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

In Southeast Asian countries (SEA), road transport accounts for the main energy consumption and CO2 emission. Air pollution is a major concern in densely populated cities such as Bangkok, Manila, and Kuala Lumpur. The main objective of this paper is to give insights on trends of transport development, car ownership, and CO2 emissions in Southeast Asia. This study also attempts to review the successful transportation policies around the globe and to introduce the possible instruments that can help reduce air pollution in Southeast Asian countries. Economic instruments to estimate the benefits of a cleaner environment due to new policies are introduced as well. The results of this research could help policy makers consider approaches that could internalize external costs of transportation and maximize the societal welfare.

Phylogenetic analyses of dengue virus serotypes imported to Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Ma ◽  
Shenwei Li ◽  
Zhenzhou Wan ◽  
Xiaohui Huang ◽  
Xia Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Dengue Virus Serotypes ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

All four dengue virus serotypes covering nine genotypes were found to be imported into Shanghai, China, from overseas during 2017–19. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the majority of them were imported from Southeast Asian countries. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening dengue surveillance in Shanghai.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequencing and Evolutionary Analysis of HCV Subtype 6a Including Strains from Guangdong Province, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RU XU ◽  
Jieting Huang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Qiao Liao ◽  
Zhengang Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Rate ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Abstract In recent years, Hepatitis C virus 6a was not only the predominant subtype in Guangdong but also has the potential of increasing in non-Guangdong in China over time. To understand the virus evolution and transmission mode, the representative HCV 6a specimens in Guangdong province were chosen for deep sequencing and performed evolutionary analysis with all the 6a whole genome reference sequences. Our results showed that less than 5% of the genome was found to be under positive selection. The protein with the highest proportion of sites under positive selection was E1 and E2; A positive association between positive selection sites and the presence of CD8 epitopes was found in non-Guangdong genomes (χ2 = 9.168, P < 0.05). The evolutionary rate of 6a whole genome was 9.59×10− 4s/s/y. E2 has the fastest evolutionary rate (9.40×10− 3s/s/y), followed by E1, NS3 and NS5A. Spatio-temporal evolutionary analysis showed that Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries were the origins of global HCV6a. Further, there were two important transmission modes which were all originated from Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries in Guangdong. One (Group B) indicated that HCV6a was then transmitted to Hong Kong, and then to Guangdong and cross-dissemination between these two places; Another (Group C) revealed that HCV6a was directly disseminate to Guangdong and formed a regional epidemic. Our study firstly revealed the transmission mode of HCV6a by whole genome sequence, indicating that the impact of selective constraints in Guangdong and non-Guangdong, it can be helpful to plan for future prevention and management of HCV6a infection in Guangdong, China.

Factors Affecting Bank Risk-Taking: Evidence from Southeast Asian Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-136
Author(s):  
NGUYEN THANH LIEM ◽  
TRAN HUNG SON ◽  
HOANG TRUNG NGHIA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Transboundary Haze-Free for Southeast Asian Countries by 2020: A Delusional Vision?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1923-1929
Author(s):  
Nurhidayatuloh ◽  
Febrian ◽  
Mada Apriandi ◽  
Annalisa Y ◽  
Helena Primadianti Sulistyaningrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology and Whole-Genome Analysis of Bovine Foamy Virus in Japan

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Hirohisa Mekata ◽  
Tomohiro Okagawa ◽  
Satoru Konnai ◽  
Takayuki Miyazawa
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Foamy Virus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Bovine Foamy Virus ◽  
Novel Genotype

Bovine foamy virus (BFV) is a member of the foamy virus family in cattle. Information on the epidemiology, transmission routes, and whole-genome sequences of BFV is still limited. To understand the characteristics of BFV, this study included a molecular survey in Japan and the determination of the whole-genome sequences of 30 BFV isolates. A total of 30 (3.4%, 30/884) cattle were infected with BFV according to PCR analysis. Cattle less than 48 months old were scarcely infected with this virus, and older animals had a significantly higher rate of infection. To reveal the possibility of vertical transmission, we additionally surveyed 77 pairs of dams and 3-month-old calves in a farm already confirmed to have BFV. We confirmed that one of the calves born from a dam with BFV was infected. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that a novel genotype was spread in Japan. In conclusion, the prevalence of BFV in Japan is relatively low and three genotypes, including a novel genotype, are spread in Japan.

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