scholarly journals Age-dependent increase in α-tocopherol and phytosterols in maize leaves exposed to elevated ozone pollution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Wedow ◽  
Charles H. Burroughs ◽  
Lorena Rios Acosta ◽  
Andrew D.B. Leakey ◽  
Elizabeth A. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Hybrid Line ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Ozone Stress

AbstractTropospheric ozone is a major air pollutant that significantly damages crop production around the world. Crop metabolic responses to rising chronic ozone stress have not been well-studied in the field, especially in C4 crops. In this study, we investigated the metabolomic profile of leaves from two diverse maize (Zea mays) inbred lines and the hybrid cross during exposure to season-long elevated ozone (~100 nL L−1) in the field using free air concentration enrichment (FACE) to identify key biochemical responses of maize to elevated ozone. Senescence, measured by loss of chlorophyll content, was accelerated in the hybrid line, B73 x Mo17, but not in either inbred line (B73 or Mo17). Untargeted metabolomic profiling further revealed that inbred and hybrid lines of maize differed in metabolic responses to ozone. A significant difference in the metabolite profile of hybrid leaves exposed to elevated ozone occurred as leaves aged, but no age-dependent difference in leaf metabolite profiles between ozone conditions was measured in the inbred lines. Phytosterols and α-tocopherol levels increased in B73 x Mo17 leaves as they aged, and to a significantly greater degree in elevated ozone stress. These metabolites are involved in membrane stabilization and chloroplast reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching. The hybrid line also showed significant yield loss at elevated ozone, which the inbred lines did not. This suggests that the hybrid maize line was more sensitive to ozone exposure than the inbred lines, and up-regulated metabolic pathways to stabilize membranes and quench ROS in response to chronic ozone stress.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physiological, Biochemical and Yield Attributes of Rice Cultivars under Elevated Ozone Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ramya Ambikapathi ◽  
◽  
Dhevagi Periyasamy ◽  
Maheswari M ◽  
Jayabalakrishnan R.M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
High Ozone Concentration ◽  
Ozone Stress ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The present study aimed to assess the response of 15 rice cultivars exposed to elevated ozone stress. The plants were exposed to 100 ppb ozone (10:00– 17:00 h) for 30 days at the reproductive stage. Elevated ozone significantly alters the physiological, biochemical, growth and yield traits of all test rice cultivars. Elevated ozone exposure significantly decreased photosynthetic rate maximally in MDU5 (42.90%) and TRY(R)2 showed maximum reduction in stomatal conductance (42.39%) and chlorophyll content (41.22%). In terms of yield traits, a decrease in tiller number, number of effective tillers, number of filled spikelets per panicle and 1000 grain weight over the control were also observed. The multivariate analysis with a total variance of 58.86% categorized the 15 rice cultivars into ozone sensitive (TRY(R) 2, ASD16, ADT(R)45 and MDU5), moderately ozone sensitive (ASD18, ADT43, Rice MDU6, ADT36 and ADT37), moderately ozone tolerant (ADT(R)48 CO47 and Rice CO51) and ozone tolerant (Rice TPS5, Anna(R)4 and PMK(R)3) under 100 ppb ozone. The present results revealed that the ozone tolerant rice cultivars would be recommended to cultivate in the regions experiencing high ozone concentration.

scholarly journals Measurements of Ambient Ozone Concentrations Show Elevated Levels within Commercial Greenhouses

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 976B-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein ◽  
S. Edward Law
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Atmospheric Ozone ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Commercial Crop

Ozone is a highly oxidizing phytotoxic air pollutant, whose effects are documented to adversely affect crop growth and productivity. In contrast to the large body of published work investigating the effects of atmospheric ozone on outdoor agronomic and forestry crops, relatively few studies have addressed the effects of ozone exposure on greenhouse-grown crops. Outdoor concentrations of ozone can commonly attain concentrations in the 50–150 ppb range, which are known to detrimentally impact plant growth. The objective of this study was to characterize ozone exposure in commercial greenhouses as a prelude to the determination of dose–response effects on specific greenhouse crops and the development of ozone abatement methods, if appropriate. This study documented the levels and diurnal fluctuations in atmospheric ozone concentrations over two annual June–October “ozone seasons.” Measurements were taken every 10 min. for both indoor and outdoor ozone concentration, solar radiation, and temperature. Unexpectedly, indoor ozone concentrations often exhibited elevated levels that were 25% to 35% higher than outdoor concentrations, even in well-ventilated houses. These findings suggest that additional ozone production may occur within the greenhouse environment. Evaluations of causative factors and ozone effects on commercial crop production are warranted.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

scholarly journals Age‐dependent increase in α‐tocopherol and phytosterols in maize leaves exposed to elevated ozone pollution

Plant Direct ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Wedow ◽  
Charles H. Burroughs ◽  
Lorena Rios Acosta ◽  
Andrew D. B. Leakey ◽  
Elizabeth A. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Age Dependent

scholarly journals Persistent rhinitis and epithelial remodeling induced by cyclic ozone exposure in the nasal airways of infant monkeys

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (2) ◽  
pp. L242-L254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan A. Carey ◽  
Carol A. Ballinger ◽  
Charles G. Plopper ◽  
Ruth J. McDonald ◽  
Alfred A. Bartolucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
Nasal Airways ◽  
Airway Injury

Children chronically exposed to high levels of ozone (O3), the principal oxidant pollutant in photochemical smog, are more vulnerable to respiratory illness and infections. The specific factors underlying this differential susceptibility are unknown but may be related to air pollutant-induced nasal alterations during postnatal development that impair the normal physiological functions (e.g., filtration and mucociliary clearance) serving to protect the more distal airways from inhaled xenobiotics. In adult animal models, chronic ozone exposure is associated with adaptations leading to a decrease in airway injury. The purpose of our study was to determine whether cyclic ozone exposure induces persistent morphological and biochemical effects on the developing nasal airways of infant monkeys early in life. Infant (180-day-old) rhesus macaques were exposed to 5 consecutive days of O3 [0.5 parts per million (ppm), 8 h/day; “1-cycle”] or filtered air (FA) or 11 biweekly cycles of O3 (FA days 1– 9; 0.5 ppm, 8 h/day on days 10– 14; “11-cycle”). The left nasal passage was processed for light microscopy and morphometric analysis. Mucosal samples from the right nasal passage were processed for GSH, GSSG, ascorbate (AH2), and uric acid (UA) concentration. Eleven-cycle O3 induced persistent rhinitis, squamous metaplasia, and epithelial hyperplasia in the anterior nasal airways of infant monkeys, resulting in a 39% increase in the numeric density of epithelial cells. Eleven-cycle O3 also induced a 65% increase in GSH concentrations at this site. The persistence of epithelial hyperplasia was positively correlated with changes in GSH. These results indicate that early life ozone exposure causes persistent nasal epithelial alterations in infant monkeys and provide a potential mechanism for the increased susceptibility to respiratory illness exhibited by children in polluted environments.

Gene–environment interactions increase the risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis associated with ozone pollution

2022 ◽  
pp. 135245852110699
Author(s):  
Amin Ziaei ◽  
Amy M Lavery ◽  
Xiaorong MA Shao ◽  
Cameron Adams ◽  
T Charles Casper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
County Level ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Ozone Level ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pediatric Onset

Background: We previously reported a relationship between air pollutants and increased risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). Ozone is an air pollutant that may play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathoetiology. CD86 is the only non-HLA gene associated with POMS for which expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is changed in response to ozone exposure. Objectives: To examine the association between county-level ozone and POMS, and the interactions between ozone pollution, CD86, and HLA- DRB1*15, the strongest genetic variant associated with POMS. Methods: Cases and controls were enrolled in the Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Pediatric MS study of the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers. County-level-modeled ozone data were acquired from the CDC’s Environmental Tracking Network. Participants were assigned ozone values based on county of residence. Values were categorized into tertiles based on healthy controls. The association between ozone tertiles and having MS was assessed by logistic regression. Interactions between tertiles of ozone level and the GG genotype of the rs928264 (G/A) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within CD86, and the presence of DRB1*15:01 ( DRB1*15) on odds of POMS were evaluated. Models were adjusted for age, sex, genetic ancestry, and mother’s education. Additive interaction was estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportions (APs) of disease were calculated. Results: A total of 334 POMS cases and 565 controls contributed to the analyses. County-level ozone was associated with increased odds of POMS (odds ratio 2.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69–3.59 and 1.95, 95% CI: 1.32–2.88 for the upper two tertiles, respectively, compared with the lowest tertile). There was a significant additive interaction between high ozone tertiles and presence of DRB1*15, with a RERI of 2.21 (95% CI: 0.83–3.59) and an AP of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.33–0.79). Additive interaction between high ozone tertiles and the CD86 GG genotype was present, with a RERI of 1.60 (95% CI: 0.14–3.06) and an AP of 0.37 (95% CI: 0.001–0.75) compared to the lowest ozone tertile. AP results indicated that approximately half of the POMS risk in subjects can be attributed to the possible interaction between higher county-level ozone carrying either DRB1*15 or the CD86 GG genotype. Conclusions: In addition to the association between high county-level ozone and POMS, we report evidence for additive interactions between higher county-level ozone and DRB1*15 and the CD86 GG genotype. Identifying gene–environment interactions may provide mechanistic insight of biological processes at play in MS susceptibility. Our work suggests a possible role of APCs for county-level ozone-induced POMS risk.

scholarly journals Regional Energy, CO2, and Economic and Air Quality Index Performances in China: A Meta-Frontier Approach

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Yung-Ho Chiu ◽  
Liang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Desirable Output ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Rapid economic development has resulted in a significant increase in energy consumption and pollution such as carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM2.5), particulate matter 10 (PM10), SO2, and NO2 emissions, which can cause cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Therefore, to ensure a sustainable future, it is essential to improve economic efficiency and reduce emissions. Using a Meta-frontier Non-radial Directional Distance Function model, this study took energy consumption, the labor force, and fixed asset investments as the inputs, Gross domestic product (GDP) as the desirable output, and CO2 and the Air Quality Index (AQI) scores as the undesirable outputs to assess energy efficiency and air pollutant index efficiency scores in China from 2013–2016 and to identify the areas in which improvements was necessary. It was found that there was a large gap between the western and eastern cities in China. A comparison of the CO2 and AQI in 31 Chinese cities showed a significant difference in the CO2 emissions and AQI efficiency scores, with the lower scoring cities being mainly concentrated in China’s western region. It was therefore concluded that China needs to pay greater attention to the differences in the economic levels, stages of social development, and energy structures in the western cities when developing appropriately focused improvement plans.

scholarly journals The Effect of Abiotic Stresses on the Protein Composition of Four Hungarian Wheat Varieties

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dalma Nagy-Réder ◽  
Zsófia Birinyi ◽  
Marianna Rakszegi ◽  
Ferenc Békés ◽  
Gyöngyvér Gell
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect

Global climate change in recent years has resulted in extreme heat and drought events that significantly influence crop production and endanger food security. Such abiotic stress during the growing season has a negative effect on yield as well as on the functional properties of wheat grain protein content and composition. This reduces the value of grain, as these factors significantly reduce end-use quality. In this study, four Hungarian bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) with different drought and heat tolerance were examined. Changes in the size- and hydrophobicity-based distribution of the total proteins of the samples have been monitored by SE- and RP-HPLC, respectively, together with parallel investigations of changes in the amounts of the R5 and G12 antibodies related to celiac disease immunoreactive peptides. Significant difference in yield, protein content and composition have been observed in each cultivar, altering the amounts of CD-related gliadin, as well as the protein parameters directly related to techno-functional properties (Glu/Gli ratio, UPP%). The extent of changes largely depended on the timing of the abiotic stress. The severity of the negative effect depended on the growth stage in which abiotic stress occurred.

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