scholarly journals Alternate without alternative: Neither preference nor simple learning behaviour shown by C57BL/6J mice in the T-maze

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Habedank ◽  
Pia Kahnau ◽  
Lars Lewejohann
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Learning Behaviour ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Test Preference ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Preference Tests

AbstractIn rodents, the T-maze test is commonly used to investigate spontaneous alternating behaviour but it can also be used to investigate memory, stimuli discrimination or preference between goods. However, especially regarding T-maze preference tests there is no recommended protocol and researchers frequently report reproduction difficulties of this test using mice.Here, we aimed to develop an efficient protocol with female C57BL/6J mice, conducting two preference tests with different design: In a first test, on two consecutive days with five trials, thirteen mice had to choose between two fluids. In a second preference test, on five consecutive days with two (week 1) or three (week 2) trials, twelve mice had to choose between one arm containing bedding mixed with millet and one containing only bedding. This test design resembled a simple learning test (learn where to find the rewarded and the unrewarded arm on the basis of spatial, olfactory and visual cues).In both experiments, mice took only a few seconds per trial to run the maze and make their choice. However, in both experiments mice failed to show any preference for one of the arms. Instead, they alternated choices. We therefore believe the T-maze test to be rather unsuitable to test preference or learning behaviour with C57BL/6J mice.

scholarly journals The Effects of Test Preference, Test Access, and Navigation on Colorectal Cancer Screening

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1521-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine Daskalakis ◽  
Sally W. Vernon ◽  
Randa Sifri ◽  
Melissa DiCarlo ◽  
James Cocroft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Test Preference

scholarly journals Influence of visual cues on host-searching and learning behaviour of the egg parasitoidsTelenomus podisiandTrissolcus basalis

2012 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michely Ferreira Santos de Aquino ◽  
Aline Moreira Dias ◽  
Miguel Borges ◽  
Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes ◽  
Raul Alberto Laumann
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Learning Behaviour

Obese and lean Zucker rats differ in preferences for sham-fed corn oil or sucrose

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. R1093-R1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Greenberg ◽  
S. C. Weatherford
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Dietary Selection ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
Preference Tests

Obese Zucker rats show greater preference for fatty foods in dietary selection studies than do lean rats. We wished to evaluate the preference for dietary fats in Zucker rats in the absence of postingestive cues. Zucker rats (6 lean and 6 obese) were fitted with gastric cannulas for sham feeding. All sham-feeding tests lasted for 30 min. On training days, rats were sham fed 100% corn oil or, on alternate days, rats were sham fed various concentrations of sucrose in volumes yoked to intakes of corn oil. On preference test days, rats were offered 100% corn oil and one sucrose concentration simultaneously for sham feeding. During preference tests, obese rats preferred 100% corn oil to 10% sucrose, whereas lean rats preferred 10% sucrose to 100% corn oil. Obese rats equally preferred 17.5% sucrose and 100% corn oil, whereas lean Zucker rats equally preferred 2.5% sucrose and 100% corn oil. When sucrose concentration was increased to 20% both obese and lean Zucker rats preferred sucrose to 100% corn oil. These results combined with our previously reported results showing that intraduodenally administered fats do not differ in satiating potency for obese and lean Zucker rats (6) strongly suggest that the preference of obese rats for fatty foods is largely mediated by orosensory mechanisms.

The role of chemoreception in salmon-egg predation by coastrange (Cottus aleuticus) and slimy (C. cognatus) sculpins in Iliamna Lake, Alaska

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew H Dittman ◽  
Gayle S Brown ◽  
Chris J Foote
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Egg Predation ◽  
Ovarian Fluid ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Salmon Eggs ◽  
Ecological Relationship

Egg predation by coastrange sculpins (Cottus aleuticus) and slimy sculpins (C. cognatus) may be a major factor affecting sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) production in Iliamna Lake, Alaska. In this study, we examined the potential roles of visual and chemosensory cues in egg predation by sculpins. A field study tested whether sculpins were differentially attracted to minnow traps baited with eggs that were (i) visible with no odours present, (ii) visible with odours present, or (iii) not visible with odours present. Our results indicated that sculpins do not require visual cues for detecting salmon eggs. However, attraction to sockeye eggs did require chemical cues emanating from the eggs. To characterize the chemical attractants that emanate from salmon eggs, we tested whether sculpins were attracted to test odours in a two-choice maze. Test odours were prepared by soaking eggs in lake water. Sculpins preferred egg wash to lake water but demonstrated no attraction to ovarian fluid versus lake water, suggesting that the attractive substances are derived directly from egg material. These results are discussed in relation to the known sensory mechanisms involved in feeding by sculpins as well as to the ecological relationship between spawning sockeye salmon and sculpins.

scholarly journals Familiarity modulates social approach toward stressed conspecifics in female rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan M. Rogers-Carter ◽  
Anthony Djerdjaj ◽  
Amelia R. Culp ◽  
Joshua A. Elbaz ◽  
John P. Christianson
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Affective Cues ◽  
Preference Tests

AbstractFamiliarity between conspecifics may influence how social affective cues shape social behaviors. In a social affective preference test, experimental rats, when given the choice to explore an unfamiliar stressed or a naive adult, will avoid interaction with a stressed conspecific. To determine if familiarity would influence social interactions with stressed conspecifics, male and female test rats underwent 2 social affective preference tests in isosexual triads where an experimental rat was presented with a naïve and a stressed target conspecific who were either familiar (cagemate) or unfamiliar. Male and female experimental rats avoided stressed unfamiliar conspecifics. However, experimental female rats demonstrated a preference to interact with their stressed, familiar cagemates. Male and female rats exhibited more self-grooming and immobility behavior in the presence of stressed conspecifics, which may indicate emotion contagion. These findings suggest a sex-specific role of familiarity in social approach and avoidance, and warrant further mechanistic exploration.

Preference Tests and the Management of Product Features

1968 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Day
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Product Features ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Preference Tests

The consumer preference test can be a valuable source of information in effective management of the firm's product offering. In this article, some specific suggestions are offered on ways to utilize preference tests and to avoid costly neglect of the “contents of the package.” The author suggests that preference tests can be made even more valuable when management uses a well-developed conceptual framework for planning and analyzing preference studies.

scholarly journals Rye Bread Fortified With Cellulose and Its Acceptance by Elderlies in Nursing Homes and Young Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Fuckerer ◽  
Oliver Hensel ◽  
Joachim J. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rye Bread ◽  
Preference Tests

<p>Several clinical studies suggest that a sufficient daily intake of fibres has positive effects on prevention of different diseases. Other studies show that most elderlies ingest too less fibres daily. As bread is one of the daily consumed food by elderly a brown rye bread fortified with three different cellulose fibres length (18 µm, 300 µm, 700 µm) was developed. To find out whether elderly would consume such cellulose fortified rye breads, preference tests and a questionnaire about fibres and liking of fibres enriched rye breads were conducted with people older than 75 years and living in a nursing home. Comparable test were conducted with young adults. Preference test and questionnaire showed that young adults favoured rye bread with 18 µm cellulose, because they associated soft crumb texture with freshly baked bread. Instead elderlies preferred standard rye bread and bread with 300 µm cellulose, because those two kinds of rye breads have similar crumb texture which is popular with elderlies. These results showed that there are differences in preferring of fortified rye bread between elderlies and young adults. Parallel questionnaires showed that elderlies and young are well informed about fibres and have a positive attitude towards rye bread fortified with fibres. Therefore given information about fibres did not increase liking of the fibre rye breads. Finally, it can be concluded that elderlies would eat bread fortified with fibers and there were differences in liking of bread between elderlies and young.  </p>

scholarly journals The influence of early life socialisation on cognition in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Weller ◽  
Simon P. Turner ◽  
Agnieszka Futro ◽  
Jo Donbavand ◽  
Mark Brims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
The Social ◽  
Puzzle Box

Abstract Previously, the benefits of early-life socialisation on later-life social development have been reported in pigs. Here we investigated the effect of pre-weaning socialisation on the later-life cognitive ability of pigs using a range of techniques. Pre-weaning, 101 piglets had access to a neighbouring pen from ~ 15 days of age and interacted with non-littermates (socialised). An additional 89 piglets remained isolated within their home pen (controls). After weaning, 100 individuals were selected for a range of cognitive tests including a food reward T-maze test, reversal learning T-maze test, a social preference T-maze test, and a puzzle box test. Performance during the food reward test was not influenced by treatment. Treatment effected improvement over the course of the reversal learning test, with controls showing a significant decrease in trial duration after the first two trials. During the social preference test, socialised pigs spent significantly more time in the presence of larger stimulus pigs than controls and were quicker to leave the middle of the maze, suggesting improved social skills. Neither sex nor treatment was observed to influence pig’s ability to solve the puzzle box. Thus, overall, evidence from the social preference test suggests an effect of pre-weaning socialisation on aspects of social cognitive development.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN NUGGET DAN OTAK-OTAK AMPAS TAHU (Glycine Max (L) Merill) SEBAGAI KUDAPAN BAGI ANAK SD YPK YOKA BARU TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paskalina A A Weridity ◽  
Marlin Paulina Gultom ◽  
Ratih Nurani Sumardi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Test Preference ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Snack Products

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembuatan nugget dan otak-otak ampas tahu sebagai kudapan bagi anak sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bersifat Quasi Eksperimen, menggunakan 2 produk kudapan yang ditambahkan tepung ampas tahu yaitu nugget dan otak-otak. Uji kesukaan pada panelis tidak terlatih 25 orang dan penelitian lanjutan berupa uji daya terima dari produk terpilih pada 25 orang siswa SD Yoka Baru. Hasil uji kesukaan menunjukkan bahwa yang paling disukai adalah produk nugget ampas tahu yaitu warna (96%), aroma (90%), rasa (88%) dan tekstur (90%). Hasil uji daya terima menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang memiliki daya terima >80% untuk hari ke-1 hingga hari ke-2 sebanyak 100% siswa. Kata kunci : Ampas Tahu, Kudapan, Uji Daya Terima, Uji Kesukaan ABSTRACT This research aims to study the making of nuggets and tofu dregs for elementary school children. This research was queasy-experimental research. We used two snack products i.e. otak-otak (grilled fish cake) and nugget to which we added tofu dreg flour. Preference test in 25 untrained panelist and advanced test in the form of acceptability test of selected products in 25 students of SD Yoka Baru were conducted. The result of preference test indicated that the most preferred product was nugget added with tofu dregs (color, 96%; smell, 90%; taste, 88%; and texture, 90%). The result of acceptability test indicated that all students showed acceptability of >80% on the first and second days (100%). Key words : Tofu Dregs, Snack, Acceptability Test, Preference Test.

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