scholarly journals The Influence of Phenotyping Method on Structural Neuroimaging Associations with Depression in UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew A. Harris ◽  
Simon R. Cox ◽  
Laura de Nooij ◽  
Miruna C. Barbu ◽  
Mark J. Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Structural Neuroimaging ◽  
Phenotype Definition ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Report Measure

AbstractBackgroundDepression is assessed in many different ways, with large population studies often relying on minimal phenotyping approaches. Genetic results suggest that more formal clinical diagnoses and simpler self-report measures of depression show some core similarities, but also important differences. It is not yet clear whether this is also the case for neuroimaging measures.MethodsWe studied 39,300 UK Biobank imaging participants (20,701 female; aged 44.6 to 82.3 years, M = 64.1, SD = 7.5) with structural neuroimaging (T1 and DTI) and depression data. Depression phenotypes included a minmal single-item self-report measure, an intermediate symptom-based measure of ‘probable’ depression, and a more clinically robust measure based on DSM-IV criteria. We tested i) associations between brain structural measures and each depression phenotype, and ii) the effects of depression phenotype on these associations.ResultsSmall depression-brain structure associations (β < 0.1) were significant after FDR correction for many global and regional metrics for all three phenotypes. The most consistent imaging associations across depression phenotypes were for measures of white matter integrity. There were small but significant effects of phenotype definition primarily for cortical thickness, which showed stronger negative associations with Self-reported Depression than the symptom-based measures.ConclusionSimilar to previous genetic studies, we found some consistent associations indicating a core component of depression across phenotypes, and some additional associations that were phenotype-specific. Although these specific results did not relate to depth of phenotyping as expected, effects of phenotype definition are still an important consideration for future depression research.

scholarly journals Binge eating disorder: a symptom-level investigation of genetic and environmental influences on liability

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1899-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Mitchell ◽  
M. C. Neale ◽  
C. M. Bulik ◽  
S. H. Aggen ◽  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Symptom Level ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Report Measure

BackgroundRecent behavioral genetic studies have emphasized the importance of investigating eating disorders at the level of individual symptoms, rather than as overall diagnoses. We examined the heritability of binge eating disorder (BED) using an item-factor analytic approach, which estimates contributions of additive genetic (A), common environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) influences on liability to BED as well as individual symptoms.MethodParticipants were 614 monozygotic and 410 dizygotic same-sex female twins from the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry who completed a self-report measure of BED symptoms based upon DSM-IV criteria. Genetic and environmental contributions to BED liability were assessed at the diagnostic and symptom levels, using an item-factor approach.ResultsLiability to BED was moderately heritable; 45% of the variance was due to A, with smaller proportions due to C (13%), and E (42%). Additive genetic effects accounted for 29–43% of the variance in individual items, while only 8–14% was due to C.ConclusionsResults highlight the relevance of examining eating disorders at the symptom level, rather than focusing on aggregate diagnoses.

Measuring melancholia: the utility of a prototypic symptom approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Parker ◽  
K. Fletcher ◽  
M. Hyett ◽  
D. Hadzi-Pavlovic ◽  
M. Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Correct Classification Rate ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Q Sort ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Distinct Subtype

BackgroundMelancholia has long resisted classification, with many of its suggested markers lacking specificity. The imprecision of depressive symptoms, in addition to self-report biases, has limited the capacity of existing measures to delineate melancholic depression as a distinct subtype. Our aim was to develop a self-report measure differentiating melancholic and non-melancholic depression, weighting differentiation by prototypic symptoms and determining its comparative classification success with a severity-based strategy.MethodConsecutively recruited depressed out-patients (n=228) rated 32 symptoms by prototypic or ‘characteristic’ relevance (using the Q-sort strategy) and severity [using the Severity-based Depression Rating System (SDRS) strategy]. Clinician diagnosis of melancholic/non-melancholic depression was the criterion measure, but two other formal measures of melancholia (Newcastle and DSM-IV criteria) were also tested.ResultsThe prevalence of ‘melancholia’ ranged from 20.9% to 54.2% across the subtyping measures. The Q-sort measure had the highest overall correct classification rate in differentiating melancholic and non-melancholic depression (81.6%), with such decisions supported by validation analyses.ConclusionsIn differentiating a melancholic subtype or syndrome, prototypic symptoms should be considered as a potential alternative to severity-based ratings.

scholarly journals Self-Perceived Mate Value Is Poorly Predicted by Demographic Variables

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 147470491982903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Csajbók ◽  
Jan Havlíček ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics ◽  
Mihály Berkics
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mate Value ◽  
Single Item ◽  
College Age ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Criterion Variables ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Report Measure

Mate value is a construct that can be measured in various ways, ranging from complex but difficult-to-obtain ratings all the way to single-item self-report measures. Due to low sample sizes in previous studies, little is known about the relationship between mate value and demographic variables. In this article, we tested the Mate Value Scale, a relatively new, short, 4-item self-report measure in two large samples. In the first sample of over 1,000, mostly college-age participants, the scale was found to be reliable and correlated with criterion variables in expected ways. In the second, larger sample, which included over 21,000 participants, we have tested for differences across demographics. Contrary to theoretical expectations and previous findings with smaller samples, the differences were either very small (sexual orientation, age, education) or small (sex, socioeconomic status, relationship status) in terms of their effect size. This suggests that the scale is not measuring “objective” mate value (as understood either in terms of fitness or actual mating decisions by potential partners on the “market”), but a self-perception of it, open to social comparison, relative standards, possibly even biases, raising questions about measuring self-perceived versus objective mate value.

scholarly journals The impact of Mendelian sleep and circadian genetic variants in a population setting

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N Weedon ◽  
Samuel E Jones ◽  
Jacqueline Lane ◽  
Jiwon Lee ◽  
Hanna M Ollila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Sleep Phase ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
The Impact

Rare variants in ten genes have been reported to cause Mendelian sleep conditions characterised by extreme sleep duration or timing. These include familial natural short sleep (ADRB1, DEC2/BHLHE41, GRM1 and NPSR1), advanced sleep phase (PER2, PER3, CRY2, CSNK1D and TIMELESS) and delayed sleep phase (CRY1). The association of variants of these genes with extreme sleep conditions were usually based on clinically ascertained families, and their effects when identified in the population are unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of these variants on sleep traits in large population-based cohorts. We performed genetic association analysis of variants previously reported to be causal for Mendelian sleep and circadian conditions. Analyses were performed using 191,929 individuals with data on sleep and whole-exome or genome-sequence data from 4 population-based studies: UK Biobank, FINRISK, Health-2000-2001, and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We identified sleep disorders from self-report, hospital and primary care data. We estimated sleep duration and timing measures from self-report and accelerometery data. We identified carriers for 10 out of 12 previously reported pathogenic variants for 8 of the 10 genes. They ranged in frequency from 1 individual with the variant in CSNK1D to 1,574 individuals with a reported variant in the PER3 gene in the UK Biobank. We found no association of any of these variants with extreme sleep or circadian phenotypes. Using sleep timing as a proxy measure for sleep phase, only PER3 and CRY1 variants demonstrated association with earlier and later sleep timing, respectively; however, the magnitude of effect was smaller than previously reported (sleep midpoint ~7 mins earlier and ~5 mins later, respectively). We also performed burden tests of protein truncating (PTVs) or rare missense variants for the 10 genes. Only PTVs in PER2 and PER3 were associated with a relevant trait (for example, 64 individuals with a PTV in PER2 had an odds ratio of 4.4 for being "definitely a morning person", P=4x10-8; and had a 57-minute earlier midpoint sleep, P=5x10-7). Our results indicate that previously reported variants for Mendelian sleep and circadian conditions are often not highly penetrant when ascertained incidentally from the general population.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF LONELINESS AND ISOLATION AMONG PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA AND THEIR CARERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S40-S40
Author(s):  
Isla Rippon ◽  
Catherine Quinn ◽  
Anthony Martyr ◽  
Christina Victor ◽  
Fiona Mathews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Single Item ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
Ideal Study ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Population Norm ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract People with dementia and carers may be vulnerable to loneliness and isolation. The IDEAL study includes two loneliness measures: 6 item de Jong Gierveld (DJG) scale (range 0-6) and a single-item self-report measure and the six-item Lubben social network scale (range 0-30). Full data are available for 1533 people with dementia for self-rated loneliness and for 1455 for the DJG scale and 1232 and 1195 carers respectively. For isolation complete data are available for 1489 people with dementia and 1252 carers. The prevalence of severe loneliness for people with dementia were 10% (self-rated) and 5% (DJG score 5+), approximately the population norm, and 15% and 18% respectively for carers. Most people with dementia or carers did not rate themselves as lonely ((79% and 71%) compared with 65% and 39% using the DJG scale. One third, 35%, of people with dementia were at risk of isolation compared with 18% of carers.

The Relationships Among Childhood Abuse, Borderline Personality, and Self-Harm Behavior in Psychiatric Inpatients

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy A. Sansone ◽  
George A. Gaither ◽  
Douglas A. Songer
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Witnessing Violence ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Report Measure

The current study was undertaken to explore the relationships among childhood abuse subtypes (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse; witnessing violence), three diagnostic screenings for borderline personality disorder (BPD), and self-harm behavior. Psychiatric inpatients (N = 77) were evaluated for childhood abuse histories through a survey. Participants also underwent assessment for BPD using a self-report measure, clinical diagnosis, and a DSM-IV checklist. Finally, each was assessed for self-harm behavior using the 22-item Self-Harm Inventory (SHI). Compared with non-abused participants, those with abuse histories (with the exception of witnessing violence) had a significantly greater number of BPD confirmations (i.e., self-report, clinical diagnosis, DSM-IV checklist) as well as self-harm behaviors. When examining the total number of endorsed abuse subtypes, there was a significant correlation with the number of self-harm behaviors, but not the number of BPD diagnoses. Among psychiatric inpatients, childhood abuse demonstrates a complex relationship to BPD diagnoses and self-harm behavior.

scholarly journals HOW LONELY AND ISOLATED ARE OLDER PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA AND THEIR CARERS: A DYADIC ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S39-S40
Author(s):  
Christina Victor ◽  
Isla Rippon ◽  
Anthony Martyr ◽  
Fiona Mathews ◽  
Linda Clare
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dyadic Analysis ◽  
Single Item ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
Ideal Study ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Studies of loneliness and isolation have rarely explored is how these experiences are reported within couples or the wider households. The IDEAL study has collected details of loneliness, as measured by the de Jong Gierveld (DJG) scale (range 0-6) and a single-item self-report measure, and isolation, using the six-item Lubben social network scale (range 0-30) from both people with dementia and carers. Loneliness is classified into three groups: not lonely (score 0-2), moderately lonely (3-4) and severely lonely (5+) and isolation into two: not isolated (score of 13+) or isolated (12 or less). Of the 1547 people with dementia and 1283 carers interviewed at baseline we have 1089 dyads who provided complete data on loneliness and 1204 for social isolation. Loneliness ratings are congruent between 43.1% of dyads and for 67.8% for isolation highlighting the subjective evaluative nature of loneliness as compared with more objectively measured isolation.

Ready or Not: Examining Self-Reported Readiness for Behavior Change at Intake Assessment for Adults With an Eating Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-227
Author(s):  
Chloe C. Hudson ◽  
Brad A. Mac Neil
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Engagement ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Group Sessions ◽  
Report Measure

We explored whether a single-item self-report measure (i.e., the Readiness Ruler) was an appropriate measure of treatment engagement in adult outpatients with eating disorders. In total, 108 women diagnosed with an eating disorder completed the Readiness Ruler and measures of symptom severity at intake to a hospital-based outpatient treatment program. Treatment engagement was operationalized as attendance to a minimum of one session of a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment group, the number of CBT group sessions attended, and whether the participants dropped out of the CBT group prematurely. Results suggest that the Readiness Ruler was not associated with attending the CBT group. Among the participants who attended the program, the Readiness Ruler was not associated with the number of CBT group sessions attended or CBT group dropout. Higher Readiness Ruler score was associated with more severe symptomatology. In conclusion, the Readiness Ruler may not be a good predictor of CBT group treatment engagement for individuals with eating disorders and may instead be a proxy for symptom severity.

Dimensionality and Reliability Assessment of the Pain Patient Profile Questionnaire

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. McGuire ◽  
Michael J. Hogan ◽  
Todd G. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Patient ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract. Objective: To factor analyze the Pain Patient Profile questionnaire (P3; Tollison & Langley, 1995 ), a self-report measure of emotional distress in respondents with chronic pain. Method: An unweighted least squares factor analysis with oblique rotation was conducted on the P3 scores of 160 pain patients to look for evidence of three distinct factors (i.e., Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization). Results: Fit indices suggested that three distinct factors, accounting for 32.1%, 7.0%, and 5.5% of the shared variance, provided an adequate representation of the data. However, inspection of item groupings revealed that this structure did not map onto the Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization division purportedly represented by the P3. Further, when the analysis was re-run, eliminating items that failed to meet salience criteria, a two-factor solution emerged, with Factor 1 representing a mixture of Depression and Anxiety items and Factor 2 denoting Somatization. Each of these factors correlated significantly with a subsample's assessment of pain intensity. Conclusion: Results were not congruent with the P3's suggested tripartite model of pain experience and indicate that modifications to the scale may be required.

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Child Version (OCI-CV) in General Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tíscar Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Antonio Godoy ◽  
José A. Piqueras ◽  
Aurora Gavino ◽  
Agustín E. Martínez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract. Evidence-based assessment is necessary as a first step for developing psychopathological studies and assessing the effectiveness of empirically validated treatments. There are several measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or symptomatology in children and adolescents, but all of them present some limitations. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) by Foa and her colleagues has showed to be a good self-report measure to capture the dimensionality of OCD in adults and adolescents. The child version of the OCI (OCI-CV) was validated for clinical children and adolescents in 2010, showing excellent psychometric properties. The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure and invariance of the OCI-CV in the general population. Results showed a six-factor structure with one second-order factor, good consistency values, and invariance across region, age, and sex. The OCI-CV is an excellent inventory for assessing the dimensions of OCD symptomatology in general populations of children and adolescents. The invariance across sex and age warrants its utilization for research purposes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document