scholarly journals Single neuron activity predicts behavioral performance of individual animals during memory retention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fritz Strube-Bloss ◽  
Tiziano D’Albis ◽  
Randolf Menzel ◽  
Martin Paul Nawrot
Keyword(s):  
Associative Strength ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Behavioral Decision ◽  
Stable Representation ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
The Individual

AbstractIn 1972 Rescorla and Wagner formulated their model of classical Pavlovian conditioning postulating that the associative strength of a stimulus is expressed directly in the behavior it elicits1. Many biologists and psychologists were inspired by this model, and numerous experiments thereafter were interpreted assuming that the magnitude of the conditioned response (CR) reflects an associative effect at the physiological level. However, a correlation between neural activity and the expression of the CR in individual animals has not yet been reported. Here we show that, following differential odor conditioning, the change in activity of single mushroom body output neurons (MBON) of the honeybee predicts the behavioral performance of the individual during memory retention. The encoding of the stimulus-reward association at the mushroom body output occurs about 600 ms before the initiation of the CR. We conclude that the MB provides a stable representation of the stimulus-reward associative strength, and that this representation is required for behavioral decision-making during memory retention.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of side-specific odour memory in mushroom body output neurons

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1844) ◽  
pp. 20161270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin F. Strube-Bloss ◽  
Martin P. Nawrot ◽  
Randolf Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Compound Stimulus ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Stable Representation ◽  
Stimulus Side ◽  
Reward Conditioning ◽  
Output Neurons

Humans and other mammals as well as honeybees learn a unilateral association between an olfactory stimulus presented to one side and a reward. In all of them, the learned association can be behaviourally retrieved via contralateral stimulation, suggesting inter-hemispheric communication. However, the underlying neuronal circuits are largely unknown and neural correlates of across-brain-side plasticity have yet not been demonstrated. We report neural plasticity that reflects lateral integration after side-specific odour reward conditioning. Mushroom body output neurons that did not respond initially to contralateral olfactory stimulation developed a unique and stable representation of the rewarded compound stimulus (side and odour) predicting its value during memory retention. The encoding of the reward-associated compound stimulus is delayed by about 40 ms compared with unrewarded neural activity, indicating an increased computation time for the read-out after lateral integration.

scholarly journals Predictive olfactory learning in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Zhao ◽  
Yves F. Widmer ◽  
Sören Diegelmann ◽  
Mihai A. Petrovici ◽  
Simon G. Sprecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Trace Conditioning ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Olfactory Learning ◽  
Shock Strength ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Kenyon Cells ◽  
Output Neurons

AbstractOlfactory learning and conditioning in the fruit fly is typically modelled by correlation-based associative synaptic plasticity. It was shown that the conditioning of an odor-evoked response by a shock depends on the connections from Kenyon cells (KC) to mushroom body output neurons (MBONs). Although on the behavioral level conditioning is recognized to be predictive, it remains unclear how MBONs form predictions of aversive or appetitive values (valences) of odors on the circuit level. We present behavioral experiments that are not well explained by associative plasticity between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, and we suggest two alternative models for how predictions can be formed. In error-driven predictive plasticity, dopaminergic neurons (DANs) represent the error between the predictive odor value and the shock strength. In target-driven predictive plasticity, the DANs represent the target for the predictive MBON activity. Predictive plasticity in KC-to-MBON synapses can also explain trace-conditioning, the valence-dependent sign switch in plasticity, and the observed novelty-familiarity representation. The model offers a framework to dissect MBON circuits and interpret DAN activity during olfactory learning.

scholarly journals Selective dendritic localization of mRNA in Drosophila mushroom body output neurons

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Mitchell ◽  
Carlas S Smith ◽  
Josh Titlow ◽  
Nils Otto ◽  
Pieter van Velde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Specific Mrnas ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Subcellular Resolution

Memory-relevant neuronal plasticity is believed to require local translation of new proteins at synapses. Understanding this process requires the visualization of the relevant mRNAs within these neuronal compartments. Here we used single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) to localize mRNAs at subcellular resolution in the adult Drosophila brain. mRNAs for subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and kinases could be detected within the dendrites of co-labelled Mushroom Body Output Neurons (MBONs) and their relative abundance showed cell-specificity. Moreover, aversive olfactory learning produced a transient increase in the level of CaMKII mRNA within the dendritic compartments of the 52a MBONs. Localization of specific mRNAs in MBONs before and after learning represents a critical step towards deciphering the role of dendritic translation in the neuronal plasticity underlying behavioural change in Drosophila.

scholarly journals Reasoned Action Frameworks

Communication ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Yzer ◽  
Brian Southwell
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

Reasoned action frameworks, which include the Theory of Reasoned Action and its extensions, the widely used Theory of Planned Behavior and the more recent Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction, describe that intention to perform a behavior follows reasonably (but not necessarily rationally) from specific beliefs that people hold about the behavior and that people act on their intentions when they have the required skills and when situational factors do not impede behavioral performance. Reasoned action research has two broad foci. A first seeks to advance theoretical understanding of human social behavior as based on expectancy beliefs about consequences of behavioral performance. A second applies reasoned action research to development or evaluation of interventions that seek to modify a specific behavior in a particular population. The relevance of the reasoned action approach for communication scholars lies in its direct applicability to a wide range of important communication questions, including the explanation of communication as a socially relevant behavior and intra-individual processes to explain how exposure to information leads to behavior change. Although reasoned action propositions embed belief-based processes in a multilevel system of influence, the individual is nonetheless the primary level of analysis. The range of citations included in this bibliography addresses the decades-long time frame during which scholars have explicitly employed core reasoned action concepts. Beyond the introductory works, the examples presented here are illustrative rather than exhaustive, by necessity, as few other behavioral theories have generated more citations in communication research.

scholarly journals Long-term memory requires sequential protein synthesis in three subsets of mushroom body output neurons in Drosophila

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie-Kai Wu ◽  
Chu-Yi Tai ◽  
Kuan-Lin Feng ◽  
Shiu-Ling Chen ◽  
Chun-Chao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Output Neurons

scholarly journals Multimodal integration and stimulus categorization in putative mushroom body output neurons of the honeybee

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin F. Strube-Bloss ◽  
Wolfgang Rössler
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Insect Brain ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Electrophysiological Characterization ◽  
Nonlinear Integration

Flowers attract pollinating insects like honeybees by sophisticated compositions of olfactory and visual cues. Using honeybees as a model to study olfactory–visual integration at the neuronal level, we focused on mushroom body (MB) output neurons (MBON). From a neuronal circuit perspective, MBONs represent a prominent level of sensory-modality convergence in the insect brain. We established an experimental design allowing electrophysiological characterization of olfactory, visual, as well as olfactory–visual induced activation of individual MBONs. Despite the obvious convergence of olfactory and visual pathways in the MB, we found numerous unimodal MBONs. However, a substantial proportion of MBONs (32%) responded to both modalities and thus integrated olfactory–visual information across MB input layers. In these neurons, representation of the olfactory–visual compound was significantly increased compared with that of single components, suggesting an additive, but nonlinear integration. Population analyses of olfactory–visual MBONs revealed three categories: (i) olfactory, (ii) visual and (iii) olfactory–visual compound stimuli. Interestingly, no significant differentiation was apparent regarding different stimulus qualities within these categories. We conclude that encoding of stimulus quality within a modality is largely completed at the level of MB input, and information at the MB output is integrated across modalities to efficiently categorize sensory information for downstream behavioural decision processing.

scholarly journals Dynamic Circuitry for Updating Spatial Representations. III. From Neurons to Behavior

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Berman ◽  
Laura M. Heiser ◽  
Catherine A. Dunn ◽  
Richard C. Saunders ◽  
Carol L. Colby
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Double Step ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Split Brain ◽  
Lateral Intraparietal Cortex ◽  
The Difference

Each time the eyes move, the visual system must adjust internal representations to account for the accompanying shift in the retinal image. In the lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP), neurons update the spatial representations of salient stimuli when the eyes move. In previous experiments, we found that split-brain monkeys were impaired on double-step saccade sequences that required updating across visual hemifields, as compared to within hemifield. Here we describe a subsequent experiment to characterize the relationship between behavioral performance and neural activity in LIP in the split-brain monkey. We recorded from single LIP neurons while split-brain and intact monkeys performed two conditions of the double-step saccade task: one required across-hemifield updating and the other required within-hemifield updating. We found that, despite extensive experience with the task, the split-brain monkeys were significantly more accurate for within-hemifield than for across-hemifield sequences. In parallel, we found that population activity in LIP of the split-brain monkeys was significantly stronger for the within-hemifield than for the across-hemifield condition of the double-step task. In contrast, in the normal monkey, both the average behavioral performance and population activity showed no bias toward the within-hemifield condition. Finally, we found that the difference between within-hemifield and across-hemifield performance in the split-brain monkeys was reflected at the level of single-neuron activity in LIP. These findings indicate that remapping activity in area LIP is present in the split-brain monkey for the double-step task and covaries with spatial behavior on within-hemifield compared to across-hemifield sequences.

scholarly journals Drosophila ORB protein in two mushroom body output neurons is necessary for long-term memory formation

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (19) ◽  
pp. 7898-7903 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-P. Pai ◽  
C.-C. Chen ◽  
H.-H. Lin ◽  
A.-L. Chin ◽  
J. S.-Y. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Output Neurons

Structure of the recall process

1983 ◽  
Vol 302 (1110) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Individual Item ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Retrieval Cues ◽  
Major Index ◽  
The Individual

It is often appropriate to analyse memory processes at a binary level corresponding to the individual item, which may be either remembered or not. But an alternative, considered here, is to study memory for material that is explicitly multicomponent in nature. This procedure is necessary in attempting to resolve some basic issues concerning memory representation. For example, the use as retrieval cues of differing combinations of components produces differing patterns of recall, in differing quantities. How may these distributions be accounted for? Similarly, what are the effects upon memory of varying the attention paid to different components, or combinations of components? In dealing with such questions, it is useful to distinguish direct and indirect retrieval routes. This distinction can be shown to be of particular service in elucidating the relation that recall bears to the other major index of memory retention, recognition.

Deviance Regulation: A Theory of Action and Identity

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hart Blanton ◽  
Charlene Christie
Keyword(s):  
Reference Group ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Behavioral Decision Theory ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Behavioral Decision ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
The Individual

The authors propose a behavioral decision theory relevant to the maintenance of desirable identities. The theory, termed deviance regulation theory (DRT), predicts that actions translate into meaningful identities to the extent that they cause the individual to deviate from reference group norms. This straightforward proposition is used to predict the patterning of behavior across a wide array of social contexts. The authors present evidence that predictions generalize across Eastern and Western cultures and to both personal and collective identities. Finally, they show how DRT alters current theoretical assumptions about social motives and social and cultural influence, and they illustrate how it can help explain the structure of both informal and formal social forces.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document