scholarly journals Influence of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on Bacterial Population Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Taheri ◽  
Gholamreza Zarrini ◽  
Sara Torabi ◽  
Noushin Nabavi ◽  
Farid Semsarha
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Colony Counting ◽  
Population Survival

The treatment of bacterial infections and the rising challenges of antibiotics resistance are global concerns and the primary topics in basic science and clinical microbiology. In the present study, the effectiveness of treatment of selected populations of bacteria using an immaterial and non-energetic method called Fara-darmani Consciousness Field treatment is investigated. Population growth was assessed by turbidimetry, colony counting and tetrazolium chloride reduction assays in non-treated control and Fara-darmani-treated groups. Our results suggest effectiveness of the Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on reducing various types of bacterial strain growth rates (up to 46%). In addition, along with a decrease in bacterial population, evidence of increased survival can be seen in the larger healthy population (up to about 60%). Thus, in this study, we confirm the effects of the Consciousness Field on bacterial population survival. This study also warrants additional research.

scholarly journals Reassessing the Role of Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Formation ofEscherichia coliType II Persister Cells

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Goormaghtigh ◽  
Nathan Fraikin ◽  
Marta Putrinš ◽  
Thibaut Hallaert ◽  
Vasili Hauryliuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Persister Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Fluorescence

ABSTRACTPersistence is a reversible and low-frequency phenomenon allowing a subpopulation of a clonal bacterial population to survive antibiotic treatments. Upon removal of the antibiotic, persister cells resume growth and give rise to viable progeny. Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems were assumed to play a key role in the formation of persister cells inEscherichia colibased on the observation that successive deletions of TA systems decreased persistence frequency. In addition, the model proposed that stochastic fluctuations of (p)ppGpp levels are the basis for triggering activation of TA systems. Cells in which TA systems are activated are thought to enter a dormancy state and therefore survive the antibiotic treatment. Using independently constructed strains and newly designed fluorescent reporters, we reassessed the roles of TA modules in persistence both at the population and single-cell levels. Our data confirm that the deletion of 10 TA systems does not affect persistence to ofloxacin or ampicillin. Moreover, microfluidic experiments performed with a strain reporting the induction of theyefM-yoeBTA system allowed the observation of a small number of type II persister cells that resume growth after removal of ampicillin. However, we were unable to establish a correlation between high fluorescence and persistence, since the fluorescence of persister cells was comparable to that of the bulk of the population and none of the cells showing high fluorescence were able to resume growth upon removal of the antibiotic. Altogether, these data show that there is no direct link between induction of TA systems and persistence to antibiotics.IMPORTANCEWithin a growing bacterial population, a small subpopulation of cells is able to survive antibiotic treatment by entering a transient state of dormancy referred to as persistence. Persistence is thought to be the cause of relapsing bacterial infections and is a major public health concern. Type II toxin-antitoxin systems are small modules composed of a toxic protein and an antitoxin protein counteracting the toxin activity. These systems were thought to be pivotal players in persistence until recent developments in the field. Our results demonstrate that previous influential reports had technical flaws and that there is no direct link between induction of TA systems and persistence to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Role of presepsin for the evaluation of sepsis in the emergency department

2014 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Pizzolato ◽  
Marco Ulla ◽  
Claudia Galluzzo ◽  
Manuela Lucchiari ◽  
Tilde Manetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Suspected Infection

AbstractSepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock are among the most common conditions handled in the emergency department (ED). According to new Sepsis Guidelines, early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to improve survival. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels, when associated with documented or suspected infection, are now part of the definitions of sepsis. Blood culture is the gold standard method for detecting microorganisms but it requires too much time for results to be known. Sensitive biomarkers are required for early diagnosis and as indexes of prognosis sepsis. CRP is one of the acute phase proteins synthesized by the liver: it has a great sensitivity but a very poor specificity for bacterial infections. Moreover, the evolution of sepsis does not correlate with CRP plasma changes. In recent years PCT has been widely used for sepsis differential diagnosis, because of its close correlation with infections, but it still retains some limitations and false positivity (such as in multiple trauma and burns). Soluble CD14 subtype (sCD14-ST), also known as presepsin, is a novel and promising biomarker that has been shown to increase significantly in patients with sepsis, in comparison to the healthy population. Studies pointed out the capability of this biomarker for diagnosing sepsis, assessing the severity of the disease and providing a prognostic evaluation of patient outcome. In this mini review we mainly focused on presepsin: we evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic roles in patients presenting to the ED with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), suspected sepsis or septic shock.

scholarly journals Implications of Bacteriophage- and Bacteriophage Component-Based Therapies for the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Caflisch ◽  
Robin Patel
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
The Past

ABSTRACTTreatment of bacterial infections is increasingly challenged by resistance to currently available antibacterial agents. Not only are such agents less likely to be active today than they were in the past, but their very use has selected for and continues to select for further resistance. Additional strategies for the management of bacterial illnesses must be identified. In this review, bacteriophage-based therapies are presented as one promising approach. In anticipation of their potential expansion into clinical medicine, clinical microbiologists may wish to acquaint themselves with bacteriophages and their antibacterial components and, specifically, with methods for testing them. Here, we reviewed the literature spanning January 2007 to March 2019 on bacteriophage and phage-encoded protein therapies of relevance to clinical microbiology.

scholarly journals Do phenothiazines possess antimicrobial and efflux inhibitory properties?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Grimsey ◽  
Laura J V Piddock
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Phenothiazine Derivatives ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Medical Advances

ABSTRACTAntibiotic resistance is a global health concern; the rise of drug-resistant bacterial infections is compromising the medical advances that resulted from the introduction of antibiotics at the beginning of the 20th century. Considering that the presence of mutations within individuals in a bacterial population may allow a subsection to survive and propagate in response to selective pressure, as long as antibiotics are used in the treatment of bacterial infections, development of resistance is an inevitable evolutionary outcome. This, combined with the lack of novel antibiotics being released to the clinical market, means the need to develop alternative strategies to treat these resistant infections is critical. We discuss how the use of antibiotic adjuvants can minimise the appearance and impact of resistance. To this effect, several phenothiazine-derived drugs have been shown to potentiate the activities of antibiotics used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Outside of their role as antipsychotic medications, we review the evidence to suggest that phenothiazines possess inherent antibacterial and efflux inhibitory properties enabling them to potentially combat drug resistance. We also discuss that understanding their mode of action is essential to facilitate the design of new phenothiazine derivatives or novel agents for use as antibiotic adjuvants.

The optimization and application of two direct viable count methods for bacteria in distributed drinking water

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josée Coallier ◽  
Michèle Prévost ◽  
Annie Rompré ◽  
Daniel Duchesne
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Count Method ◽  
Exogenous Substrate ◽  
In Situ Conditions

The optimal incubation conditions for the direct viable count method with nalidixic acid were determined. They do not differ from those proposed in the literature for a laboratory strain and a mixed bacterial population isolated from drinking water. The direct viable count method with 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) was performed under in situ conditions. The bacteria were incubated with CTC at a concentration of 1 mM for 4–6 h at the temperature of the water in the pipes and without the addition of an exogenous substrate. The results obtained for a laboratory strain using the two direct count methods were similar. However, for a mixed bacterial population, the counts were always higher with the CTC method than with the nalidixic acid method.Key words: drinking water, CTC, nalidixic acid, direct viable count.

Antibiotics resistance in Sub Saharan Africa; literature review from 2010 – 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
A. Balala ◽  
T.G. Huong ◽  
S.G. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Published Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Sub Saharan

Antibiotics saves millions of lives in human and animal from bacterial infections, but resistance has been occurred and spreading borderless which pose health and economic problems. This study aimed to describe epidemiology (prevalence) of antibiotic resistant bacteria in human and animals and describing risk factors with strategic control efforts in Sub-Sahara Africa countries. Total 72 articles published from 2010 to 2017 were reviewed which reported on bacterium resistance to commonly-used antibiotics of different groups. Majority of isolated bacteria were highly resistant to b-lactams, Tetracycline and Sulphonamide, moderate resistant to Gentamycine and Aminoglycoside with low resistant to cephalosporin and quinolones for bacteria isolated from human while isolates from animal have high resistance to majority of antibiotic. High antibiotic resistant was associated by presence of weak/no regulation and irrational antibiotics use in Animal and Human health system, despite there is paucity of published data from central and southern African countries, lack of data sharing among laboratories and presence of few initiatives on control strategies of antimicrobial resistance while most of them are faced by resource limitations (skilled personnel, Equipments and Fund allocation). This study recommend that awareness on rational antibiotic use must be created, strong regulation to limit accessibility of antibiotics over the counter prescription, strengthening laboratory based diagnosis and surveillance, Infection control and prevention in hospitals with strong biosafety and biosecurity in animal farms are crucial. Adoption of “One Health Approach” is very important through multisectoral involvement, information sharing and networking.

scholarly journals The Search for a Practical Method for Colistin Susceptibility Testing: Have We Found It by Going Back to the Future?

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Satlin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACTPolymyxins are relied upon for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, but polymyxin resistance is increasing. Only broth microdilution is recommended for polymyxin susceptibility testing, but this method is impractical for most clinical microbiology laboratories. An article in this issue of theJournal of Clinical Microbiology(P. J. Simner, Y. Bergman, M. Trejo, A. A. Roberts, R. Marayan, T. Tekle, S. Campeau, A. Kazmi, D. Bell, S. Lewis, P. D. Tamma, R. Humphries, and J. A. Hindler, J Clin Microbiol 57:e01163-18, 2019,https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01163-18) found that colistin broth disk elution, a method that requires only colistin disks and broth, had excellent performance compared to broth microdilution for all strains exceptmcr-positiveEscherichia colistrains.

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