Preliminary Evidence on Long COVID in children

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that adult patients diagnosed with acute COVID-19 suffer from Long COVID initially described in Italy.To date, data on Long COVID in children are lacking.We assessed persistent symptoms in pediatric patients previously diagnosed with COVID-19. More than a half reported at least one persisting symptom even after 120 days since COVID-19, with 42.6% being impaired by these symptoms during daily activities. Symptoms like fatigue, muscle and joint pain, headache, insomnia, respiratory problems and palpitations were particularly frequent, as also described in adults.The evidence that COVID-19 can have long-term impact children as well, including those with asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic COVID-19, highlight the need for pediatricians, mental health experts and policy makers of implementing measures to reduce impact of the pandemic on child’s health.

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Financial Inclusion and CO2 Emissions in Asia: Implications for Environmental Sustainability

10.21203/rs.3.rs-245990/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahzad Hussain ◽

Tanveer Ahmad ◽

Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad

Keyword(s):

Carbon Emissions ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

Causality Test ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Sustainable Economic Growth ◽

The Relationship

Abstract We examine the relationship between financial inclusion and carbon emissions. For this purpose, we develop a composite indicator of financial inclusion based on a broad set of attributes through principal component analysis (PCA) for 26 countries in the Asia region. Our robust panel regression analysis reveals a significant positive long-term impact of financial inclusion on carbon emissions. The pairwise causality test reveals unidirectional long-term causality running from financial inclusion to carbon emissions. The study suggests that policy makers may design policies that integrate accessible financial systems into climate change adaptation strategies in order to neutralize the side effect of financial inclusion deteriorating environmental quality and inclusive sustainable economic growth. JEL ClassificationO16; O44, Q54

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A Longitudinal Perspective on Sustainability and Innovation Governmentality: The Case of the Olympic Games as a Mega-Event

Journal of Management Inquiry ◽

10.1177/1056492617711585 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 77-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Endrit Kromidha ◽

Laura J. Spence ◽

Stephanos Anastasiadis ◽

Darla Dore

Keyword(s):

Olympic Games ◽

Strategic Decisions ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Mega Events ◽

Innovative Methodology ◽

Structured Analysis ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Mega Event ◽

The Olympic Games

The purpose of this research is to analyze how governance is related to sustainability and innovation in mega-events over time by looking at the Olympic Games as a case study. Three main contributions are made to management research and practice. First, Foucauldian governmentality is built upon and enriched with a longitudinal perspective by following the evolution of Visibility, Techne, Episteme, and Identity analytics of governmentality. Second, an innovative methodology based on interviews, a systematic documentary review, and software-assisted thematic auto-coding for a theory-led structured analysis is applied. Third, the theoretical and empirical contribution of this study on the longitudinal aspects of governmentality over different parties and outlets of information could be used to guide practical and strategic decisions for managers and policy makers. In addition to its scholarly importance, this work is needed because mega-events can have a sustainable long-term impact, balancing legacy and innovative change.

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An approach to assess drought vulnerability with multi criteria analysis

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7556 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gyumin Lee ◽

Kyung Soo Jun ◽

Minsung Kwon

Keyword(s):

Delphi Method ◽

Topsis Method ◽

Vulnerability Factors ◽

Drought Vulnerability ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Database Construction ◽

Evaluation Approach ◽

Three Stages ◽

Long Term Impact

<p>This study is aimed to establish an approach for estimating drought vulnerability using multi criterion decision making methods. Drought has spatially wide-ranging effects, its duration is difficult to predict, and long-lasting damages. For this reason, the conversion of drought damage into an amount of money or physical quantity is difficult. Accordingly, policy makers and researchers have difficulty in securing grounds for determining countermeasures against drought disasters. Thus, to determine drought vulnerability, factors with long-term impact on social and economics need to be taken into account. The evaluation approach consisted of three stages: evaluation factor and weight identification, database construction, evaluation data and weight combination. In this study, the factors to assessing drought vulnerability was identified using Delphi method, and the drought vulnerability was determined by the TOPSIS method which is a widely used MCDM method.</p>

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Chikungunya Outbreak in Bangladesh (2017): Clinical and hematological findings

10.1101/639872 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Saeed Anwar ◽

Jarin Taslem Mourosi ◽

Fahim Khan ◽

Mohammad Ohid Ullah ◽

Olivier M. Vanakker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Sedimentation Rate ◽

Post Infection ◽

Joint Pain ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Memory Problems ◽

Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽

Hematological Analysis

AbstractA massive outbreak of Chikungunya occurred in Bangladesh during the period of April-September, 2017 and over two million people were at risk of getting infected by the virus. A prospective cohort of viremic patients was constituted and analyzed to define the clinical, hematological and long-term aspects of this outbreak. A 35-day long comprehensive survey was conducted in two major, neighboring cities, Dhaka and Mymensingh. One-hundred and eighty-seven clinically proven Chikungunya cases were enrolled in the cross-sectional cohort study. Additionally, a smaller group of 48 Chikungunya patients was monitored for post-infection effects for 12 months. Clinical data revealed that a combination of fever and arthralgia (oligoarthralgia and/or polyarthralgia) was the cardinal hallmark (97.9% of cases) of the infection. Hematological analysis showed that, irrespective of age groups, hemoglobin level significantly decreased and erythrocyte sedimentation rate remarkably increased in Chikungunya confirmed patients. However, the majority of the patients had a normal range of whole WBC and platelet counts; RBC counts for mid aged (40 – 60 years) and senior (61+ years) patients (especially in the females) were beyond the reference values. The post-infection study revealed that children had an early recovery from the infection compared to the adults. Moreover, post-infection weakness, successive relapse of arthralgic pain and memory problems were the most significant aftereffects, which had an impact on daily activities of patients. This study represents a comprehensive overview of clinical and epidemiological features of the 2017 outbreak of Chikungunya in Bangladesh as well as its chronic outcomes till the 12th month. It provides insights into the natural history of this disease which may help to improve management of the Chikungunya patients.Author summeryThe clinical profile, epidemiology and the economic impacts during the acute phase of Chikungunya infection has been studied quite rigorously. However, studies regarding the hematological features and chronic consequences are very limited. In this study, a dataset of 187 clinically proven chikungunya patients were analyzed for the clinical and hematological features at acute phase of the infection. Additionally, the long-term consequences till month 12 after the infection were studied for a smaller group of 48 patients. Clinical data revealed that a combination of fever and joint pain (arthralgia) was the cardinal hallmark in the acute phase of the infection. Hematological analysis showed that, hemoglobin levels of the patients were significantly reduced and erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased remarkably. Also, RBC counts for mid-aged and older patients were beyond the reference values. The post-infection consequence study unveiled that children recovered better from the infection compared to the adults. Further, post-infection weakness, successive relapse of joint pain and memory problems were the most significant aftereffects. Overall, the infection had moderate to severe impact on daily activities of the respondents. This study provides insights into the clinical and hematological aspects of Chikungunya infection during the acute phase as well as describes an account for its chronic outcomes which puts forward to the knowledge for clinicians and epidemiologists regarding the infection diversity and to help improved patient management.

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What are the long-term symptoms and complications of COVID-19: a protocol for a living systematic review

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.27284.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1455

Author(s):

Melina Michelen ◽

Louise Sigfrid ◽

Lakshmi Manoharan ◽

Natalie Elkheir ◽

Claire Hastie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

The Body ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Duration Of Symptoms ◽

Persistent Symptoms ◽

New Evidence

Although the majority of patients with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate symptoms and will recover fully, there is now increasing evidence that a significant proportion will experience persistent symptoms for weeks or months after the acute phase of the illness. These symptoms include, among others, fatigue, problems in breathing, lack of smell and taste, headaches, and also depression and anxiety. It has also become clear that the virus has lasting effects not only on the respiratory system but also on other parts of the body, including the heart, liver, and the nervous system. In this paper we present a protocol for a living systematic review that aims to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence and duration of symptoms and clinical features of post-acute COVID-19 and its long-term complications. The living systematic review will be updated regularly, initially monthly with update cycles under continuous review as the pace of new evidence generated develops through the pandemic. We will include studies that follow up with COVID-19 patients who have experienced persistent mild, moderate or severe symptoms, with no restrictions regarding country, setting, or language. We will use descriptive statistics to analyse the data and our findings will be presented as infographics to facilitate transcription to lay audiences. Ultimately, we aim to support the work of policy makers, practitioners, and patients when planning rehabilitation for those recovering from COVID-19. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020211131, 25/09/2020).

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Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children — a nationwide cohort study

European Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s00431-021-04345-z ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Luise Borch ◽

Mette Holm ◽

Maria Knudsen ◽

Svend Ellermann-Eriksen ◽

Soeren Hagstroem

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Chest Pain ◽

Muscle Weakness ◽

Joint Pain ◽

Response Rate ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Small Sample ◽

Control Group ◽

Respiratory Problems

AbstractMost children have a mild course of acute COVID-19. Only few mainly non-controlled studies with small sample size have evaluated long-term recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate symptoms and duration of ‘long COVID’ in children. A nationwide cohort study of 37,522 children aged 0–17 years with RT-PCR verified SARS-CoV-2 infection (response rate 44.9%) and a control group of 78,037 children (response rate 21.3%). An electronic questionnaire was sent to all children from March 24th until May 9th, 2021. Symptoms lasting > 4 weeks were common among both SARS-CoV-2 children and controls. However, SARS-CoV-2 children aged 6–17 years reported symptoms more frequently than the control group (percent difference 0.8%). The most reported symptoms among pre-school children were fatigue Risk Difference (RD) 0.05 (CI 0.04–0.06), loss of smell RD 0.01 (CI 0.01–0.01), loss of taste RD 0.01 (CI 0.01–0.02) and muscle weakness RD 0.01 (CI 0.00–0.01). Among school children the most significant symptoms were loss of smell RD 0.12 (CI 0.12–0.13), loss of taste RD 0.10 (CI 0.09–0.10), fatigue RD 0.05 (CI 0.05–0.06), respiratory problems RD 0.03 (CI 0.03–0.04), dizziness RD 0.02 (CI 0.02–0.03), muscle weakness RD 0.02 (CI 0.01–0.02) and chest pain RD 0.01 (CI 0.01–0.01). Children in the control group experienced significantly more concentration difficulties, headache, muscle and joint pain, cough, nausea, diarrhea and fever than SARS-CoV-2 infected. In most children ‘long COVID’ symptoms resolved within 1–5 months.Conclusions: Long COVID in children is rare and mainly of short duration. What is Known:• There are increasing reports on ‘long COVID’ in adults.• Only few studies have evaluated the long-term recovery from COVID-19 in children, and common for all studies is a small sample size (median number of children included 330), and most lack a control group. What is New:• 0.8% of SARS-CoV-2 positive children reported symptoms lasting >4 weeks (‘long COVID’), when compared to a control group.• The most common ‘long COVID’ symptoms were fatigue, loss of smell and loss of taste, dizziness, muscle weakness, chest pain and respiratory problems.• These ‘long COVID’ symptoms cannot be assigned to psychological sequelae of social restrictions.• Symptoms such as concentration difficulties, headache, muscle- and joint pain as well as nausea are not ‘long COVID’ symptoms.• In most cases ‘long COVID’ symptoms resolve within 1-5 months.

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Gentrification in the wake of a hurricane: New Orleans after Katrina

Urban Studies ◽

10.1177/0042098018800445 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (13) ◽

pp. 2763-2778 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eric Joseph van Holm ◽

Christopher K Wyczalkowski

Keyword(s):

Hurricane Katrina ◽

New Orleans ◽

Storm Damage ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Census Tract Level ◽

Neighbourhood Change ◽

Using Data ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The City

Hurricane Katrina struck the city of New Orleans in August of 2005, devastating the built environment and displacing nearly one-third of the city’s residents. Despite the considerable literature that exists concerning Hurricane Katrina, the storm’s long-term impact on neighbourhood change in New Orleans has not been fully addressed. In this article we analyse the potential for Hurricane Katrina to have contributed to patterns of gentrification during the city’s recovery one decade after the storm. We study the association between Hurricane Katrina and neighbourhood change using data on the damage from the storm at the census tract level and Freeman’s (2005) gentrification framework. We find that damage is positively associated with the likelihood of a neighbourhood gentrifying in New Orleans after one decade, which drives our recommendations for policy makers to take greater concern for their communities during the process of rebuilding from storm damage.

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More complaints than findings - Long-term pulmonary function in children and adolescents after COVID-19

10.1101/2021.06.22.21259273 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leona Knoke ◽

Anne Schlegtendal ◽

Christoph Maier ◽

Lynn Eitner ◽

Thomas Luecke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Diffusion Capacity ◽

Persistent Symptoms ◽

Abnormal Pulmonary Function

Background: The frequency of persistent symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults varies from 4.5% to 87%. Pulmonary function can also show long-term impairment in adults: 10% of hospitalised adults had reduced spirometry values, and 24% had decreased diffusion capacity. To date, only preliminary evidence is available on persistent respiratory sequelae in children and adolescents, therefore our objective was to examine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary function in this age group. Methods: Multiple-breath washout, body plethysmography, and diffusion capacity testing were performed after an average of 2.6 months (range 0.4-6.0) following COVID-19 in 73 children and adolescents (age 5-18 years) with different disease severity. Cases were compared to 45 controls with and without infection within six months prior to assessment after exclusion of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2). Results: Of the 19 patients (27.1%) who complained about persistent or newly emerged symptoms since COVID-19, 8 (11.4%) reported respiratory symptoms. Comparing patients with COVID-19 to controls, no significant differences were detected in frequency of abnormal pulmonary function (COVID-19: 12, 16.4%; controls: 12, 27.7%; OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.22-1.34). Only two patients with persistent respiratory symptoms showed abnormal pulmonary function. Multivariate analysis revealed reduced forced vital capacity (p=0.045) in patients with severe infection regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discussion: Pulmonary function is rarely impaired in children and adolescents after COVID-19, except of those with severe infection. The discrepancy between persistent respiratory symptoms and normal pulmonary function suggests a different underlying pathology such as dysfunctional breathing.

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Designing a Socio-Economic Impact Framework for Research Infrastructures: Preliminary Lessons from the RI-PATHS Project

The Economics of Big Science - Science Policy Reports ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-52391-6_9 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 61-70

Author(s):

Alasdair Reid

Keyword(s):

Policy Makers ◽

Horizon 2020 ◽

Impact Pathways ◽

Societal Challenges ◽

Socio Economic Impact ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Impact Framework ◽

Future Work ◽

The Impact

Abstract The Horizon 2020 funded RI-PATHS project aims at providing policy makers, funders and Research Infrastructure (RI) managers the tools to assess the impact on the RI on the economy and their contribution to resolving societal challenges, etc. The goal is to improve the understanding of the long-term impact pathways of the various types of RIs operating in Europe, and, indeed, internationally. In the following we briefly summarise the work carried out by the RI-PATHS consortium partners to mid-2019 and derive useful lessons for future work.

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