scholarly journals Evaluation of rapid antibody test and chest computed tomography results of COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ozturk ◽  
Taylan Bozok ◽  
Tugce Simsek Bozok
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Chest Ct Scan ◽  
Rapid Antibody

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread around the world. Therefore, rapid, simpler, and more accurate diagnostic tests are urgently needed to diagnose the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 IgM/ IgG rapid antibody test results in symptomatic patients with COVID-19 and their chest computed tomography (CT) data.MethodsA total of 320 patients admitted to our hospital for different durations due to COVID-19 were included in the study. Serum samples were obtained within 0 to 7 days from COVID-19 patients confirmed by RT-PCR and chest CT scan. According to the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results, the patients included in the study were divided into two groups: PCR positive group (n=46), and PCR negative group (n=274).ResultsOf the 320 COVID-19 serum samples, IgM, IgG, and IgM/IgG were detected in 9.4%, 3.1%, and 17.8% within one week respectively. IgG/IgM antibodies were not detected in 69.7% of the patients. In the study, it was determined that 249 (77.8%) of 320 patients had positive chest CT scans. Four (5.6%) of 100 patients with negative chest CT scan had IgM positive and 2 (2.8%) had both IgM/ IgG positive. IgM was detected in 23 (9.2%), IgG in 1 (0.4%) and IgM/IgG in 35 (14%) of chest CT scan positive patients. The rate of CT findings in patients with antibody positivity (n=97) was found to be significantly higher than those with antibody negativity.ConclusionsThe results of the present study show the accurate and equivalent performance of serological antibody assays and chest CT in detecting SARS-CoV-2 0 to 7 days from the onset of COVID19 symptoms. When the RT-PCR is not available, we believe that the combination of immunochromatographic test and chest CT scan can increase diagnostic sensitivity for COVID-19.

scholarly journals The utility of chest computed tomography (CT) and RT-PCR screening of asymptomatic patients for SARS-CoV-2 prior to semiurgent or urgent hospital procedures

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1375-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya S. Shah ◽  
Lara A. Walkoff ◽  
Ronald S. Kuzo ◽  
Matthew R. Callstrom ◽  
Michael J. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Tertiary Care Medical Center ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

AbstractObjective:Presently, evidence guiding clinicians on the optimal approach to safely screen patients for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to a nonemergent hospital procedure is scarce. In this report, we describe our experience in screening for SARS-CoV-2 prior to semiurgent and urgent hospital procedures.Design:Retrospective case series.Setting:A single tertiary-care medical center.Participants:Our study cohort included patients ≥18 years of age who had semiurgent or urgent hospital procedures or surgeries.Methods:Overall, 625 patients were screened for SARS-CoV-2 using a combination of phone questionnaire (7 days prior to the anticipated procedure), RT-PCR and chest computed tomography (CT) between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2020.Results:Of the 625 patients, 520 scans (83.2%) were interpreted as normal; 1 (0.16%) had typical features of COVID-19; 18 scans (2.88%) had indeterminate features of COVID-19; and 86 (13.76%) had atypical features of COVID-19. In total, 640 RT-PCRs were performed, with 1 positive result (0.15%) in a patient with a CT scan that yielded an atypical finding. Of the 18 patients with chest CTs categorized as indeterminate, 5 underwent repeat negative RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab 1 week after their initial swab. Also, 1 patient with a chest CT categorized as typical had a follow-up repeat negative RT-PCR, indicating that the chest CT was likely a false positive. After surgery, none of the patients developed signs or symptoms suspicious of COVID-19 that would indicate the need for a repeated RT-PCR or CT scan.Conclusion:In our experience, chest CT scanning did not prove provide valuable information in detecting asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in our low-prevalence population.

scholarly journals Specificity of chest computed tomography in COVID-19-associated pneumonia: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
T. A. Korb ◽  
P. V. Gavrilov ◽  
V. Yu. Chernina ◽  
I. A. Blokhin ◽  
O. O. Aleshina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
Attending Physician ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

Aim: To assess the specificity of COVID-19- associated pneumonia detection by radiologists using a chest CT scan.Materials and methods: From mid-February to early March 2020, 65  patients have been retrospectively selected from the Moscow City Clinical Hospital database; all of them had been treated in an inpatient facility with a  verified diagnosis of COVID-19. In addition, 75  patients from the Unified Radiological Information Service have been randomly selected. In December 2019, these outpatients had been sent by an attending physician for a  chest CT scan with suspected pneumonia. The imaging studies showed non-specific inflammation signs in the lungs. All 140  scans were analyzed by seven radiologists from different Russian cities, who independently categorized each study as “COVID-19” or “Other pneumonia”.Results: Chest computed tomography had a  92%  specificity in the differential diagnosis of COVID-19-associated pneumonia, and its specificity in the general population is expected to be at least 80% with a high probability. The inter-rater variability was low (coefficient of variation for specificity 12.6%). The sensitivity in our study was 76.2%, and the coefficient of variation for sensitivity 23.5%. These findings are generally consistent with other studies. The primary study limitation is the absence of a sample with confirmed pneumonia caused by other viruses.Conclusion: Chest CT is highly specific for the detection of COVID-19-associated pneumonia.

scholarly journals The Combination of Chest Computed Tomography and Standard Electrocardiogram Provides Prognostic Information and Pathophysiological Insights in COVID-19 Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3031
Author(s):  
Matteo Bertini ◽  
Emanuele D’Aniello ◽  
Alberto Cereda ◽  
Marco Toselli ◽  
Filippo Maria Verardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Vascular Phenotype ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

Aims. Several studies have unveiled the great heterogeneity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Identification of the “vascular phenotype” (involving both pulmonary parenchyma and its circulation) has prognostic significance. Our aim was to explore the combined role of chest computed tomography (CT) scan and electrocardiogram (ECG) at hospital admission in predicting short-term prognosis and to draw pathophysiological insights. Methods and Results. We analyzed the chest CT scan and ECG performed at admission in 151 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted between 20 March and 4 April 2020. All-cause mortality within 30 days was the primary endpoint. Median age was 71 years (IQR: 62–76). Severe pneumonia was present in 25 (17%) patients, and 121 (80%) had abnormal ECG. During a median follow-up of 7 days (IQR: 4–13), 54 (36%) patients died. Deceased patients had more severe pneumonia than survivors did (80% vs. 64%, p = 0.044). ECG in deceased patients showed more frequently atrial fibrillation/flutter (17% vs. 6%, p = 0.039) and acute right ventricular (RV) strain (35% vs. 10%, p < 0.001), suggesting the “vascular phenotype”. ECG signs of acute RV strain (HR 2.46, 95% CIs 1.36–4.45, p = 0.0028) were independently associated with all-cause mortality in multivariable analysis, and in the likelihood ratio test, showed incremental prognostic value over chest CT scan, age, and C-reactive protein. Conclusions. Combining chest CT scan and ECG data improves risk stratification in COVID-19 pneumonia by identifying a distinctive phenotype with both parenchymal and vascular damage of the lung. Patients with severe pneumonia at chest CT scan plus ECG signs of acute RV strain have an extremely poor short-term prognosis.

scholarly journals Chest computed tomography (CT) scan findings in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Karimian ◽  
Milad Azami
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Transformation Rule ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

AbstractObjectivesNumerous cases of pneumonia of caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in Wuhan, China. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan is highly important in the diagnosis and follow-up of lung disease treatment. The present meta-analysis was performed to evaluate chest CT findings in COVID-19 patients.Materials and MethodsAll research steps were taken according to the MOOSE protocol and the final report was based on PRISMA guidelines. Each stage of the study was conducted by two independent authors. We searched the Web of Science, Ovid, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CINAHL and Google scholar databases. The search was conducted on March 20, 2020. Grey literature was searched at medrxiv website. All analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. The adapted Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias. We registered this review at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42019127858).ResultsFinally, 40 eligible studies with 4,183 patients with COVID-19 were used for meta- analysis. The rate of positive chest CT scan in patients with COVID-19 was 94.5% (95%CI: 91.7-96.3). Bilateral lung involvement, pure ground-glass opacity (GGO), mixed (GGO pulse consolidation or reticular), consolidation, reticular, and presence of nodule findings in chest CT scan of COVID-19 pneumonia patients were respectively estimated to be 79.1% (95% CI: 70.8- 85.5), 64.9% (95%CI: 54.1-74.4), 49.2% (95%CI: 35.7-62.8), 30.3% (95%CI: 19.6-43.6), 17.0% (95%CI: 3.9-50.9) and 16.6% (95%CI: 13.6-20.2). The distribution of lung lesions in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was peripheral (70.0% [95%CI: 57.8-79.9]), central (3.9% [95%CI: 1.4-10.6]), and peripheral and central (31.1% [95%CI: 19.5-45.8]). The most common pulmonary lobes involved were right lower lobe (86.5% [95%CI: 57.7-96.8]) and left lower lobe (81.0% [95%CI: 50.5-94.7]).ConclusionOur study showed that chest CT scan has little weakness in diagnosis of COVID-19 combined to personal history, clinical symptoms, and initial laboratory findings, and may therefore serve as a standard method for diagnosis of COVID-19 based on its features and transformation rule, before initial RT-PCR screening.

Cancer surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The experience of a comprehensive cancer center performing preoperative screening by RT‐PCR and chest CT scan

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-822
Author(s):  
Joanne Guerlain ◽  
Fabienne Haroun ◽  
Alexandra Voicu ◽  
Charles Honoré ◽  
Franck Griscelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Preoperative Screening ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of accuracy and sensitivity of chest CT and RT-PCR in COVID-19 diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Khatami ◽  
Mohammad Saatchi ◽  
Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh ◽  
Zahra Sadat Aghamir ◽  
Alireza Namazi Shabestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

AbstractNowadays there is an ongoing acute respiratory outbreak caused by the novel highly contagious coronavirus (COVID-19). The diagnostic protocol is based on quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chests CT scan, with uncertain accuracy. This meta-analysis study determines the diagnostic value of an initial chest CT scan in patients with COVID-19 infection in comparison with RT-PCR. Three main databases; PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and EMBASE were systematically searched for all published literature from January 1st, 2019, to the 21st May 2020 with the keywords "COVID19 virus", "2019 novel coronavirus", "Wuhan coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "X-Ray Computed Tomography", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Reverse Transcriptase PCR", and "PCR Reverse Transcriptase". All relevant case-series, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were selected. Data extraction and analysis were performed using STATA v.14.0SE (College Station, TX, USA) and RevMan 5. Among 1022 articles, 60 studies were eligible for totalizing 5744 patients. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chest CT scan compared to RT-PCR were 87% (95% CI 85–90%), 46% (95% CI 29–63%), 69% (95% CI 56–72%), and 89% (95% CI 82–96%), respectively. It is important to rely on the repeated RT-PCR three times to give 99% accuracy, especially in negative samples. Regarding the overall diagnostic sensitivity of 87% for chest CT, the RT-PCR testing is essential and should be repeated to escape misdiagnosis.

scholarly journals The role of CT imaging for management of COVID-19 in epidemic area: early experience from a University Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram rao Bollineni ◽  
Koenraad Hans Nieboer ◽  
Seema Döring ◽  
Nico Buls ◽  
Johan de Mey
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
Chest Ct Scan ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Background To evaluate the clinical value of the chest CT scan compared to the reference standard real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in COVID-19 patients. Methods From March 29th to April 15th of 2020, a total of 240 patients with respiratory distress underwent both a low-dose chest CT scan and RT-PCR tests. The performance of chest CT in diagnosing COVID-19 was assessed with reference to the RT-PCR result. Two board-certified radiologists (mean 24 years of experience chest CT), blinded for the RT-PCR result, reviewed all scans and decided positive or negative chest CT findings by consensus. Results Out of 240 patients, 60% (144/240) had positive RT-PCR results and 89% (213/240) had a positive chest CT scans. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of chest CT in suggesting COVID-19 were 100% (95% CI: 97–100%, 144/240), 28% (95% CI: 19–38%, 27/240), 68% (95% CI: 65–70%) and 100%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the chest CT suggesting COVID-19 was 71% (95% CI: 65–77%). Thirty-three patients with positive chest CT scan and negative RT-PCR test at baseline underwent repeat RT-PCR assay. In this subgroup, 21.2% (7/33) cases became RT-PCR positive. Conclusion Chest CT imaging has high sensitivity and high NPV for diagnosing COVID-19 and can be considered as an alternative primary screening tool for COVID-19 in epidemic areas. In addition, a negative RT-PCR test, but positive CT findings can still be suggestive of COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Clinical outcomes of hemodialysis patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and impact of proactive chest computed tomography scans

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Hong He ◽  
Cong Liao ◽  
Hongtao Hu ◽  
Chun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Reactive Protein

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that first manifested in humans in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, and has subsequently spread worldwide. Methods We conducted a retrospective, single-center case series of the seven maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients infected with COVID-19 at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 13 January to 7 April 2020 and a proactive search of potential cases by chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Results Of 202 HD patients, 7 (3.5%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Five were diagnosed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) because of compatible symptoms, while two were diagnosed by RT-PCR as a result of screening 197 HD patients without respiratory symptoms by chest CT. Thirteen of 197 patients had positive chest CT features and, of these, 2 (15%) were confirmed to have COVID-19. In COVID-19 patients, the most common features at admission were fatigue, fever and diarrhea [5/7 (71%) had all these]. Common laboratory features included lymphocytopenia [6/7 (86%)], elevated lactate dehydrogenase [3/4 (75%)], D-dimer [5/6 (83%)], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [4/4 (100%)] and procalcitonin [5/5 (100%)]. Chest CT showed bilateral patchy shadows or ground-glass opacity in the lungs of all patients. Four of seven (57%) received oxygen therapy, one (14%) received noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, five (71%) received antiviral and antibacterial drugs, three (43%) recieved glucocorticoid therapy and one (14%) received continuous renal replacement therapy. As the last follow-up, four of the seven patients (57%) had been discharged and three patients were dead. Conclusions Chest CT may identify COVID-19 patients without clear symptoms, but the specificity is low. The mortality of COVID-19 patients on HD was high.

scholarly journals (F)utility of computed tomography of the chest in the presence of pleural effusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilak Pathak ◽  
Malvinder S. Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Plain Chest ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

AbstractBackgroundPleural effusion is common and can cause significant morbidity. The chest X-ray is often the initial radiological test, but additional tests may be required to reduce uncertainty and to provide additional diagnostic information. However, additional exposure and unnecessary costs should be prevented. The objective of the study was to assess the clinical benefit of an additional chest computed tomography (CT) scan over plain chest X-ray alone in the management of patients with pleural effusion.MethodsRetrospective analysis in 94 consecutive patients with pleural effusion who underwent chest X-ray and CT scan over an 18-month period in a single institution. All chest X-ray and CT scan reports were compared and correlated with clinical parameters in order to assess their utility in the clinical management. No blinding was applied.ResultsIn 75 chest CT scan reports (80 %), information provided by the radiologist did not change clinical management when compared to plain chest X-ray alone and did not provide any additional information over chest X-ray. Only 2/49 (4 %) of the native chest CT scan reports provided clinically relevant information as compared to 17/45 (38 %) contrast-enhanced chest CT scan reports (p<0.001).ConclusionsIn this retrospective cohort of patients with pleural effusion, an additional chest CT scan was not useful in the majority of patients. However, if a chest CT scan is required, then a contrast-enhanced study after pleural aspiration should be performed. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

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