scholarly journals An “In-House” ELISA for SARS-CoV-2 RBD uncovers elevated immune response at higher altitudes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Grau Rodrigo ◽  
Ploper Diego ◽  
Ávila César ◽  
Vera Pingitore Esteban ◽  
Maldonado Carolina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Antibody Titers

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) first reported in Wuhan has caused a global pandemic with dramatic health and socioeconomic consequences. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated represents a challenge for health systems that had to quickly respond developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the present work, we developed an “In House” ELISA with high sensitivity (92.2 %), specificity (100%) and precision (93.9%), with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.991, rendering the assay as an excellent serological test to correctly discriminate between SARS-COv-2 infected and non-infected individuals and study population seroprevalence. Among 758 patients evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in the province of Tucumán, Argentina, we found a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.5048 between antibodies elicited against the RBD and the nucleocapsid (N) antigen. Additionally, 33.6% of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 displayed mild levels of RBD-IgG antibodies, while 19% of the patients showed high antibody titers. Interestingly, patients with SARS-COV-2 infection over 60 years old elicited significantly higher levels of IgG antibodies against RBD compared to younger ones, while no difference was found between women and men. Surprisingly, individuals from a high altitude village displayed statistically significant higher and longer lasting anti-RBD antibodies compared to those from a city at a lower altitude, suggesting that a hypobaric hypoxia-adapted mechanism may act as a protective factor for COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the first report correlating altitude with increased humoral immune response against SARS-Cov-2 infection.

scholarly journals Elevated Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 at High Altitudes Revealed by an Anti-RBD “In-House” ELISA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Hernán Tomas-Grau ◽  
Diego Ploper ◽  
César Luis Ávila ◽  
Esteban Vera Pingitore ◽  
Carolina Maldonado Galdeano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic with dramatic health and socioeconomic consequences. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) challenges health systems to quickly respond by developing new diagnostic strategies that contribute to identify infected individuals, monitor infections, perform contact-tracing, and limit the spread of the virus. In this brief report, we developed a highly sensitive, specific, and precise “In-House” ELISA to correctly discriminate previously SARS-CoV-2-infected and non-infected individuals and study population seroprevalence. Among 758 individuals evaluated for anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology in the province of Tucumán, Argentina, we found a weak correlation between antibodies elicited against the RBD, the receptor-binding domain of the Spike protein, and the nucleocapsid (N) antigens of this virus. Additionally, we detected mild levels of anti-RBD IgG antibodies in 33.6% of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, while only 19% showed sufficient antibody titers to be considered as plasma donors. No differences in IgG anti-RBD titers were found between women and men, neither in between different age groups ranging from 18 to 60. Surprisingly, individuals from a high altitude village displayed elevated and longer lasting anti-RBD titers compared to those from a lower altitude city. To our knowledge, this is the first report correlating altitude with increased humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Effect of a booster-dose of rabies vaccine on the duration of virus neutralizing antibody titers in bovines

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avelino Albas ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Pardo ◽  
Albério Antonio Barros Gomes ◽  
Fernanda Bernardi ◽  
Fumio Honma Ito
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Antibody Titers

Humoral immune response using inactivated rabies vaccine was studied in 35 nelore cross-bred bovines of western region of São Paulo state. Ninety days after vaccination, 13 (92.8%) animals presented titers 30.5IU/ml, through mouse neutralization test. After 180 days, 9 (64.3%) sera showed titers 30.5IU/ml, after 270 days, only one (7.1%) showed a titer of 0.51IU/ml, and after 360 days, all animals showed titers < 0.5IU/ml. Group of animals receiving booster dose 30 days after vaccination presented, two months after, all with titers > 0.5IU/ml. At 180 days, 17 (80.9%) sera presented titers > 0.5IU/ml; at 270 days, 15 (71.4%), with titers 30.5IU/ml and at 360 days, 4 (19.0%), with titers 30.5IU/ml. Booster-dose ensured high levels of neutralizing antibodies for at least three months, and 240 days after revaccination, 71.4% of animals were found with titers 30.5IU/ml.

scholarly journals Bordetella pertussis Filamentous Hemagglutinin Enhances the Immunogenicity of Liposome-Delivered Antigen Administered Intranasally

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1764-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Poulain-Godefroy ◽  
Nathalie Mielcarek ◽  
Nathalie Ivanoff ◽  
Franck Remoué ◽  
Anne-Marie Schacht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Filamentous Hemagglutinin ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Suboptimal Dose ◽  
Outbred Mice ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT In an attempt to increase the immunogenicity of mucosally delivered antigens, we incorporated the Bordetella pertussisfilamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) adhesin into liposomes containing the glutathione S-transferase of Schistosoma mansoni (Sm28GST) as a model antigen. Outbred mice immunized twice intranasally with liposomes containing a constant suboptimal dose of Sm28GST and increasing doses of FHA produced anti-Sm28GST antibodies in a FHA dose-dependent manner. The addition of 3 μg of FHA to the liposomes induced more than 10-fold-higher anti-Sm28GST antibody titers, compared to those induced by liposomes without FHA. The presence of FHA did not alter the nature of the humoral immune response, and the sera contained anti-Sm28GST immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, and IgG2b. However, anti-Sm28GST IgA was only detected when at least 3 μg of FHA was added to the preparation. These results show a promising potential for FHA to enhance the immunogenicity of mucosally administered antigens incorporated into liposomes.

scholarly journals Systemic COVID-19 vaccination also enhances the humoral immune response after SARS CoV-2 infection in the population of an oncology hospital in Poland. Criteria for COVID-19 re-immunization are needed.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosiorek ◽  
Dorota Kazberuk ◽  
Anna Hryniewicz ◽  
Robert Milewski ◽  
Samuel Stróż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Hospital Laboratory ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay

Abstract Systemic vaccination of the BNT162b2 mRNA stimulates humoral response. Our study aimed to compare the intensity of humoral immune response, measured by SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralization S-RBD IgG antibodies level, post COVID-19 vaccination versus post-SARS COV-2 infection. We analysed 1060 people in the following groups: convalescents, healthy vaccinated, vaccinated with COMIRNATY, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, and vaccinated SARS CoV-2 convalescents. A concentration of SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralizing S-RBD IgG was estimated in hospital laboratory by chemiluminescent immunoassay - CLIA, MAGLUMI. Results: 1. We observed a rise of antibodies response in both convalescent SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccinated groups 2. The level of all antibodies’ concentrations in vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents was significantly higher. 3. We differentiated asymptomatic SARS CoV-2 convalescents from the control group. Based on our analysis, we suggest that it is essential to monitor SARS CoV-2 antibodies concentrations as an indicator of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and equivalent to the effectiveness of humoral response in convalescents and vaccinated people. Considering the time-limited nature of the effects of post-infection SARS CoV-2 recovery or vaccination, among others physiological half-life, we suggested monitoring IgG antibodies level as a criterium for the next vaccination.

scholarly journals Systemic COVID-19 vaccination also enhances the humoral immune response after SARS CoV-2 infection in the population of an oncology hospital in Poland. Criteria for COVID-19 re-immunization are needed.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosiorek ◽  
Dorota Kazberuk ◽  
Anna Hryniewicz ◽  
Robert Milewski ◽  
Samuel Stróż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽  
Oncology Center

Abstract Systemic vaccination of the BNT162b2 mRNA stimulates humoral response. The aim of our study was to compare the intensity of humoral immune response, measured by SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralization S-RBD IgG antibodies level, post COVID-19 vaccination versus post SARS COV-2 infection. We analysed 1060 people in the following groups: convalescents, healthy vaccinated, vaccinated with COMIRNATY, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson&Johnson and vaccinated SARS CoV-2 convalescents. A concentration of SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralizing S-RBD IgG was estimated in Bialystok Oncology Center laboratory by chemiluminescent immunoassay- CLIA, MAGLUMI. Results: 1. We observed a raise of antibodies response in both, convalescent SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccinated groups 2. The level of all antibodies’ concentrations in vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents was significantly higher. 3. We differentiated an asymptomatic SARS CoV-2 convalescents from control group. Based on our analysis we suggest that it is important to monitor SARS CoV-2 antibodies concentrations as an indicator of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, and as an equivalent of effectiveness of humoral response in convalescents and vaccinated people. Taking into consideration the time-limited nature of the effects of post infection SARS CoV-2 recovery or vaccination, among others physiological half-life, we suggested monitoring IgG antibodies level as a criterium for next vaccination.

scholarly journals Systemic COVID-19 vaccination also enhances the humoral immune response after SARS CoV-2 infection. An approach to criteria for COVID-19 re-immunization is needed. Do we need a third dose?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosiorek ◽  
Dorota Kazberuk ◽  
Anna Hryniewicz ◽  
Robert Milewski ◽  
Samuel Stróż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽  
Oncology Center

Abstract Systemic vaccination of the BNT162b2 mRNA stimulates humoral response. The aim of our study was to compare the intensity of humoral immune response, measured by SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralization S-RBD IgG antibodies level, post COVID-19 vaccination versus post SARS COV-2 infection. We analysed 1060 people in the following groups: convalescents, healthy vaccinated, vaccinated with COMIRNATY, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson&Johnson and vaccinated SARS CoV-2 convalescents. A concentration of SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralizing S-RBD IgG was estimated in Bialystok Oncology Center laboratory by chemiluminescent immunoassay- CLIA, MAGLUMI. Results: 1. We observed a raise of antibodies response in both, convalescent SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccinated groups 2. The level of all antibodies’ concentrations in vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents was significantly higher. 3. We differentiated an asymptomatic SARS CoV-2 convalescents from control group. Based on our analysis we suggest that it is important to monitor SARS CoV-2 antibodies concentrations as an indicator of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, and as an equivalent of effectiveness of humoral response in convalescents and vaccinated people. Taking into consideration the time-limited nature of the effects of post infection SARS CoV-2 recovery or vaccination, among others physiological half-life, we suggested monitoring IgG antibodies level as a criterium for next vaccination.

scholarly journals Suboptimal Humoral Immune Response against Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Is Related to Its Internal Genes

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Y. Lee ◽  
Houshun Zhu ◽  
Anna J. X. Zhang ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Pui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
H7n9 Virus ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers

ABSTRACTInfluenza A(H7N9) virus pneumonia is associated with a high case fatality rate in humans. Multiple viral factors have been postulated to account for the high virulence of the virus. It has been reported that patients with influenza A(H7N9) virus infection have relatively low titers of neutralizing antibodies compared to those with seasonal influenza virus infections. In this study, we compared serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) antibody titers of mice challenged with wild-type A(H7N9) viruses [H7N9(Anhui) and H7N9(Zhejiang)], an A(H1N1)pdm09 virus [pH1N1(2009)], and a recombinant A(H7N9) virus with PR8/H1N1 internal genes (rg-PR8-H7-N9). All mice infected by H7N9(Anhui) and H7N9(Zhejiang) developed serum HI antibodies at 14 days postinfection (dpi) but no detectable MN antibodies, even at 28 dpi. A low level of neutralizing activity was detected in H7N9(Anhui)- and H7N9(Zhejiang)-infected mice using fluorescent focus MN assay, but convalescent-phase serum samples obtained from H7N9(Anhui)-infected mice did not reduce the mortality of naive mice after homologous virus challenge. Reinfection with homologous A(H7N9) virus induced higher HI and MN titers than first infection. In contrast, pH1N1(2009) virus infection induced robust HI and MN antibody responses, even during the first infection. Moreover, rg-PR8-H7-N9 induced significantly higher HI and MN antibody titers than H7N9(Zhejiang). In conclusion, the internal genes of A(H7N9) virus can affect the humoral immune response against homologous viral surface proteins, which may also contribute to the virulence of A(H7N9) virus.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Virus Infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Jin Yoon ◽  
Jeffrey J. Zimmerman ◽  
Sabrina L. Swenson ◽  
Michael J. McGinley ◽  
Ken A. Eernisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Prrs Virus ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Rate Of Decline

The development of the humoral immune response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus was monitored by an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test, immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum virus neutralization (SVN) test over a 105-day period in 8 pigs experimentally infected with ATCC strain VR-2402. Specific antibodies against PRRS virus were first detected by the IFA test, IPMA, ELISA, and the SVN test 9-11, 5-9, 9-13, and 9-28 days postinoculation (PI), respectively, and reached their maximum values by 4-5, 5-6, 4-6, and 10-11 weeks PI, respectively, thereafter. After reaching maximum value, all assays showed a decline in antibody levels. Assuming a constant rate of antibody decay, it was estimated by regression analysis that the ELISA, IFA, IPMA, and SVN antibody titers would approach the lower limits of detection by approximately days 137, 158, 324, and 356 PI, respectively. In this study, the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay appeared to offer slightly better performance relative to the IFA test, ELISA, and SVN test in terms of earlier detection and slower rate of decline in antibody titers. Western immunoblot analysis revealed that antibody specific for the 15-kD viral protein was present in all pigs by 7 days PI and persisted throughout the 105-day observation period. Initial detection of antibodies to the 19-, 23-, and 26-kD proteins varied among pigs, ranging from 9 to 35 days PI. Thereafter, the antibody responses to these 3 viral proteins of PRRS virus continued to be detected throughout the 105-day study period. These results clearly indicate that the 15-kD protein is the most immunogenic of the 4 viral proteins identified and may provide the antigenic basis for the development of improved diagnostic tests for the detection of PRRS virus antibodies.

scholarly journals T Cell Mediated Antibody lnvariance in an Immune Response Against A Bacterial Carbohydrate Antigen Requires CD28/B7–1 Costimulation

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 243-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Rademaekers ◽  
Eckehart Kölsch ◽  
Christoph Specht
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

The humoral immune response againstα(1→3)dextran (Dex) in BALB/c mice is characterized by the formation of predominantly IgM antibodies bearing the J558 idiotype. IgG antibodies do not appear in euthymic mice. In athymic animals however, the response proceeds to a vigorous IgG production. In euthymic mice formation of IgG is suppressed by J558 idiotype- specific regulatory T cells recognizing in association with I-Edand in cognate T/B interaction the VH CDR3 derived peptide of the J558 idiotpye. Only B-2 lymphocytes produce IgG whereas B-1 cells do not participate in the production of this Ig class. Using a novel synthetic allα(1→3)-D-gluco configurated tetrasaccharide the Dex-specific B cells can for the first time be analyzed in FACS. In experiments using this newly designed low molecular Dex no signs of B cell apoptosis can be found. This demonstrates a true silencing of persisting Bγ memory cells and supports previous by adoptive transfer experiments. In this suppression an involvement of CD28/B7–1 interaction can be demonstrated which is a necessary costimulatory suppression signal in addition to the cognate TCR/peptide-I-Edinteraction between J558 Id-specific T cells and J558 idiotype beating B cells. This results in an activation of 178–4 Ts cells, leading to an overall suppression of the Dex-specific IgG isotype production on the one hand and on the other hand provides a signal for the survival and clonal expansion of J558 Id-positive B cells.

scholarly journals Dynamic landscape mapping of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 identifies non-structural protein antibodies associated with the survival of critical COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Cheng ◽  
Xiaomei Zhang ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Global Correlation

AbstractA comprehensive analysis of the humoral immune response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential in understanding COVID-19 pathogenesis and developing antibody-based diagnostics and therapy. In this work, we performed a longitudinal analysis of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 proteins in 104 serum samples from 49 critical COVID-19 patients using a peptide-based SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray. Our data show that the binding epitopes of IgM and IgG antibodies differ across SARS-CoV-2 proteins and even within the same protein. Moreover, most IgM and IgG epitopes are located within nonstructural proteins (nsps), which are critical in inactivating the host’s innate immune response and enabling SARS-CoV-2 replication, transcription, and polyprotein processing. IgM antibodies are associated with a good prognosis and target nsp3 and nsp5 proteases, whereas IgG antibodies are associated with high mortality and target structural proteins (Nucleocapsid, Spike, ORF3a). The epitopes targeted by antibodies in patients with a high mortality rate were further validated using an independent serum cohort (n = 56) and using global correlation mapping analysis with the clinical variables that are associated with COVID-19 severity. Our data provide fundamental insight into humoral immunity during SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 immunogenic epitopes identified in this work could also help direct antibody-based COVID-19 treatment and triage patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document