scholarly journals Day Camp in the Time of COVID-19: What Went Right?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Nachman ◽  
Gabrielle Brauner ◽  
Aviva Beleck ◽  
Andrew S. Handel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
Secondary Spread ◽  
Low Level

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether a successful camp experience can be achieved with implementation of COVID-19 education, screening and hygiene protocols, and designated cohorts during the summer of 2020.Study DesignA survey study of summer day camp directors in the metro-New York area was conducted in September, 2020. The survey inquired about camper demographics, COVID-10 related policies, and the number of COVID-19 cases and exposures at each camp.ResultsResponses were received from 77% (23/30) of camp directors at the completion of the 2020 summer. There were 8,480 camper children and 3,698 staff across the 23 camps surveyed. A variety of precautions were taken to limit COVID-19 incidence among campers and staff, most often including COVID-19 screening at entry, cohorting campers, maximizing outdoor activities, mandating mask use when indoors, and frequent hand sanitizing. Six staff and one camper tested positive for COVID-19. There was no secondary spread within the staff or campers in any of the camps.ConclusionCamps successfully stayed open in the summer of 2020. The low level of COVID-19 in the community was critical to the initial success of camp opening. Policies that were consistent and maintained among the camps helped prevent further spread.

Examining Terrain Effects on an Upstate New York Tornado Event Utilizing a High-Resolution Model Simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke J. LeBel ◽  
Brian H. Tang ◽  
Ross A. Lazear
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Streamwise Vorticity ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Severe Convection ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe complex terrain at the intersection of the Mohawk and Hudson valleys of New York has an impact on the development and evolution of severe convection in the region. Specifically, previous research has concluded that terrain-channeled flow in the Mohawk and Hudson valleys likely contributes to increased low-level wind shear and instability in the valleys during severe weather events such as the historic 31 May 1998 event that produced a strong (F3) tornado in Mechanicville, New York.The goal of this study is to further examine the impact of terrain channeling on severe convection by analyzing a high-resolution WRF model simulation of the 31 May 1998 event. Results from the simulation suggest that terrain-channeled flow resulted in the localized formation of an enhanced low-level moisture gradient, resembling a dryline, at the intersection of the Mohawk and Hudson valleys. East of this boundary, the environment was characterized by stronger low-level wind shear and greater low-level moisture and instability, increasing tornadogenesis potential. A simulated supercell intensified after crossing the boundary, as the larger instability and streamwise vorticity of the low-level inflow was ingested into the supercell updraft. These results suggest that terrain can have a key role in producing mesoscale inhomogeneities that impact the evolution of severe convection. Recognition of these terrain-induced boundaries may help in anticipating where the risk of severe weather may be locally enhanced.

Contrasting profiles of product returners and keepers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Post Purchase ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Study Offer

Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether the consumers who return a product and those who end up keeping a product after experiencing post-purchase dissonance (PPD) possess distinct underlying characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Field survey study consisting of two separate surveys conducted with consumers of New York City and neighboring areas of New York and New Jersey. Findings Product returners and keepers exhibited disparate demographic profiles regarding gender and household income, along with ethnicity to some extent. The two groups also exhibited different predispositions with regard to confidence in the purchase decision and expectations about their purchase. Finally, returners and keepers were engaged in divergent thoughts, feelings and activities to cope with PPD. Practical implications The findings of this study offer marketing practitioners new knowledge and insight into understanding product returners and keepers and will assist them in developing strategies to reduce and manage increasing product returns by consumers more effectively. Originality/value This study is the first to present empirical evidence that product returners and keepers have distinct profiles of demographic characteristics and predispositions toward purchase. The study also has found divergent PPD coping strategies used by the two types of consumers, which exposes an obsolete understanding of PPD in the marketing literature.

Deliberation, demobilization, and limited empowerment: a survey study on participatory pricing in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Qin ◽  
Baogang He
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Public Deliberation ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Negative Impact

AbstractAuthoritarian deliberation has been used widely to describe the specific form of deliberation developed in China. However, whether its practice will strengthen authoritarianism or lead to democratization remains unknown. In this study, we examine this question from the perspective of participants in public deliberation. Surveying the participants in participatory pricings held in Shanghai over the past 5 years, we find that participants’ perception of deliberative quality has a statistically significant negative impact on their level of political activism, while their level of empowerment has a moderating effect on this negative relationship. In this light, Chinese deliberative practices characterized by high-quality deliberation and low-level empowerment are likely to have a demobilization effect; thus, they reinforce the authoritarian rules.

scholarly journals Low-level rifampin resistance and rpoB mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An analysis of whole-genome sequencing and drug susceptibility test data in New York

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Shea ◽  
Tanya A. Halse ◽  
Donna Kohlerschmidt ◽  
Pascal Lapierre ◽  
Herns A. Modestil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Indicator Tube

Rapid and reliable detection of rifampin (RIF) resistance is critical for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant and multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. Discordant RIF phenotype/genotype susceptibility results remain a challenge due to the presence of rpoB mutations which do not confer high levels of RIF resistance as have been exhibited in strains with mutations such as Ser450Leu. These strains, termed low-level RIF resistant, exhibit elevated RIF minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) compared to fully susceptible strains, however remain phenotypically susceptible by mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) testing and have been associated with poor patient outcomes. Here we assess RIF resistance prediction by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) among a set of 1779 prospectively tested strains by both prevalence of rpoB gene mutation and phenotype as part of routine clinical testing during a 21/2-year period. During this time, 139 strains were found to have nonsynonymous rpoB mutations, 53 of which were associated with RIF resistance, including both low-level and high-level resistance. Resistance to RIF (1.0 μg/mL in MGIT) was identified in 43 (81.1%) isolates. The remaining 10 (18.9%) strains were susceptible by MGIT, however were confirmed to be low-level RIF resistant by MIC testing. Full rpoB gene sequencing overcame the limitations of critical concentration phenotyping, probe-based genotyping, and partial-gene sequencing methods. Universal clinical WGS with concurrent phenotypic testing provided a more complete understanding of the prevalence and type of rpoB mutations and their association with RIF resistance in New York.

scholarly journals Infertility treatment and autism risk using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
S L Robinson ◽  
T Parikh ◽  
T Lin ◽  
E M Bell ◽  
E Heisler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
New York State ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infertility Treatment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
York State

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Are toddlers conceived by fertility treatment at higher risk of failing a screening tool for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than toddlers not conceived by treatment? SUMMARY ANSWER Compared with children not conceived by infertility treatment, children conceived by any infertility treatment, ovulation induction with or without intrauterine insemination (OI/IUI), or assisted reproductive technologies (ART) appeared to have had higher odds of failing an ASD screening; however, results were inconclusive and need replication. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although most of the studies which have examined risk of ASD after ART show no association, the results are mixed. Thus, further studies are needed to clarify this association. STUDY DESIGN SIZE, DURATION The Upstate KIDS Study is a population-based, prospective cohort study of children born in New York State between 2008 and 2010. Children were screened for ASD using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) at ages 18 and 24 months. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, AND METHODS The New York State live-birth registry was used to identify newborns conceived with and without fertility treatment with a 1:3 ratio, frequency matched on region of birth. At 18 and 24 months, 3183 and 3063 mothers, respectively, completed the M-CHAT questionnaire. The current analysis included 2586 singletons and 1296 twins with M-CHAT information at 18 and/or 24 months. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to estimate odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjustment for covariates such as maternal age, education and plurality. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found that 200 (5.2%) and 115 (3.0%) children failed the M-CHAT at 18 and 24 months, respectively. The associations between use of infertility treatment and failing the M-CHAT at 18 and/or 24 months were positive but inconclusive as they failed to exclude no association (18 months aOR 1.71, 95% CI: 0.81–3.61; 24 months aOR 1.78, 95% CI: 0.66–4.81; and both 18 and 24 months aOR 1.53, 95% CI: 0.78–2.99). The relationships between OI/IUI and ART with M-CHAT failure at 18 and/or 24 months were similar to those of using any fertility treatment. In vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection was not consistently positively or inversely associated with M-CHAT failure at each time point (18 months aOR 1.20, 95% CI: 0.51–2.83; 24 months aOR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.37–2.31; and both 18 and 24 months aOR 1.09, 95% CI: 0.50–2.60). LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION The M-CHAT is a screening tool used for ASD risk assessment, and therefore, M-CHAT failure does not indicate ASD diagnosis. In addition, we did not have power to detect associations of small magnitude. Finally, non-response to follow-up may bias the results. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Despite lack of precision, the positive associations between ART and M-CHAT failure suggest that larger population-based studies with longer follow-up are needed. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD; contracts HHSN275201200005C, HHSN267200700019C). The sponsor played no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis or interpretation, writing of the manuscript or decision to submit the article for publication. There are no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.

Links between Employment and Crime: A Qualitative Study of Rikers Island Releasees

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Sviridoff ◽  
James W. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Drug Sales ◽  
Unemployment And Crime ◽  
Before And After

This paper examines relationships between employment and crime experiences of sixty-one adult, male misdemeanants interviewed shortly before and after their release from New York City's Rikers Island correctional facility. For many misdemeanants, low-level employment and crime were not mutually exclusive. Some alternated between periods of employment and periods of crime. Others used income from crime as a supplement to income from employment. Still others used income from employment as an economic stake for drug sales or other illegitimate econormc activity. The overwhelming majority of respondents were not employed at the time of the arrest that led to their current incarceration. Various reported combinations of employment and crime involvement, however, were far more complex than the simple correspondence between unemployment and crime that had initially been anticipated.

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