scholarly journals Development of an oral swab based microbiome test for the detection of feline dental disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Kao ◽  
Julie Yang ◽  
Sean Nisperos ◽  
Norma Drew ◽  
Polina Berezovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Tooth Resorption ◽  
Health Test ◽  
Dental Conditions

Variations in the microbial composition of the mouth (the oral microbiome) have known associations with dental and systemic disease. While this is relatively well understood in humans, research on this topic in companion animals, and in cats in particular, has been limited. In this study, we used oral microbiome data obtained from shotgun metagenomic sequencing of 38,000 cats (data gathered through a direct-to-consumer cat DNA testing platform) to reveal the staggering diversity of the feline oral microbiome, identifying 8,344 microbial species across the entire cohort. We used a subset of these data points (6,110 cats) to develop a feline dental health test able to assess whether a cat is at risk of having periodontal disease, tooth resorption and halitosis based on their oral microbiome. After filtering out classified microbial reads with low abundance, we were able to detect, on average, 606 microbes per oral microbiome sample, identifying not just bacteria, but also viruses, fungi, archaea and protozoa. Due to the shortage of available published research on the microbial signature of tooth resorption and halitosis in cats, we used our periodontal disease feline cohort (n=570) to validate our approach. We observed microbial compositional abundance trends consistent with previously reported findings from feline, canine and human studies on periodontal disease. We used compositional abundance-based statistical methods relying on pairwise log-ratio (PLR) transformation to identify microbes significantly correlated with each of the three dental conditions of interest. We identified a set of 27 microbes that are predictive for all three dental conditions, as well as microbes specifically predictive of periodontal disease, tooth resorption or halitosis. We used the compositional abundance profiles of predictive microbes to develop a risk score based model assessing the probability that a cat is suffering from each of the three dental conditions. The model had highest sensitivity for halitosis (72%) and highest specificity for tooth resorption (78%). Lastly, we observed relatively consistent dental disease risk profiles when we compared data from sample collection methods targeting the whole mouth versus those targeting the gum line specifically. In contrast, samples collected in triplicates from the same cats using a sampling method targeting the whole mouth showed more variation in the generated risk profiles. This was likely due to a failure to consistently collect sufficient sample material from areas of the mouth where microbes relevant to dental pathology would be found in highest amounts (i.e., the gum line). For this reason, we have modified the instructions of the test to emphasize the importance of targeting the gum line during sample collection. Regular at home or in clinic screening with the feline dental health test described in this study has the potential to facilitate early detection and prevention of dental disease.

Routine six-monthly checks for dental disease?

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (18) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reduce Sugar ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Monthly Visit ◽  
Dramatic Fall

The six-monthly visit to the dentist is a traditional ideal to which many people aspire. The NHS regulations recognise this tradition and allow payment of dentists for performing six-monthly examinations, although they do not recommend this frequency. The past 15 years have seen a dramatic fall in the incidence of dental caries among children in most developed countries - by about 35% in the UK.1,2 As a result the value of six-monthly checks for caries and periodontal disease has been increasingly questioned. If less frequent visits to the dentist are just as good, the doctor’s advice to reduce sugar intake will become even more important for dental health. This article first considers checks for caries and then for periodontal disease.

Periodontopathogens: a new view. Systematic review. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
E. S. Slazhneva ◽  
E. A. Tikhomirova ◽  
V. G. Atrushkevich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past

Relevance. The modern view of periodontitis as a dysbiotic disease that occurs as a result of changes in the microbial composition of the subgingival region is considered in a systematic review.Purpose. To study a new paradigm of development of generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected for the study, including cluster RCTS, controlled (non-randomized) microbiological and clinical studies of the oral microbiome in adult patients with generalized periodontitis over the past 10 years.Results. The transition from a symbiotic microflora to a dysbiotic pathogenic community triggers the host's inflammatory response, which contributes to the development of periodontal diseases. Modern ideas about periodontal pathogenic bacteria dictate new requirements for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The second part of the review examines the microbial profiles of periodontal disease in various nosological forms, the mechanisms of the immune response and approaches to the treatment of periodontal disease from the perspective of biofilm infection.Conclusions. As follows from modern literature periodontitis is to a certain extent caused by the transition from a harmonious symbiotic bacterial community to a dysbiotic one. Recent scientific studies have shown that not single microorganism is not able to cause disease but the microbial community as a whole leads to the development of pathology.

scholarly journals Bedtime Oral Hygiene Behaviours, Dietary Habits and Children’s Dental Health

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
George Kitsaras ◽  
Michaela Goodwin ◽  
Michael P. Kelly ◽  
Iain A. Pretty
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
General Anaesthetic ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Bedtime Routine

Background: Oral hygiene behaviours as well as dietary habits before bed can affect children’s dental health resulting in higher prevalence of dental disease. Dental disease can affect children’s health, development and even school performance. If left untreated, dental disease can progress and it can lead to extractions under general anaesthetic causing further distress for children and families. Consistent and appropriate oral hygiene behaviours and dietary habits can prevent dental diseases from occurring in the first place. Objective: This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between oral hygiene behaviours, dietary habits around bedtime and children’s dental health. Methods: A total of 185 parents with children between the ages of 3 and 7 years from deprived areas participated in the study. Data on bedtime routine activities were collected using an automated text-survey system. Children’s dental health status was established through examination of dental charts and dmft (decayed, missed, filled teeth) scores. Results: In total, 52.4% of parents reported that their children’s teeth were brushed every night. The majority of children (58.9%) had dmft scores over zero. In total, 51 (46.7% of children with dmft score over 0 and 27.5% of all children) children had active decay. The mean dmft score for those experiencing decay was 2.96 (SD = 2.22) with an overall mean dmft score of 1.75 (SD = 2.24). There were significant correlations between frequency of tooth brushing, frequency of snacks/drinks before bed and dmft scores (r = −0.584, p < 0.001 and r = 0.547, p = 0.001 respectively). Finally, higher brushing frequency was associated with a lower likelihood of a dmft score greater than 0 (Exp(B) = 0.9). Conclusions: Despite families implementing oral hygiene behaviours as part of their bedtime routines those behaviours varied in their consistency. Results of this study highlight the need for additional studies that consider bedtime routine-related activities and especially the combined effects of oral hygiene practices and dietary habits due to their potentially important relationship with children’s dental health.

scholarly journals Is There a Link between Oropharyngeal Microbiome and Schizophrenia? A Narrative Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Stanislas Martin ◽  
Audrey Foulon ◽  
Wissam El Hage ◽  
Diane Dufour-Rainfray ◽  
Frédéric Denis
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The study aimed to examine the impact of the oropharyngeal microbiome in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and to clarify whether there might be a bidirectional link between the oral microbiota and the brain in a context of dysbiosis-related neuroinflammation. We selected nine articles including three systemic reviews with several articles from the same research team. Different themes emerged, which we grouped into 5 distinct parts concerning the oropharyngeal phageome, the oropharyngeal microbiome, the salivary microbiome and periodontal disease potentially associated with schizophrenia, and the impact of drugs on the microbiome and schizophrenia. We pointed out the presence of phageoma in patients suffering from schizophrenia and that periodontal disease reinforces the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, saliva could be an interesting substrate to characterize the different stages of schizophrenia. However, the few studies we have on the subject are limited in scope, and some of them are the work of a single team. At this stage of knowledge, it is difficult to conclude on the existence of a bidirectional link between the brain and the oral microbiome. Future studies on the subject will clarify these questions that for the moment remain unresolved.

scholarly journals Restoration of oral health as one of the important factors improving the quality of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
N. Zhachko ◽  
◽  
T. Nespriad’ko-Monborgne ◽  
I. Skrypnyk ◽  
M. Zhachko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Summary: The search for and development of methods for determining the quality of life is an urgent problem of foreign and domestic medicine, and the state of dental health plays a very important role. An important role in human communication plays the maxillofacial area. Therefore, the most important areas and defects associated with the communication process – defects in the frontal area, smile, change of pronunciation, spitting during the conversation – all these signs accompany a number of anomalous processes. Objective: to assess the impact of dental status on the quality of life of the adult population in the presence of the disease periodontal disease in combination with musculoskeletal dysfunction in patients with dental anomalies and deformities. Materials and methods. To study this goal, a survey of 283 patients who applied was conducte with complaints of aesthetic defect of the dentition, combined with the presence of joint pain and periodontal disease of varying severity. Results. A complete analysis of factors that significantly affected the quality of life of patients with a number of diseases was obtained oral cavity. Conclusions. Deficiencies related to oral health reduce the quality of life of our patients, and the treatment significantly changes its quality depending on age, sex and method. But for the best results positive changes in the quality of life of the patient dentists can expect only by conducting a comprehensive treatment. Key words: quality of life, dental health correction.

scholarly journals Quality of Life and Health for Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeehee Pyo ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Mina Lee ◽  
Minsu Ock
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Health Related Qol ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background: Disease burden created by periodontal disease has been recognized as a global challenge. The burden of medical expenses is expected to increase continuously, parallel to the growth of the elderly population. Periodontal disease causes tooth loss if not treated early, and advanced periodontitis can cause a decline in chewing ability and word pronunciation as well as aesthetic function. These results diminish the health-related quality of life (QOL) for various populations, particularly the elderly, adults, pregnant women, and workers. Thus, not only is early detection and management of the disease necessary, but also a systematic strategy for the prevention of periodontal diseaseMethods: Adults 19 years of age or older diagnosed with chronic gingivitis (K05.1) or chronic periodontitis (K05.3) under the ICD-10 codes were selected to participate in the study. Among the patients visiting the dental outpatient department, the study participants were chosen for our sample. A total of 20 participants were informed of the purpose of the study and gave consent to participate in in-depth interviews.Results: The analysis results were summarized into the four upper categories of ‘Interfering Element for Dental Care,’ ‘Declined Quality of Life caused by Dental Disease,’ ‘Satisfaction Elements after Treatment of Dental Disease,’ ‘Improvements for Voluntary Dental Care.’ The treatment of periodontal disease has improved the health-related quality of life and enabled the participants to have positive health behaviors for dental care. Furthermore, they recognized the severity of periodontal disease and the importance of dental examinations. It enabled them to be aware of the need of societal effort for dental care awareness.Conclusions: This study was an in-depth examination of the health-related QOL of periodontal patients through qualitative research methodology. The experiences of periodontal disease identified by this study can not only help to assess the adequacy of the current dental health-related QOL assessment tools but also recognize unmet needs regarding periodontal disease and, ultimately, to raise the awareness of periodontal disease among the general public. Based on this research, we expect that research on health-related QOL on periodontal disease would expand and revitalize the dental health system and practices.

Type 2 diabetes and risk for periodontal disease: a role for dental health awareness

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 408-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jansson ◽  
E. Lindholm ◽  
C. Lindh ◽  
L. Groop ◽  
G. Bratthall
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Health Awareness

scholarly journals Population-Based Estimation of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease Rates of Gravid and Recently Postpartum Women in Lilongwe, Malawi

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. e268-e274
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Antony ◽  
Peter N. Kazembe ◽  
Ryan M. Pace ◽  
Judy Levison ◽  
Jesse Mlotha-Namarika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Dmf Index ◽  
Health Organization

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the rate of dental caries and periodontal disease among gravid and recently postpartum women at five delivery centers within and surrounding Lilongwe, Malawi. Study Design We partnered with obstetric specialists, community health workers, and dentists to perform dental history interviews and dental examinations during the study period from December 2012 to May 2014. Dental examinations were performed according to World Health Organization standards to assess periodontal and oral health status. Results Among the 387 gravid and recently postpartum women, the rate of dental caries was 69.3% and the rate of composite dental disease (caries and periodontal disease) was 76.7%. The majority (69.5%) of women examined had a decayed-missing-filled (DMF) index greater than or equal to one; the average DMF Index was 2.48. The majority of women had never seen a dentist (62.8%). However, most did perform oral hygiene, two or more times per day (90.2%); most women reported brushing with toothpaste (88.1%). Conclusion When assessing this population for dental caries and periodontal disease, the rate of dental disease was high. Therefore, this may be an ideal setting to test for impactful interventions aimed at reducing caries and periodontal disease.

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