scholarly journals Psychosocial family-level mediators in the intergenerational transmission of trauma: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Mew ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Jessica Bonumwezi ◽  
Vanessa Blas ◽  
Hannah Gorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Trauma ◽  
Causal Diagram ◽  
Transmission Of Trauma ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Psychosocial factors within the family appear to play a critical role in mediating the intergenerational transmission of trauma; however, there has yet to be a review article that quantitatively synthesizes causal mechanisms across a diversity of trauma-types. This study aims to systematically consolidate the epidemiological research on family-level psychosocial mediators and moderators to ultimately produce causal diagram(s) in the intergenerational transmission of trauma. Methods and analysis: We will identify epidemiological peer-reviewed publications, dissertations, and conference abstracts that measure the impact of at least one psychosocial family-level factor mediating or moderating the relationship between parental trauma exposure and a child mental health outcome. English, French, Kinyarwanda, and Spanish articles will be eligible. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PTSDpubs, Scopus and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and will conduct forward citation chaining of included documents. Two reviewers will perform screening and data extraction independently. We will extract reported mediators, moderators, and relevant study characteristics for included studies. Findings will be presented using narrative syntheses, descriptive analyses, mediation meta-analyses, moderating meta-analyses, and causal diagram(s), where possible. We will also perform a risk of bias assessment for studies included in meta-analyses and will construct a funnel plot to assess publication bias. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not needed for this review. Results will be presented at academic conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal in hopes to inform the development and evaluation of resilience-building interventions.

scholarly journals The Gaols of Guyana: Hauntology and Trauma in the soundscape of Prison

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Ayres ◽  
Dylan Kerrigan
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Trauma ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Transmission Of Trauma ◽  
The Impact

Using Hauntology, this paper illustrates how the supposed demise of a socio-political and economic system – colonialism – still impacts on and has something to offer contemporary political analysis in Guyana’s gaols. Drawing on Fiddler’s spatio-hauntology alongside the work of Derrida and Gordon this paper shows how hauntology provides an alternative theoretical framework to look at the intergenerational transmission of trauma, which can be traced back to colonialism and slavery. It acknowledges the impact structural violence has on the collective imaginary and how this – consciously and unconsciously – shapes the psychosocial material underpinning contemporary Guyanese identities, desires, experiences, social action, and systems of punishment which includes prisons – its buildings, space, regimes, processes, sounds, laws and rationale. Guyana’s prisons contain phantoms of the past. Only by acknowledging Guyana’s ghosts and the phantasm of past trauma is it that we can begin to understand contemporary Guyana and Guyanese society, which includes their jails.

scholarly journals Prenatal maternal stress and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Nicla Manzari ◽  
Karen Matvienko-Sikar ◽  
Franco Baldoni ◽  
Gerard W. O'Keeffe ◽  
Ali S. Khashan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Prenatal Maternal Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Background: Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) is defined as the experience of significant levels of prenatal stress, depression or anxiety during pregnancy. PNMS has been associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in exposed offspring. However, these findings are inconsistent and other studies found no association, meaning a clear consensus on the impact of PNMS on ASD and ADHD risk is required. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize and critically review the existing literature on the effects of PNMS on ASD and ADHD risk. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE) will be searched for articles following a detailed search strategy. We will include cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies that assessed maternal exposure to psychological and/or environmental stress and had ASD or ADHD as an outcome. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and full articles to identify eligible studies. We will use a standardised data extraction form for extracting data and a bias classification tool for assessing study quality. This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The generic inverse variance method will be used if possible to perform meta-analyses. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this study because it will not involve the conduct or inclusion of any experimental or personal data that would require informed consent.  The systematic review will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018084222.

scholarly journals Prenatal maternal stress and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicla Manzari ◽  
Karen Matvienko-Sikar ◽  
Franco Baldoni ◽  
Gerard W. O'Keeffe ◽  
Ali S. Khashan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Prenatal Maternal Stress ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Background: Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) is defined as the experience of significant levels of prenatal stress, depression or anxiety during pregnancy. PNMS has been associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in exposed offspring. However, these findings are inconsistent and other studies found no association, meaning a clear consensus on the impact of PNMS on ASD and ADHD risk is required. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize and critically review the existing literature on the effects of PNMS on ASD and ADHD risk. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE) will be searched for articles following a detailed search strategy. We will include cohort and case-control studies that assessed maternal exposure to psychological and/or environmental stress and had ASD or ADHD as an outcome. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and full articles to identify eligible studies. We will use a standardised data extraction form for extracting data and a bias classification tool for assessing study quality. This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The generic inverse variance method will be used if possible to perform meta-analyses. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this study because it will not involve the conduct or inclusion of any experimental or personal data that would require informed consent.  The systematic review will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018084222.

scholarly journals Obesity is associated with increased severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Chu ◽  
Jinxiu Yang ◽  
Jiaran Shi ◽  
Pingping Zhang ◽  
Xingxiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Obesity has been widely reported to be associated with the disease progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, some studies have reported different findings. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between obesity and poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from 1 November 2019 to 24 May 2020 was performed. Study quality was assessed, and data extraction was conducted. The meta-analysis was carried out using fixed-effects and random-effects models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of several poor outcomes in obese and non-obese COVID-19 patients. Results Twenty-two studies (n = 12,591 patients) were included. Pooled analysis demonstrated that body mass index (BMI) was higher in severe/critical COVID-19 patients than in mild COVID-19 patients (MD 2.48 kg/m2, 95% CI [2.00 to 2.96 kg/m2]). Additionally, obesity in COVID-19 patients was associated with poor outcomes (OR = 1.683, 95% CI [1.408–2.011]), which comprised severe COVID-19, ICU care, invasive mechanical ventilation use, and disease progression (OR = 4.17, 95% CI [2.32–7.48]; OR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.18–2.09]; OR = 2.13, 95% CI [1.10–4.14]; OR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.26–1.58], respectively). Obesity as a risk factor was greater in younger patients (OR 3.30 vs. 1.72). However, obesity did not increase the risk of hospital mortality (OR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.32–2.51]). Conclusions As a result of a potentially critical role of obesity in determining the severity of COVID-19, it is important to collect anthropometric information for COVID-19 patients, especially the younger group. However, obesity may not be associated with hospital mortality, and efforts to understand the impact of obesity on the mortality of COVID-19 patients should be a research priority in the future.

Meta-analysis of randomized trials to study the impact of prednisone on toxicities and survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
Gurudatta Naik ◽  
Charity Morgan ◽  
Matt D. Galsky ◽  
William K. Oh ◽  
Guru Sonpavde
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oral Prednisone ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

28 Background: The impact of daily oral prednisone (P) on toxicities and outcomes in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing regimens that included P in only one arm. Methods: PubMed, conferences and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched for articles reported from January 1966 to June 2013. Eligible studies were selected in an unbiased manner and limited to randomized trials enrolling patients with mCRPC and comparing regimens administering P in only one arm. Data extraction was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Arms containing P were compared with arms without P for severe toxicities grade 3 or higher and overall survival (OS). Results: Five randomized trials were published or presented with P in only one arm: by Scher and colleagues comparing docetaxel (D) plus P versus D plus DN101 (n=953), by Higano and colleagues comparing DP versus GVAX (n=621), by Small and colleagues comparing DP versus GVAX plus D (n=394), by Fossa and colleagues comparing P versus flutamide (n=201) and by Petrylak and colleagues comparing mitoxantrone plus P versus D plus estramustine phosphate (n=770). The total number of patients was 2,939, of whom 1,471 received therapy not containing P and 1,468 received therapy containing P. All five trials were eligible for analysis of toxicities, but the Fossa trial was excluded for the OS analysis due to lack of required parameters. There was no difference between the non-P and P groups for severe toxicities (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.82, p = 0.712, I2 = 97.9%). When examining toxicities as a reason for discontinuing therapy, the non-P groups were not different from the P groups (relative risk [RR] = 1.24, p = 0.413, I2 = 86.8%). The non-P groups demonstrated no difference in OS compared to the P groups (HR = 1.09, p = 0.531, I2= 79.7%). The meta-analysis is limited by the trial level design and small number of patients and does not exclude a favorable palliative impact of P. Conclusions: This meta-analysis of randomized trials in mCRPC suggests no significant impact on severe toxicities and OS with the use of daily oral prednisone.

scholarly journals Non-adherence to immunosuppressants following renal transplantation: a protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e015411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Hucker ◽  
Frances Bunn ◽  
Lewis Carpenter ◽  
Christopher Lawrence ◽  
Ken Farrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionAdherence to immunosuppressant medication is essential for renal transplant recipients. This review aims to summarise what is known about non-adherence, with a view to providing comprehensive evidence to inform strategies aimed at advancing adherent behaviour.Methods and analysisA systematic review of quantitative studies that report adherence to immunosuppressants in adult (over 18 years) renal transplant recipients. The review will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines; study quality will be assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Systematic searches will be completed across relevant databases. Two reviewers will independently extract data using a predefined data extraction form. We will summarise the operationalisation of adherence across studies and use narrative synthesis to identify factors associated with non-adherence. A meta-analysis will be conducted if there is sufficient homogeneity, and available data, across studies to estimate the prevalence of non-adherence in renal transplant recipients. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2test. Survival analysis will be conducted to estimate hazard ratios to explore the impact of non-adherence on graft survival, graft failure and patient survival.Ethics and disseminationFindings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at conferences for professionals and researchers. Review outcomes will help support clinical practice by highlighting the extent of non-adherence among adults, and in doing so, signpost the need for suitable intervention.Trial registration numberPROSPERO registration number (CRD42016038751).

scholarly journals Impact and use of reviews and ‘overviews of reviews’ to inform clinical practice guideline recommendations: protocol for a methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e031442
Author(s):  
Carole Lunny ◽  
Cynthia Ramasubbu ◽  
Savannah Gerrish ◽  
Tracy Liu ◽  
Douglas M Salzwedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Clinical Practice Guideline ◽  
Practice Guideline ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionGuidelines are systematically developed recommendations to assist practitioner and patient decisions about treatments for clinical conditions. High quality and comprehensive systematic reviews and ‘overviews of systematic reviews’ (overviews) represent the best available evidence. Many guideline developers, such as the WHO and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, recommend the use of these research syntheses to underpin guideline recommendations. We aim to evaluate the impact and use of systematic reviews with and without pairwise meta-analysis or network meta-analyses (NMAs) and overviews in clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommendations.Methods and analysisCPGs will be retrieved from Turning Research Into Practice and Epistemonikos (2017–2018). The retrieved citations will be sorted randomly and then screened sequentially by two independent reviewers until 50 CPGs have been identified. We will include CPGs that provide at least two explicit recommendations for the management of any clinical condition. We will assess whether reviews or overviews were cited in a recommendation as part of the development process for guidelines. Data extraction will be done independently by two authors and compared. We will assess the risk of bias by examining how each guideline developed clinical recommendations. We will calculate the number and frequency of citations of reviews with or without pairwise meta-analysis, reviews with NMAs and overviews, and whether they were systematically or non-systematically developed. Results will be described, tabulated and categorised based on review type (reviews or overviews). CPGs reporting the use of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will be compared with those using a different system, and pharmacological versus non-pharmacological CPGs will be compared.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required. We will present at the Cochrane Colloquium and the Guidelines International Network conference.

scholarly journals Prenatal maternal psychological stress and childhood asthma and wheezing: a meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim F.E. van de Loo ◽  
Marleen M.H.J. van Gelder ◽  
Jolt Roukema ◽  
Nel Roeleveld ◽  
Peter J.F.M. Merkus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies on prenatal maternal psychological stress and the subsequent development of asthma and wheezing in early childhood.All available published literature from 1960 until November 2013 was systematically searched through electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo and Web of Science). All observational studies assessing associations between any form of prenatal maternal psychological stress and respiratory morbidity in the child were included. Data extraction, quality assessment and meta-analyses were performed.The overall meta-analysis included 10 studies and showed that the prevalence of wheezing, asthma and other respiratory symptoms is higher in children of mothers who were exposed to or experienced some form of psychological stress during pregnancy than in mothers who did not (pooled OR 1.56 (95% CI 1.36–1.80)). Comparable results were observed in subgroup analyses of stress exposure, perceived stress, asthma and wheezing.This study demonstrates that prenatal maternal psychological stress is associated with respiratory morbidity, including asthma and wheezing in the child. Future studies examining the early origins of asthma and wheezing need to account for the impact of prenatal maternal stress.

scholarly journals Impact of Pharmacist-led Discharge Counseling on Hospital Readmission and Emergency Department Visits: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Bonetti ◽  
Walleri C Reis ◽  
Antonio M Mendes ◽  
Inajara Rotta ◽  
Fernanda S Tonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Transitions of care can contribute to medication errors and other adverse drug events. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led discharge counseling on hospital readmission and emergency department visits through a systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals), along with a manual search (July 2017). PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017068444. STUDY SELECTION: Two independent reviewers performed all the steps of the systematic review process (screening of titles and abstracts, full-text appraisal, data extraction, and quality assessment), with contributions from a third researcher. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting data on pharmacist-led discharge counseling. DATA EXTRACTION: Primary extracted outcomes were emergency department visits and hospital readmission rates. DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analyses of intervention versus usual care for hospital readmission and emergency department visit rates were performed using the inverse variance method. Results are reported as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Prediction intervals (PIs) were also calculated. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. A total of 21 RCTs were included in the qualitative synthesis and 18 in the meta-analyses (n = 7,244 patients). The original meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in the impact between pharmacist-led discharge counseling and usual care on overall hospital readmission (RR = 0.864 [95% CI 0.763-0.997], P = .020) and emergency department (RR = 0.697 [95% CI 0.535-0.907], P = .007) visits. However, the small number of included studies, the high heterogeneity among trials (I2 between 40% and 60%), and the wide PIs (hospital readmission: PI 0.542-1.186; emergency department visits: PI 0.027-1.367) prevented drawing further conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient evidence exists regarding the effect of pharmacist-led discharge counseling on hospital readmission and emergency department visits. Further well-designed clinical trials with defined core outcome sets are needed.

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