scholarly journals Dissecting the clonality of I1 plasmids using ORF-based binarized structure network analysis of plasmids (OSNAp)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Suzuki ◽  
Chihiro Norizuki ◽  
Jun-ichi Wachino ◽  
Kumiko Kawamura ◽  
Noriyuki Nagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
M 14

Phylogenetic relationship of 97 I1 plasmids harboring blaCTX-M genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) was analyzed using the ORF-based binarized structure network analysis of plasmids (OSNAp). The majority of plasmids carrying blaCTX-M-1 or blaCTX-M-8, ESBL genes primarily associated with domestic animals, were clonal. On the other hand, plasmids carrying bla>CTX-M-14 or bla>CTX-M-15, identified from both humans and domestic animals, were diverse in their contents. The findings suggest that circulation of I1 plasmids among humans and animals may contribute to their diversity.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae from patients of two hospitals in Saxony, Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Schmitt ◽  
Enno Jacobs ◽  
Herbert Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

Between January and September 2003, 39 isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae with phenotypically positive Vitek 1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) test results were collected, originating from patients of two hospitals in Saxony, Germany. Plasmid DNA was isolated and screened by PCR for the presence of genes encoding beta-lactamases of SHV, TEM and CTX-M types. To differentiate ESBL and non-ESBL among SHV and TEM genes, detailed analysis of PCR products was performed. Twenty-four strains carried SHV-2, SHV-5 or SHV-12 genes. In a further 11 strains a CTX-M gene was detected. The CTX-M genes could be affiliated to the CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-9 cluster by RFLP analysis. In the case of four Klebsiella oxytoca isolates, hyperproduction of the chromosomal beta-lactamase K1 was inferred, because genes of the above-mentioned types were not detected. The strains contained plasmid DNA between 45 and 160 kb in size. Common plasmid restriction patterns among SHV-5 producers provided evidence of horizontal spread. Twenty strains had a MIC for cefotaxime of ⩽4 mg l−1, 18 strains had the same MIC for ceftazidime, and nine strains had this MIC of >4 mg l−1 for both antibiotics. The ESBL phenotypes often coincided with ciprofloxacin or gentamicin resistance.

scholarly journals Transmission Chains of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae at the Companion Animal Veterinary Clinic–Household Interface

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Kira Schmitt ◽  
Stefan P. Kuster ◽  
Katrin Zurfluh ◽  
Rahel S. Jud ◽  
Jane E. Sykes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
M 14

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) among animals and humans are a public health threat. This study analyzed the occurrence of ESBL-E in a high-risk environment in a companion animal clinic and two animal patients’ households. In an intensive care unit (ICU), rectal swabs from 74 dogs and cats, 74 hand swabs from staff and 298 swabs from surfaces were analyzed for ESBL-E. Seventeen hospitalized patients (23%) and ten (3%) surfaces in the ICU tested ESBL-E positive. Transmission chains for Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 blaCTX-M-15 and Escherichia coli ST38 blaCTX-M-14, ST88 blaCTX-M-14 and ST224 blaCTX-M-1 were observed over extended periods of time (14 to 30 days) with similar strains isolated from patients and the clinical environment. After discharge, two colonized dogs (dogs 7 and 12) and their household contacts were resampled. Dog 7 tested repeatedly positive for 77 days, dog 12 tested negative; six (24%) surfaces in the household of the persistently colonized dog tested ESBL-E positive. The owner of dog 7 and one of the owners of dog 12 were colonized. Based on whole genome sequencing, isolates from the owners, their dogs and other ICU patients belonged to the same clusters, highlighting the public health importance of ESBL-E in companion animal clinics.

scholarly journals Fecal Carriage and Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase/Carbapenemases Producing Enterobacterales Isolates in Bulgarian Hospitals

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Rumyana Markovska ◽  
Petya Stankova ◽  
Temenuga Stoeva ◽  
Dobrinka Ivanova ◽  
Daniela Pencheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Esbl Producers ◽  
M 14

The gastrointestinal tract is an important reservoir of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales isolates. This study included patients from two Bulgarian hospitals. Overall, 98 ESBL producers (including 68 Escherichia coli and 20 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates) were detected among 99 hospitalized patients, 212 patients at admission, and 92 hospital staff in 42.4%, 24.5%, and 4%, respectively. We observed blaCTX-M-15 in 47% of isolates, blaCTX-M-3 in 39% and blaCTX-M-14 in 11%. Three blaCTX-M-15 positive isolates were also blaKPC-2 positive. High transferability was detected for blaCTX-M-3 carrying plasmids (55%) with L/M and I1 replicon plasmids, followed by CTX-M-14 (36.4%) and CTX-M-15 (27.9%) with IncF plasmids. BlaKPC-2 was carried by FIIAs plasmids. Epidemiology typing revealed 8 K. pneumoniae ST types—ST15(8/20), ST17(4/20), ST37(2/20) and 9 E. coli ST types—ST131 (30.9%, 21/68), ST38 (8/68), ST95(7/68) and ST316(7/68). All ST131 isolates but one was from the highly virulent epidemic clone O25bST131. This is the first report in Bulgaria about ESBL/carbapenemase faecal carriage. We observed high ESBL/carbapenemases prevalence. A predominant number of isolates were members of highly epidemic and virulent PanEuropean clones ST15 K. pneumoniae and O25bST131 E. coli. High antibiotics usage during the COVID pandemic will worsen the situation. Routine screenings and strict infection control measures should be widely implemented.

scholarly journals Investigations of multiresistance to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics and extended spectrum beta: Lactamase effect (ESBL test) in strains E.coli and salmonella originating from domestic animals

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Dusan Misic ◽  
Zorica Stosic ◽  
Ferenc Kiskarolj ◽  
Vladica Adamov ◽  
Ruzica Asanin
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Salmonella Hadar

The presence of multiresistance to the effects of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics and extended spectrum beta-lactamase were examined in 45 strains of E. coli and 35 strains of Salmonella. The strains of E. coli originated from several species of domestic animals: dogs, cats, poultry, and cattle, and 30 strains of Salmonella originated from poultry, 4 strains from cattle, and 1 strain from swine. The presence of the following serovarieties was established using serological examinations: Salmonella Enteritidis 17 strains, Salmonella Gallinarum 1 strain, Salmonella Hartford 5 strains, Salmonella Anatum 1 strain, Salmonella Typhimurium 4 strains, Salmonella Agona 1 strain, Salmonella Infantis 1 strain, Salmonella Thompson var. Berlin 1 strain, Salmonella Tennessee 1 strain, Salmonella Senftenberg 1 strain, Salmonella Glostrup 1 strain, and Salmonella Hadar 1 strain. In the examinations of the listed strains we used antibiogram discs of ampicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, cephalexin, cephtriaxon, cephotaxim, cephtazidime, aztreonam, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cyprofloxacine, and a combination of sulphamethoxasole and trimethoprim. The lowest prevalence of multiresistance in E. Coli strains to 3 or more antibiotics was established in dogs 20%, and the highest in 60% strains originating from swine. In 62.88% strains of Salmonella we established sensitivity to all applied antibiotics. Resistance was also established in a small number of the examined strains to ampicillin (11 strains), to tetracycline (5 strains), to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (5 strains), to sulphamethoxasole with trimethoprim (5 strains), to gentamycin (3 strains), and to cloramphenicol (1 strain). Of all the examined strains of Salmonella, 6 strains originating from poultry exhibited multiresistence. The presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase effects examined using the ESBL test, was not established in strains of E. coli and Salmonella strains.

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