scholarly journals Systematic Analysis of Lysine Succinylation in Vero cells infected with Small Ruminant Morbillivirus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuelian Meng ◽  
Xueliang Zhu ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Zhidong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Host Cell Response ◽  
Lysine Succinylation ◽  
The Family

Small ruminant morbillivirus (SRMV), formerly named Peste-des-petits ruminants virus (PPRV), belongs to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae and causes a highly contagious disease in small ruminants, especially goats and sheep. Lysine succinylation is a newly identified and conserved modification and plays an important role in host cell response to pathogen infection. Here, we present a global analysis of the succinylome of SRMV-infected Vero cell using succinylation specific antibody-based enrichment and dimethylation labeling-based quantitative proteomics. As a result, 2633 succinylation sites derived from 823 cellular proteins were quantified. Comparative analysis revealed that 228 down-regulated succinylation sites on 139 proteins and 44 up-regulated succinylation sites on 38 proteins were significantly modified in response to SRMV infection, seven lysine succinylation motifs were identified. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the succinylated proteins mainly participated in cellular respiration and biosynthetic process. Protein-protein interaction networks of the identified proteins provided further evidence that a variety of ATP synthase subunits and carbon metabolism were modulated by succinylation while the overlapped proteins between succinylation and acetylation are involved in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Taken together, these findings provide the first report of succinylome in SRMV infection, lysine acetylation may have a more important effect than succinylation in SRMV infection. These findings provide a novel view on investigating the pathogenic mechanism of SRMV.

Quantitative Analysis of Lysine Acetylation in Vero Cells Infected With Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuelian Meng ◽  
Xueliang Zhu ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Zhidong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background: Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a negative-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family and causes acute, highly contagious disease in small ruminants. Lysine acetylation plays central role in regulating gene expression. However, the extent and function of lysine acetylation in host cells during PPRV infection remains unknown. Methods: Lysine acetylation of PPRV-infected Vero cells was tested and differentially expressed lysine acetylation was found. The acetylated peptides were enriched using specific antibody and labeled with demethylation. Proteins with acetylation sites were identified. Subsequently, intensive bioinformatics analysis of succinylome of PPRV-infected Vero cells was were performed. In this study, intensive proteomic quantification analysis of the proteome and acetylome of PPRV-infected Vero cells was performed using dimethylation labeling-based quantitative proteomics. Results: We identified 4729 cellular proteins and 1068 proteins with 2641 modification sites quantifiable detected by mass spectrometry, of which 304 proteins with 410 acetylation sites were significantly acetylated in response to PPRV infection. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the differentially acetylated proteins mainly participated in carbohydrate catabolic and DNA metabolic process, and were associated with multifarious functions, suggesting that intracellular activities were extensively changed after PPRV infection. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the identified proteins further indicated that a variety of chaperone and ribosome processes were modulated by acetylation. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study on acetylome in host cell infected with PPRV. It provides an important baseline to future study the roles of acetylation in the host response to PPRV replication.

scholarly journals Bufadienolides from the Skin Secretions of the Neotropical Toad Rhinella alata (Anura: Bufonidae): Antiprotozoal Activity against Trypanosoma cruzi

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4217
Author(s):  
Candelario Rodriguez ◽  
Roberto Ibáñez ◽  
Luis Mojica ◽  
Michelle Ng ◽  
Carmenza Spadafora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vero Cells ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Antitrypanosomal Activity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Toad Venom ◽  
Skin Secretions ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mcf 7

Toads in the family Bufonidae contain bufadienolides in their venom, which are characterized by their chemical diversity and high pharmacological potential. American trypanosomiasis is a neglected disease that affects an estimated 8 million people in tropical and subtropical countries. In this research, we investigated the chemical composition and antitrypanosomal activity of toad venom from Rhinella alata collected in Panama. Structural determination using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy led to the identification of 10 bufadienolides. Compounds identified include the following: 16β-hydroxy-desacetyl-bufotalin-3-adipoyl-arginine ester (1), bufotalin (2), 16β-hydroxy-desacetyl-bufotalin-3-pimeloyl-arginine ester (3), bufotalin-3-pimeloyl-arginine ester (4), 16β-hydroxy-desacetyl-bufotalin-3-suberoyl-arginine ester (5), bufotalin-3-suberoyl-arginine ester (6), cinobufagin-3-adipoyl-arginine ester (7), cinobufagin-3-pimeloyl-arginine ester (8), cinobufagin-3-suberoyl-arginine ester (9), and cinobufagin (10). Among these, three new natural products, 1, 3, and 5, are described, and compounds 1–10 are reported for the first time in R. alata. The antitrypanosomal activity assessed in this study revealed that the presence of an arginyl-diacid attached to C-3, and a hydroxyl group at C-14 in the structure of bufadienolides that is important for their biological activity. Bufadienolides showed cytotoxic activity against epithelial kidney Vero cells; however, bufagins (2 and 10) displayed low mammalian cytotoxicity. Compounds 2 and 10 showed activity against the cancer cell lines MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268.

scholarly journals The role of the European small ruminant dairy sector in stabilising global temperatures: lessons from GWP* warming-equivalent emission metrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Agustin del Prado ◽  
Pablo Manzano ◽  
Guillermo Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Climate Neutrality

Abstract Recent calls advocate that a huge reduction in the consumption of animal products (including dairy) is essential to mitigate climate change and stabilise global warming below the 1.5 and 2°C targets. The Paris Agreement states that to stabilise temperatures we must reach a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the second half of this century. Consequently, many countries have adopted overall GHG reduction targets (e.g. EU, at least 40% by 2030 compared to 1990). However, using conventional metric-equivalent emissions (CO2-e GWP100) as the basis to account for emissions does not result in capturing the effect on atmospheric warming of changing emission rates from short-lived GHG (e.g. methane: CH4), which are the main source of GHG emissions by small ruminants. This shortcoming could be solved by using warming-equivalent emissions (CO2-we, GWP*), which can accurately link annual GHG emission rates to its warming effect in the atmosphere. In our study, using this GWP* methodology and different modelling approaches, we first examined the historical (1990–2018) contribution of European dairy small ruminant systems to additional atmosphere warming levels and then studied different emission target scenarios for 2100. These scenarios allow us to envision the necessary reduction of GHG emissions from Europe's dairy small ruminants to achieve a stable impact on global temperatures, i.e. to be climatically neutral. Our analysis showed that, using this type of approach, the whole European sheep and goat dairy sector seems not to have contributed to additional warming in the period 1990–2018. Considering each subsector separately, increases in dairy goat production has led to some level of additional warming into the atmosphere, but these have been compensated by larger emission reductions in the dairy sheep sector. The estimations of warming for future scenarios suggest that to achieve climate neutrality, understood as not adding additional warming to the atmosphere, modest GHG reductions of sheep and goat GHG would be required (e.g. via feed additives). This reduction would be even lower if potential soil organic carbon (SOC) from associated pastures is considered.

scholarly journals Worldwide Prevalence of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Sheep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Ricardo de Miguel ◽  
Marta Arrieta ◽  
Ana Rodríguez-Largo ◽  
Irache Echeverría ◽  
Raúl Resendiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) are highly prevalent retroviruses with significant genetic diversity and antigenic heterogeneity that cause a progressive wasting disease of sheep called Maedi-visna. This work provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 40 years (1981–2020) of scientific publications on SRLV individual and flock prevalence. Fifty-eight publications and 314 studies were included. Most articles used a single diagnostic test to estimate prevalence (77.6%), whereas articles using three or more tests were scarce (6.9%). Serological tests are more frequently used than direct methods and ELISA has progressively replaced AGID over the last decades. SRLV infection in sheep is widespread across the world, with Europe showing the highest individual prevalence (40.9%) and being the geographical area in which most studies have been performed. Africa, Asia, and North America show values between 16.7% to 21.8% at the individual level. South and Central America show the lowest individual SRLV prevalence (1.7%). There was a strong positive correlation between individual and flock prevalence (ρ = 0.728; p ≤ 0.001). Despite the global importance of small ruminants, the coverage of knowledge on SRLV prevalence is patchy and inconsistent. There is a lack of a gold standard method and a defined sampling strategy among countries and continents.

Description of a 3-periodic minimal surface family with trigonal symmetry

1994 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fogden
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Surface ◽  
Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Weierstrass Representation ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Trigonal Symmetry ◽  
Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Periodic Minimal Surface ◽  
Triply Periodic ◽  
The Family

AbstractA systematic analysis of a family of triply periodic minimal surfaces of genus seven and trigonal symmetry is given. The family is found to contain five such surfaces free from self-intersections, three of which are previously unknown. Exact parametrisations of all surfaces are provided using the Weierstrass representation.

A Survey of browse plants used in feeding small ruminants in the Komenda‐ Edina‐Eguafo‐Abrem district (K.E.E.A) of the Central Region of Ghana

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
K. Agyeman ◽  
S. O. Apori
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
Production Response ◽  
Selection Of

A study was carried out to identify species used as fodder by small ruminant farmers in the selected villages in the Komenda‐Edina‐Eguafo‐Abrem district of the Central Region of Ghana. Livestock farmers in fifteen communities were interviewed using questionnaires to obtain information on the personal background and livestock feeding and management practices. The main aim of the study was first to identify existing browse species and to determine problems associated with the use of those existing browse species. Some problems identified include harboring of insects, causing of abortion as well as causing bloat. The survey showed that Ficus exasperata, Ficus umbellate, Baphia nitida, Griffonia simplifolia, Antiaris africana, Terminalia catappa, Grewia carprinifolia, Pethecellobium dulceand Leucaena leucocephala were the main browse species that were used in the district to feed small ruminants. Other feedstuffs that were used in feeding animals such as Aspillia africana and Manihot esulentus tops (leaves and peels) were also identified. The level of browse usage showed that Ficus exasperata had the highest value of 66.7% and Terminalia catappa had the lowest value of 13.3%. Farmers in the district preferred Ficus exasperata which they perceived to promote the best production response in livestock. Various reasons were assigned for the selection of a particular browse plant. Farmers in the district may have to be helped to cultivate browse plant in order to sustain the availability and usage of  browse for livestock feeding due to the rateof destruction of browse (shrubs and trees) resulting from urbanization, use of stem of shrubs and trees for fuelwood and other livelihood activities and desertification arising from human related activities.

scholarly journals Camelids and Cattle Are Dead-End Hosts for Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Schulz ◽  
Christine Fast ◽  
Ulrich Wernery ◽  
Jörg Kinne ◽  
Sunitha Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Lineage Iv

Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a severe respiratory disease in small ruminants. The possible impact of different atypical host species in the spread and planed worldwide eradication of PPRV remains to be clarified. Recent transmission trials with the virulent PPRV lineage IV (LIV)-strain Kurdistan/2011 revealed that pigs and wild boar are possible sources of PPRV-infection. We therefore investigated the role of cattle, llamas, alpacas, and dromedary camels in transmission trials using the Kurdistan/2011 strain for intranasal infection and integrated a literature review for a proper evaluation of their host traits and role in PPRV-transmission. Cattle and camelids developed no clinical signs, no viremia, shed no or only low PPRV-RNA loads in swab samples and did not transmit any PPRV to the contact animals. The distribution of PPRV-RNA or antigen in lymphoid organs was similar in cattle and camelids although generally lower compared to suids and small ruminants. In the typical small ruminant hosts, the tissue tropism, pathogenesis and disease expression after PPRV-infection is associated with infection of immune and epithelial cells via SLAM and nectin-4 receptors, respectively. We therefore suggest a different pathogenesis in cattle and camelids and both as dead-end hosts for PPRV.

scholarly journals Venn-diaNet : venn diagram based network propagation analysis framework for comparing multiple biological experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (S23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hur ◽  
Dongwon Kang ◽  
Sangseon Lee ◽  
Ji Hwan Moon ◽  
Gung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Network ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Propagation Analysis ◽  
Network Propagation ◽  
Main Research Topic

Abstract Background The main research topic in this paper is how to compare multiple biological experiments using transcriptome data, where each experiment is measured and designed to compare control and treated samples. Comparison of multiple biological experiments is usually performed in terms of the number of DEGs in an arbitrary combination of biological experiments. This process is usually facilitated with Venn diagram but there are several issues when Venn diagram is used to compare and analyze multiple experiments in terms of DEGs. First, current Venn diagram tools do not provide systematic analysis to prioritize genes. Because that current tools generally do not fully focus to prioritize genes, genes that are located in the segments in the Venn diagram (especially, intersection) is usually difficult to rank. Second, elucidating the phenotypic difference only with the lists of DEGs and expression values is challenging when the experimental designs have the combination of treatments. Experiment designs that aim to find the synergistic effect of the combination of treatments are very difficult to find without an informative system. Results We introduce Venn-diaNet, a Venn diagram based analysis framework that uses network propagation upon protein-protein interaction network to prioritizes genes from experiments that have multiple DEG lists. We suggest that the two issues can be effectively handled by ranking or prioritizing genes with segments of a Venn diagram. The user can easily compare multiple DEG lists with gene rankings, which is easy to understand and also can be coupled with additional analysis for their purposes. Our system provides a web-based interface to select seed genes in any of areas in a Venn diagram and then perform network propagation analysis to measure the influence of the selected seed genes in terms of ranked list of DEGs. Conclusions We suggest that our system can logically guide to select seed genes without additional prior knowledge that makes us free from the seed selection of network propagation issues. We showed that Venn-diaNet can reproduce the research findings reported in the original papers that have experiments that compare two, three and eight experiments. Venn-diaNet is freely available at: http://biohealth.snu.ac.kr/software/venndianet

Internal reconstruction of elephantid molars: applications for functional anatomy and systematics

Paleobiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Froehlich ◽  
Jon E. Kalb
Keyword(s):  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
The Family ◽  
Replacement Pattern ◽  
Unique Manner

The unique manner in which molars from members of the family Elephantidae erupt in the jaw and wear obliquely and sequentially has profound effects upon dental function and phylogenetic change within the group. Three-dimensional modeling using a “molar matrix” of elephantid dentition, and application of such models to systematic and functional studies, allows a more refined description of dental morphology. A method of examining variation within elephantid teeth is presented based on successive staging of worn molars. Results indicate that individual plates exhibit increasingly derived features with wear (relative to the systematic analysis used here), while successively worn plates exhibit successively more plesiomorphic features apically and posteriorly. Further, results indicate that the patterns developed by wear on the surface of elephantid molars are conserved throughout life despite their unique successive replacement pattern. The cheek teeth in a molar series act as a single, continuous masticating unit, here termed a “cheek tooth battery.” Overall, the tools developed here, wear staging and molar matrices, allow for a more refined understanding of morphological variation within and between elephantids, with application to more conservative elephantoid taxa.

scholarly journals Prevalence and zoonotic aspects of small ruminant mange in the lateritic and waterlogged zones, southern Benin

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahidou Salifou ◽  
Sabbas Attindéhou ◽  
Chakirath Folakè Arikè Salifou ◽  
Louis-Joseph Pangui
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
West African ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Very High ◽  
Southern Benin

An epidemiological survey was undertaken from March to September 2010 to assess the prevalence and zoonotic aspects of scabies in small ruminants in two agro-ecological zones in southern Benin. Small ruminant (n = 444) smallholders and 1,807 of their animals (1,233 West African dwarf goats and 574 West African dwarf sheep) were included in the study. The animals underwent physical examination and, when scabies-like lesions were found, crusts and integument scrapings were collected for microscopic parasitological tests. The samples collected in each survey were coded in accordance with the owner-animal pairings in order to assess the degree of correlation between mange cases in humans (smallholders) and their animals. The overall prevalence of scabies was 28.33% and 9.5% in animals and smallholders (human cases) respectively. Infestations were significantly (p < 0.001) more frequent in goats (39.6%) than in sheep. The uniqueness of the etiological agent (Sarcoptes scabiei), the very high predictive value of human scabies in infected farms (83.67%) and a very high odds ratio (OR = 2,019.25) indicate that small ruminant scabies has been transmitted to smallholders by their animals. Close contact between these smallholders and their animals was a determining factor in this interspecies communicability of sarcoptic mange.

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