scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Antibody Response and Reinfection in Persons with Past Natural Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitu Chauhan ◽  
Ajeet Singh Chahar ◽  
Prem Singh ◽  
Neel Sarovar Bhavesh ◽  
Ravi Tandon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vector ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Women Subjects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers

Several studies have shown that subjects with a history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection had significantly higher antibody titers than previously uninfected vaccinees after vaccination with mRNA vaccine. Yet no information is available for other vaccines. In the current observational cohort study, 105 health care workers who had received Covishield an Adeno associated viral vector-based DNA vaccine were enrolled at Sarojini Nadu Medical College Agra, India. The study included 40 (23 men and 17 women) subjects with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 65 participants (39 men and 26 women) who were not infected previously. Both the groups received the adenovirus vector vaccine ChAdOx1-S recombinant vaccines (Covishield, Astra Zeneca). The levels of SARS-CoV-2-anti-spike-IgG-antibodies titer were measured using Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on Roche platform as arbitrary units per milliliter (AU/ml). After 28 days of the second dose, subjects with no previous SARSCoV-2 infection showed a significantly lower level of circulating anti-spike-IgG-antibody titers compared to previously infected participants. After the second dose, we also observed a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 infection in subjects with no prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to subjects with a previous history of natural infection. The most important observation of the study is a low percentage of infection in previously infected subjects. The finding of the study also indicates the presence of robust humoral memory response in previously infected patients.

scholarly journals Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibody seropositivity among age groups and gestational periods in pregnant women

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahida Sadiqui ◽  
Syed Rafiq Hussain Shah ◽  
Babiker Saad Almugadam ◽  
Qismat Shakeela ◽  
Shehzad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed parasitic disease. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and geographic distribution of toxoplasmosis, as well assess the risk of animal contact in disease development and determine the percentage of toxoplasmois-associated IgM and IgG seropositivity among different age groups. In addition, it aimed to estimate the proportion of toxoplasma IgM seropositivity among pregnancy trimesters. Methods: A total of 500 pregnant women were included in this study. From each participant, a 5-ml venous blood sample was collected and centrifuged to obtain serum that was tested for Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibodies using immunochromatographic testing and ELISA. Results: The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 24.8%, with rates of acute infection of 8%. Among positive cases in every trimester, 54.34% of first trimester positive cases had a serologic marker of acute toxoplasmosis. Out of the 40 pregnant women with previous history of cow/buffalo contact and toxoplasmosis, 40% were seropositive for toxoplasma IgM; and out of 30 women with prior history of dog contact, 16.66% had serological marker of acute toxoplasmosis. Conclusions: In this study, there is a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis and contact with domestic animals is a risk factor for this illness. Therefore, it is necessary to test every pregnant women for toxoplasmosis and distinguish the type of infection, as well as the conduction of public health education programs to generate the awareness.

scholarly journals Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibody seropositivity among age groups and gestational periods in pregnant women

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1823
Author(s):  
Shahida Sadiqui ◽  
Syed Rafiq Hussain Shah ◽  
Babiker Saad Almugadam ◽  
Qismat Shakeela ◽  
Shehzad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed parasitic disease. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and geographic distribution of toxoplasmosis as well as evaluate the role of animal contact in disease development and determine the percentage of toxoplasmosis-associated IgM and IgG seropositivity among different age groups. In addition, it aimed to estimate the proportion of toxoplasma IgM seropositivity among pregnancy trimesters. Methods: A total of 500 pregnant women were included in this study. From each participant, a 5-ml venous blood sample was collected and centrifuged to obtain serum that was tested for Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibodies using immunochromatographic testing and ELISA. Results: The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 24.8%, with rates of acute infection of 8%. Among positive cases of every trimester, 54.34% of first trimester positive cases had a serologic marker for acute toxoplasmosis. Among the overall positive cases, out of the 35 pregnant women with previous history of cow/buffalo contact and toxoplasmosis, 45.7% were seropositive for toxoplasma IgM; and out of 15 women with prior history of dog contact, 33.3% had a serological marker of acute toxoplasmosis. Conclusions: In this study, there is a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis and contact with domestic animals is a risk factor of this illness. Therefore, it is necessary to test every pregnant woman for toxoplasmosis and distinguish the type of infection, as well as the conduction of public health education programs to generate the awareness.

scholarly journals Longitudinal observation of antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection at 14 months

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asiya kamber Zaidi ◽  
Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki ◽  
Nidhi Yadav ◽  
Alessandro Floridi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Previous History ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract A better understanding regarding antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 after natural infection could provide valuable insights into the future implementation of vaccination policies. In this study, we aimed to assess the dynamics of IgG antibody titers in recovered COVID-19 patients over 14 months after mild and moderately severe infection using two FDA-approved immunoassays against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein (NCP)and anti-spike-receptor binding domain (S-RBD) through sequential serological tests at different time points. The demographics and clinical profile, that might be associated with the magnitude and longevity of antibody response were also analyzed. Our results suggest antibody persistency in 31 out of 32 (96.8%) subjects at 14 months post-infection. A significant positive association was observed between disease severity and anti-S-RBD IgG titers at 14 months. Patients who reported a loss of smell and taste during the clinical course of the disease also developed significantly better antibody titers. Patients who were seronegative for anti-NCP IgG (n=7) at 10 months, were found to be seropositive for anti-S-RBD IgG at 12,13 and 14 months emphasizing on higher false-negative rate for N protein-based antibody assays when compared with the anti-S-RBD assays. This study calls for prioritizing vaccination for “naive” individuals (with no previous history of COVID-19 infection) and recovered but antibody-negative individuals instead of “vaccination for all”. This strategy would be helpful in low-resource settings and areas experiencing vaccine shortages by saving time, effort, and assets that could be sourced for the vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Syphilitic Balanitis of Follmann: Laboratory Pitfalls

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
Filipa Tavares Almeida ◽  
Filomena Azevedo ◽  
Carmen Lisboa
Keyword(s):  
Infected Patient ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Flocculation Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Lattice Network ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Prozone Phenomenon

We report a case of early syphilis, presenting as balanitis and papular syphilides in an HIV-infected patient, with a previous history of syphilis infection, which demonstrated a false negative VDRL testing due to a prozone phenomenon. This false negative response results from overwhelming antibody titers, which interfere with the proper formation of the antigen-antibody lattice network, necessary to visualize a positive flocculation test.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C in pregnancy: an observational study highlighting its association with maternal parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Bushra . ◽  
Ambreen Ghori ◽  
Azra Ahmed ◽  
Najma Dalwani ◽  
Mushtaque Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Pregnancy is a very crucial time in a woman’s life. In this period of time, not only multiple physiological alterations effect the usual health status but also makes women more vulnerable to contract infection and face negative sequalae. Hepatitis C, a blood borne viral infection serve the similar fate when encountered by pregnant ladies. This study is based on exploring the prevalence of the Hepatitis C virus seropositivity among pregnant population. Moreover, we also evaluated the major risk factors leading to the infection in these mothers. Besides this, infected mothers were studied for their pregnancy outcomes.Methods: In this study 114 pregnant females were observed for this cross-sectional study. It was conducted in Gynecology Unit- 1, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, for the period of January 2017 to July 2017. Chi square test was applied for statistical analysis on SPSS version 16. The criteria for enrollment in the study was set to be a pregnant lady belonging to age group 20-35 years; having singleton pregnancy; was a booked case at the hospital with compliant to antenatal follow ups; admitted to the labor room for delivery. All the non-pregnant ladies, whom had co morbid conditions such as hypertension or diabetes or had infected with hepatitis B or D were excluded from the study. Furthermore, pregnant ladies with multiple gestion or those who were either diagnosed of hepatitis C prior to conceive or had a previous history of hepatitis C were also excluded.Results: Present study revealed that out of 114, 10(8.8%) pregnant ladies were found seropositive for Hepatitis C virus. Prior history for transfusion of blood was the Foremost risk factor discovered, with 60.5% women reported this. History of surgery was the 2nd commonest factor and 43.9% had this in their medical records. On the other hand, only 8.8% women gave the history for previous evacuation. While observing pregnancy outcomes, we found 48.2% neonates had low birth weight, 41.2% were born preterm and 21.1% had low APGAR score.Conclusions: In a nutshell hepatitis c is prevalent in the pregnant population of this region and showing its effects in the form of compromised pregnancies. History of blood transfusion and previous surgery were found to be chief risk factors in the study.

Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ: A distinct entity of controversial significance.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Marina De Brot ◽  
Shirin Muhsen ◽  
Victor P. Andrade ◽  
Starr Koslow Mautner ◽  
Melissa Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Lobular Carcinoma ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Lobular Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Pleomorphic Lobular Carcinoma ◽  
History Of

177 Background: Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (PLCIS) is an increasingly diagnosed variant of lobular carcinoma in situ. Histologically, it resembles ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), leading to controversy over proper management. Yet, the natural history of PLCIS is unknown. Here we describe our experience with PLCIS. Methods: Review of pathology reports (1995–2012) identified 233 cases of LCIS variants. Patients with synchronous ipsilateral DCIS or invasive cancer (IC) were excluded leaving 25 cases for review. Consensus review by 3 pathologists further excluded 7; leaving 18 cases, 12 of which were classified as PLCIS and 6 as LCIS with pleomorphic features (LCIS-PF). (Table) PLCIS was defined by cellular dyshesion, nuclear pleomorphism with a 2-3 fold size variation, conspicuous nucleoli, mitoses and abundant cytoplasm; lesions not meeting all parameters were classified as LCIS-PF. Loss of e-cadherin was confirmed; clinical data were obtained from medical records. Results: Mean patient age at diagnosis of PLCIS/LCIS-PF was 57 yrs (42-67 yrs). All cases presented with imaging abnormalities. A previous history of breast cancer was present in 7/18 (39%) pts (3/7, ipsilateral; 4/7, contralateral). Following PLCIS/LCIS-PF diagnosis, 6/18 (33%) pts underwent mastectomy and 12/18 had excision alone, with (n=3) or without chemoprevention (n=9). Margin status was negative in 4/12 pts; close in 3/12 pts and positive in 5/12 pts undergoing excision. At a median follow-up of 27 mos (2-148 mos), 2/12 pts treated with excision developed ipsilateral breast cancer (1 DCIS; 1 IC). Both had close margins at initial excision; median time to cancer, 54 mos. Conclusions: Pure PLCIS is an uncommon lesion. Synchronous malignancy or prior history of breast cancer are often present in patients with PLCIS, contributing to the difficulty in determining the actual risk conferred by this lesion and appropriate management. Efforts to systematically characterize LCIS variants and prospective documentation of outcomes are needed to clarify the significance of these lesions. [Table: see text]

Correlation of abnormal upper tract cytology and tumor histology in patients who have undergone a nephroureterectomy for urothelial carcinoma with disease recurrence in the bladder.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 288-288
Author(s):  
Einar Freyr Sverrisson ◽  
Timothy Kim ◽  
Patrick Espiritu ◽  
Wade Jeffers Sexton ◽  
Julio Pow-Sang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Intravesical Therapy ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Upper Tract ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Bladder Recurrence

288 Background: 15-50% of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) will have a bladder recurrence. Abnormal upper tract cytology (UTC) is an indicator of higher grade tumors but has not been associated with bladder recurrence. We were interested in investigating the role of UTC as a predictor of bladder cancer recurrences in patients with no prior history of bladder cancer presenting with UTUC. Methods: Of 67 patients who had an UTC collected prior to their nephroureterectomy (NU) in 2004-2012, we identified 17 patients with a recurrent disease in the bladder who met the criteria of having no previous history of bladder cancer at the time of their NU. UTC and histology were reviewed and analyzed with the bladder pathology data. Positive or suspicious cytology was defined as abnormal and atypical or reactive as benign. Results: 15 (88%) of 17 patients (11 men and 6 women) who met our criteria were diagnosed with bladder cancer within one year after their NU (average 7.5 months (range 2-26)). 10 (59%) of 17 patients had abnormal UTC with a calculated sensitivity and specificity of 59% and 22%, respectively. 7 (70%) of 10 patients with abnormal UTC compared to 5 (71%) of 7 patients with benign cytology had high grade (HG) bladder cancer (p=1.0). Muscle invasive tumors were found in 5 (29%) of 17 patients and 3 (60%) of those had abnormal UTC. All six women had HG bladder cancer compared to 6 of 10 men (p=0.23). HG tumors were slightly more common in the bladder compared to the upper tract (75% vs 65%, p=0.70) and 14 (87.5%) of 16 bladder tumors had the same tumor grade in the upper tract. Conclusions: Abnormal UTC is a poor predictor of bladder recurrence in patients with a history of UTUC. The majority of patients who developed bladder recurrence presented within one year from NU with HG disease which underscores the importance of aggressive surveillance and the consideration of prophylactic intravesical therapy at the time of NU in this patient cohort.

scholarly journals A Seizure Attributed to Ofloxacine in a Woman Undergoing Detoxification for Alcohol Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Lahmek ◽  
Laurent Michel ◽  
Nadine Meunier ◽  
Henri-Jean Aubin
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Quinolone Antibiotics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcohol Detoxification ◽  
Oral Ofloxacin ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Objective. To report one case of seizure following administration of ofloxacin.Case Summary. A 38-year-old woman with alcohol dependence but no prior history of seizure disorder admitted in our inpatient alcohol detoxification program was prescribed ofloxacin four days after admission for a lower urinary tract infection. She was currently prescribed diazepam 30 mg per day. This treatment was continued without modification following admission. Forty eight hours after starting ofloxacin and after receiving five doses of oral ofloxacin, the patient experienced a seizure. Ofloxacin treatment was stopped and no further seizures occurred. Neurological examination of the patient, laboratory tests, computerized tomography with contrast enhancement and electroencephalography did not detect any abnormalities. Up to the last consultation, six months after admission, the patient has reported no recurrence of the seizure.Discussion. Quinolone antibiotics vary in their ability to induce seizures, with ofloxacin having one of the least potentials. In the present case, the seizure could be attributed in all probability to taking ofloxacin; since she had no previous history of seizures, she did not present an alcohol withdrawal syndrome, benzodiazepine treatment was not modified, the seizure occurred 48 h after taking ofloxacin, but seven days after stopping drinking, no alternative aetiologies for the seizure could be identified and no seizure recurrence was reported over the following seven months. Of reported cases of seizures in patients treated with fluoroquinolones, none concerned patients with alcohol dependence or patients treated with benzodiazepines.Conclusions. The present case alerts us to the possibility that seizures may occur in alcohol dependent patients treated with benzodiazepines who concomitantly prescribed a fluoroquinolone. These widely-used antibiotics should thus be prescribed with caution to patients undergoing detoxification for alcohol dependence, particularly if they are also taking benzodiazepines, irrespective of whether they have a previous history of seizures or not.

scholarly journals Atypical Kawasaki Disease after COVID-19 Vaccination: A New Form of Adverse Event Following Immunization

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Ana Lilia Peralta-Amaro ◽  
Melina Ivone Tejada-Ruiz ◽  
Karen Lilian Rivera-Alvarado ◽  
Orestes de Jesús Cobos-Quevedo ◽  
Patricia Romero-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
History Of

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a medium-vessel vasculitis that is typically presented during childhood; fewer than 100 cases of KD have been reported worldwide in adult patients who met the criteria according to the American College of Rheumatology. This study presents the case of an 18-year-old patient with no previous history of any disease, who presented atypical KD with liver and kidney dysfunction, with a good response to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. The symptoms began 22 days after the application of the COVID-19 vaccine (nonreplicating viral vector Vaxzevria), and other conditions were ruled out. The term Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)encompasses all the reactions that follow the application of any vaccine with no necessary causal relationship and can be due to the vaccine product, quality of the vaccine, immunization errors, or anxiety or just happen to be coincident events. These reactions should be reported so that clinicians can identify compatible cases and consider that the presentation of this disease, despite being atypical, can be manifested in adult patients. Likewise, case reports are an important basis for the pharmacovigilance of vaccines.

Pemetrexed and carboplatin plus bevacizumab for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Preliminary results

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7601-7601 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Patel ◽  
T. A. Hensing ◽  
V. Villafor ◽  
E. Hart ◽  
P. Bonomi
Keyword(s):  
Bowel Perforation ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Hematological Toxicity ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Toxicity Profile ◽  
Common Grade ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Number Of Cycles

7601 Background: Pemetrexed in combination with carboplatin has been shown to have promising activity and favorable toxicity profile in NSCLC. Bevacizumab has been shown to improve response rates and survival in pts with advanced non-squamous NSCLC when combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel. This study of pemetrexed and carboplatin plus bevacizumab was designed to evaluate the toxicity profile and to estimate the activity of the regimen in this pt population. Methods: Eligibility required that pts were chemotherapy-naive, had stage IIIB (effusion)/IV non-squamous NSCLC, PS 0–1, with no evidence of CNS metastases. Pts received pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 over 10 minutes, carboplatin AUC 6 over 30 minutes, and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg over 30–90 minutes on a 21-day cycle for 6 cycles. Pts with SD or PR received pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 21 days until disease progression or toxicity. All pts received folic acid, vitamin B12 and steroid prophylaxis. Results: From 8/05 to 9/06, 39 pts (of planned 50) were enrolled: 20 M/19 F; median age 64 (range 41 - 80). One pt enrolled and subsequently refused treatment. Median number of cycles was 6 (range 1–22), and 25/38 (66%) completed at least 6 cycles of therapy. There was no grade 4 hematological toxicity. Grade 3 hematological toxicities were anemia (5%, N=2) and thrombocytopenia (3%, N=1). The most common grade 3/4 non-hematological toxicities included proteinuria (3%, N=1, gr 3), venous thrombosis (3%, N=1, gr 3), infection (3%, N=1, gr 4), and diverticulitis (11%: 8%, N=3, gr 3/3%, N=1, gr 4). 1 pt with diverticulitis experienced bowel perforation that required surgical intervention. The trial was temporally suspended and the group of pts with diverticulitis was analyzed separately. The only risk factor identified was previous history of diverticulitis. One CR, 20 PRs were observed for an overall response rate of 55% (95%, CI 43–75%). Conclusions: Treatment with pemetrexed and carboplatin plus bevacizumab in pts with advanced non-squamous NSCLC is feasible with an acceptable toxicity profile. The encouraging activity justifies further development of this regimen. However, pts with a prior history of diverticulitis should be excluded until this observation can be investigated further. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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