scholarly journals Localization of TRP channels in healthy oral mucosa from human donors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Moayedi ◽  
Stephanie Michlig ◽  
Mark Park ◽  
Alia Koch ◽  
Ellen Annette Lumpkin
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Human Tongue

The oral cavity is exposed to a remarkable range of noxious and innocuous conditions, including temperature fluctuations, mechanical forces, inflammation and environmental and endogenous chemicals. How such changes in the oral environment are sensed by oral cells and tissues is not completely understood. Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are a diverse family of molecular receptors that are activated by chemicals, temperature changes, and tissue damage. In non-neuronal cells, TRP channels play roles in inflammation, as well as tissue development and maintenance. In somatosensory neurons, TRP channels mediate nociception, thermosensation and chemosensation. To assess whether TRP channels might be involved in environmental sensing in the human oral cavity, we investigated the distribution of TRP channels in human tongue and hard palate. Oral biopsies were collected from volunteers and underwent fluorescent immunohistochemistry followed by confocal imaging. We analyzed immunoreactivity of TRP channels in human oral epithelia including TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPV1, TRPM8, and TRPA1. TRPV3 and TRPV4 were expressed in epithelial cells with inverse expression patterns where they are likely to contribute to epithelial development and integrity. TRPA1 immunoreactivity was found in fibroblasts, subsets immune cells, and neurons, consistent with known roles of TRPA1 in sensory transduction, as well as in response to damage and inflammation. TRPM8 immunoreactivity was found in lamina propria cells and some neuronal subpopulations including some neurons within the end bulbs of Krause, consistent with a role in thermal sensation. TRPV1 immunoreactivity was identified in intraepithelial nerve fibers, in some end bulbs of Krause, and in epithelial cells, consistent with roles in nociception and thermosensation. Immunoreactivity of TRPM8 and TRPV1 in end bulbs of Krause suggest that these structures contain a variety of neuronal afferents, including those that mediate nociception, thermosensation and mechanotransduction. Collectively, these studies support the role of TRP channels in oral environmental surveillance and response.

scholarly journals Developmental studies on the acquisition of perception conducting pathways via TRP channels in rat molar odontoblasts using immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Aoi Tanaka ◽  
Yoshiyuki Shibukawa ◽  
Masahito Yamamoto ◽  
Shinichi Abe ◽  
Hitoshi Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sensory Receptor ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Pannexin 1 ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Transient Receptor

AbstractOdontoblasts act as dentin formation and sensory receptors. Recently, it was reported that transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA) 1, TRP vanilloid (TRPV) 4 and pannexin 1 (PANX-1) play important roles in odontoblast sensory reception. However, it is not known when odontoblasts begin to possess a sense reception function. The aim of this study was to clarify the development of odontoblasts as sense receptors. Sections of mandibular first molars from postnatal day (PN) 0 to PN12 Wistar rats were prepared for hematoxylin–eosin staining. Immunohistochemically, we used anti-dentin sialoprotein (DSP), anti-TRPA1, anti-TRPV4, anti-PANX-1, and anti-neurofilament (NF) antibodies. In addition, we investigated TRPA1 and TRPV4 expression by reverse transcriptional quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). At PN0, undifferentiated odontoblasts showed no immunoreaction to anti-DSP, anti-TRPA1, anti-TRPV4, or anti-PANX-1 antibodies. However, immunopositive reactions of these antibodies increased during odontoblast differentiation at PN3 and PN6. An immunopositive reaction of the anti-NF antibody appeared in the odontoblast neighborhood at PN12, when the odontoblasts began to form root dentin, and this appeared later than that of the other antibodies. By RT-qPCR, expression of TRPA1 at PN6 was significantly lower than that at PN0 (p < 0.05) and PN3 (p < 0.01). Expression of TRPV4 at PN6 was significantly lower than that at PN0 (p < 0.01) and PN3 (p < 0.01). The results of this study suggest that odontoblasts may acquire sensory receptor function after beginning to form root dentin, when TRPA1, TRPV4, PANX-1 channels, and nerve fibers are completely formed.

scholarly journals Primary cilia regulate the osmotic stress response of renal epithelial cells through TRPM3

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (4) ◽  
pp. F791-F805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Siroky ◽  
Nancy K. Kleene ◽  
Steven J. Kleene ◽  
Charles D. Varnell ◽  
Raven G. Comer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Renal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Osmotic Response

Primary cilia sense environmental conditions, including osmolality, but whether cilia participate in the osmotic response in renal epithelial cells is not known. The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels TRPV4 and TRPM3 are osmoresponsive. TRPV4 localizes to cilia in certain cell types, while renal subcellular localization of TRPM3 is not known. We hypothesized that primary cilia are required for maximal activation of the osmotic response of renal epithelial cells and that ciliary TRPM3 and TRPV4 mediate that response. Ciliated [murine epithelial cells from the renal inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD-3) and 176-5] and nonciliated (176-5Δ) renal cells expressed Trpv4 and Trpm3. Ciliary expression of TRPM3 was observed in mIMCD-3 and 176-5 cells and in wild-type mouse kidney tissue. TRPV4 was identified in cilia and apical membrane of mIMCD-3 cells by electrophysiology and in the cell body by immunofluorescence. Hyperosmolal stress at 500 mOsm/kg (via NaCl addition) induced the osmotic response genes betaine/GABA transporter ( Bgt1) and aldose reductase ( Akr1b3) in all ciliated cell lines. This induction was attenuated in nonciliated cells. A TRPV4 agonist abrogated Bgt1 and Akr1b3 induction in ciliated and nonciliated cells. A TRPM3 agonist attenuated Bgt1 and Akr1b3 induction in ciliated cells only. TRPM3 knockout attenuated Akr1b3 induction. Viability under osmotic stress was greater in ciliated than nonciliated cells. Akr1b3 induction was also less in nonciliated than ciliated cells when mannitol was used to induce hyperosmolal stress. These findings suggest that primary cilia are required for the maximal osmotic response in renal epithelial cells and that TRPM3 is involved in this mechanism. TRPV4 appears to modulate the osmotic response independent of cilia.

Transient receptor potential ion channels as participants in thermosensation and thermoregulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. R64-R76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Caterina
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Living Organisms

Living organisms must evaluate changes in environmental and internal temperatures to mount appropriate physiological and behavioral responses conducive to survival. Classical physiology has provided a wealth of information regarding the specialization of thermosensory functions among subclasses of peripheral sensory neurons and intrinsically thermosensitive neurons within the hypothalamus. However, until recently, the molecular mechanisms by which these cells carry out thermometry have remained poorly understood. The demonstration that certain ion channels of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family can be activated by increases or decreases in ambient temperature, along with the recognition of their heterogeneous expression patterns and heterogeneous temperature sensitivities, has led investigators to evaluate these proteins as candidate endogenous thermosensors. Much of this work has involved one specific channel, TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), which is both a receptor for capsaicin and related pungent vanilloid compounds and a “heat receptor,” capable of directly depolarizing neurons in response to temperatures >42°C. Evidence for a contribution of TRPV1 to peripheral thermosensation has come from pharmacological, physiological, and genetic approaches. In contrast, although capsaicin-sensitive mechanisms clearly influence core body temperature regulation, the specific contribution of TRPV1 to this process remains a matter of debate. Besides TRPV1, at least six additional thermally sensitive TRP channels have been identified in mammals, and many of these also appear to participate in thermosensation. Moreover, the identification of invertebrate TRP channels, whose genetic ablation alters thermally driven behaviors, makes it clear that thermosensation represents an evolutionarily conserved role of this ion channel family.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Profiling of Identified Neurons in Leech

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Heath-Heckman ◽  
Shinja Yoo ◽  
Christopher Winchell ◽  
Maurizio Pellegrino ◽  
James Angstadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Identified Neurons ◽  
Hcn Channels

ABSTRACTWhile leeches in the genus Hirudo have long been models for neurobiology, the molecular underpinnings of nervous system structure and function in this group remain largely unknown. To begin to bridge this gap, we performed RNASeq on pools of identified neurons of the central nervous system (CNS): sensory T (touch), P (pressure) and N (nociception) neurons; neurosecretory Retzius cells; and ganglia from which these four cell types had been removed. Bioinformatic analyses identified 2,812 putative genes whose expression differed significantly among the samples. These genes clustered into 7 groups which could be associated with one or more of the identified cell types. We verified predicted expression patterns through in situ hybridization on whole CNS ganglia, and found that orthologous genes were for the most part similarly expressed in a divergent leech genus, suggesting evolutionarily conserved roles for these genes. Transcriptional profiling allowed us to identify candidate phenotype-defining genes from expanded gene families. Thus, we identified one of eight hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide gated (HCN) channels as a candidate for mediating the prominent sag current in P neurons, and found that one of five inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), representing a sub-family of IP3Rs absent from vertebrate genomes, is expressed with high specificity in T cells. We also identified one of two piezo genes, two of ~65 deg/enac genes, and one of at least 16 transient receptor potential (trp) genes as prime candidates for involvement in sensory transduction in the three distinct classes of leech mechanosensory neurons.

scholarly journals A Transient Receptor Potential Ion Channel in Chlamydomonas Shares Key Features with Sensory Transduction-Associated TRP Channels in Mammals

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Arias-Darraz ◽  
Deny Cabezas ◽  
Charlotte K. Colenso ◽  
Melissa Alegría-Arcos ◽  
Felipe Bravo-Moraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channel ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Transient Receptor

Immunolocalization of TRPC channel subunits 1 and 4 in the chicken retina

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOTT CROUSILLAC ◽  
MICHELLE LEROUGE ◽  
MICHELE RANKIN ◽  
EVANNA GLEASON
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Retinal Cell ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Adult Chicken ◽  
Chicken Retina

In the vertebrate retina, multiple cell types express G protein-coupled receptors linked to the IP3 signaling pathway. The signaling engendered by activation of this pathway can involve activation of calcium permeable transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. To begin to understand the role of these channels in the retina, we undertake an immunocytochemical localization of two TRP channel subunits. Polyclonal antibodies raised against mammalian TRPC1 and TRPC4 are used to localize the expression of these proteins in sections of the adult chicken retina. Western blot analysis indicates that these antibodies recognize avian TRPC1 and TRPC4. TRPC1 labeling is almost completely confined to the inner plexiform layer (IPL) where it labels a subset of processes that ramify in three broad stripes. Occasionally, cell bodies are labeled. These can be found in the inner nuclear layer (INL) proximal to the IPL, the IPL, and the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Double-labeling experiments using a polyclonal antibody that recognizes brain nitric oxide synthase (bNOS) in the chicken indicate that many of the TRPC1-positive processes and cell bodies also express bNOS. Labeling with the TRPC4 antibody was much more widespread with some degree of labeling found in all layers of the retina. TRPC4 immunoreactivity was found in the photoreceptor layer, in the outer plexiform layer (OPL), in radially oriented cells in the INL, diffusely in the IPL, and in vertically oriented elements below the GCL. Double-labeling experiments with a monoclonal antibody raised against vimentin indicate that the TRPC4-positive structures in the INL and below the GCL are Müller cells. Thus, TRPC1 and TRPC4 subunits have unique expression patterns in the adult chicken retina. The distributions of these two subunits indicate that different retinal cell types express TRP channels containing different subunits.

scholarly journals Transient receptor potential ion channel function in sensory transduction and cellular signaling cascades underlying visceral hypersensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (6) ◽  
pp. G635-G648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafne Balemans ◽  
Guy E. Boeckxstaens ◽  
Karel Talavera ◽  
Mira M. Wouters
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Trp Channel ◽  
Visceral Afferents ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Transient Receptor

Visceral hypersensitivity is an important mechanism underlying increased abdominal pain perception in functional gastrointestinal disorders including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease in remission. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood, recent studies described upregulation and altered functions of nociceptors and their signaling pathways in aberrant visceral nociception, in particular the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family. A variety of TRP channels are present in the gastrointestinal tract (TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM2, TRPM5, and TRPM8), and modulation of their function by increased activation or sensitization (decreased activation threshold) or altered expression in visceral afferents have been reported in visceral hypersensitivity. TRP channels directly detect or transduce osmotic, mechanical, thermal, and chemosensory stimuli. In addition, pro-inflammatory mediators released in tissue damage or inflammation can activate receptors of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily leading to TRP channel sensitization and activation, which amplify pain and neurogenic inflammation. In this review, we highlight the present knowledge on the functional roles of neuronal TRP channels in visceral hypersensitivity and discuss the signaling pathways that underlie TRP channel modulation. We propose that a better understanding of TRP channels and their modulators may facilitate the development of more selective and effective therapies to treat visceral hypersensitivity.

Pivotal role of Transient Receptor Potential Channels in oral physiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Chalazias ◽  
Grigorios Plemmenos ◽  
Evangelos Evangeliou ◽  
Christina Piperi
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Dental Pain ◽  
Temporomandibular Joints ◽  
Transient Receptor

Background: Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels constitute a large family of non-selective permeable ion channels involved in the perception of environmental stimuli with a central and continuously expanding role in oral tissue homeostasis. Recent studies indicate the regulatory role of TRPs in pulp physiology, oral mucosa sensation, dental pain nociception and salivary gland secretion. This review provides an update on the diverse functions of TRP channels in the physiology of oral cavity, with emphasis on their cellular location, the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical significance. Methods: A structured search of bibliographic databases (PubMed and MEDLINE) was performed for peer reviewed studies on TRP channels function on oral cavity physiology the last ten years. A qualitative content analysis was performed in screened papers and a critical discussion of main findings is provided. Results: TRPs expression has been detected in major cell types of the oral cavity, including odontoblasts, periodontal ligament, oral epithelial, salivary gland cells, and chondrocytes of temporomandibular joints, where they mediate signal perception and transduction of mechanical, thermal, and osmotic stimuli. They contribute to pulp physiology through dentin formation, mineralization, and periodontal ligament formation along with alveolar bone remodeling in dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells. TRPs are also involved in oral mucosa sensation, dental pain nociception, saliva secretion, swallowing reflex and temporomandibular joints' development. Conclusion: Various TRP channels regulate oral cavity homeostasis, playing an important role in the transduction of external stimuli to intracellular signals in a cell type-specific manner and presenting promising drug targets for the development of pharmacological strategies to manage oral diseases.

scholarly journals Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 and Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 in the Gut of the Peri-Weaning Pig Is Strongly Dependent on Age and Intestinal Site

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2417
Author(s):  
Elout Van Liefferinge ◽  
Noémie Van Noten ◽  
Jeroen Degroote ◽  
Gunther Vrolix ◽  
Mario Van Poucke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enteroendocrine Cells ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Transient Receptor

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels contribute to sensory transduction in the body, agonized by a variety of stimuli, such as phytochemicals, and they are predominantly distributed in afferent neurons. Evidence indicates their expression in non-neuronal cells, demonstrating their ability to modulate gastrointestinal function. Targeting TRP channels could potentially be used to regulate gastrointestinal secretion and motility, yet their expression in the pig is unknown. This study investigated TRPA1 and TRPV1 expression in different gut locations of piglets of varying age. Colocalization with enteroendocrine cells was established by immunohistochemistry. Both channels were expressed in the gut mucosa. TRPV1 mRNA abundance increased gradually in the stomach and small intestine with age, most notably in the distal small intestine. In contrast, TRPA1 exhibited sustained expression across ages and locations, with the exception of higher expression in the pylorus at weaning. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the endocrine nature of both channels, showing the highest frequency of colocalization in enteroendocrine cells for TRPA1. Specific co-localization on GLP-1 immunoreactive cells indicated their possible role in GLP-1 release and the concomitant intestinal feedback mechanism. Our results indicate that TRPA1 and TRPV1 could play a role in gut enteroendocrine activity. Moreover, age and location in the gut significantly affected gene expression.

scholarly journals Transcriptional profiling of identified neurons in leech

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Heath-Heckman ◽  
Shinja Yoo ◽  
Christopher Winchell ◽  
Maurizio Pellegrino ◽  
James Angstadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Identified Neurons ◽  
Hcn Channels

Abstract Background While leeches in the genus Hirudo have long been models for neurobiology, the molecular underpinnings of nervous system structure and function in this group remain largely unknown. To begin to bridge this gap, we performed RNASeq on pools of identified neurons of the central nervous system (CNS): sensory T (touch), P (pressure) and N (nociception) neurons; neurosecretory Retzius cells; and ganglia from which these four cell types had been removed. Results Bioinformatic analyses identified 3565 putative genes whose expression differed significantly among the samples. These genes clustered into 9 groups which could be associated with one or more of the identified cell types. We verified predicted expression patterns through in situ hybridization on whole CNS ganglia, and found that orthologous genes were for the most part similarly expressed in a divergent leech genus, suggesting evolutionarily conserved roles for these genes. Transcriptional profiling allowed us to identify candidate phenotype-defining genes from expanded gene families. Thus, we identified one of eight hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide gated (HCN) channels as a candidate for mediating the prominent sag current in P neurons, and found that one of five inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), representing a sub-family of IP3Rs absent from vertebrate genomes, is expressed with high specificity in T cells. We also identified one of two piezo genes, two of ~ 65 deg/enac genes, and one of at least 16 transient receptor potential (trp) genes as prime candidates for involvement in sensory transduction in the three distinct classes of leech mechanosensory neurons. Conclusions Our study defines distinct transcriptional profiles for four different neuronal types within the leech CNS, in addition to providing a second ganglionic transcriptome for the species. From these data we identified five gene families that may facilitate the sensory capabilities of these neurons, thus laying the basis for future work leveraging the strengths of the leech system to investigate the molecular processes underlying and linking mechanosensation, cell type specification, and behavior.

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