scholarly journals Biologging of emperor penguins – attachment techniques and associated deployment performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aymeric Houstin ◽  
Daniel P. Zitterbart ◽  
Alexander Winterl ◽  
Sebastian Richter ◽  
Víctor Planas-Bielsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
The Three Rs

An increasing number of marine animals are equipped with biologgers, to study their physiology, behaviour and ecology, often for conservation purposes. To minimise the impacts of biologgers on the animals′ welfare, the Refinement principle from the Three Rs framework (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) urges to continuously test and evaluate new and updated biologging protocols. Here, we propose alternative and promising techniques for emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri ) capture and on–site logger deployment that aim to mitigate the potential negative impacts of logger deployment on these birds. We equipped adult emperor penguins for short–term (GPS, Time–Depth Recorder (TDR)) and long–term (i.e. planned for one year) deployments (ARGOS platforms, TDR), as well as juvenile emperor penguins for long-term deployments (ARGOS platforms) in the Weddell Sea area where they had not yet been studied. We describe and qualitatively evaluate our protocols for the attachment of biologgers on–site at the colony, the capture of the animals and the recovery of the devices after deployment. We report unprecedented recaptures of long–term equipped adult emperor penguins (50% of equipped individuals recaptured after 290 days). Our data demonstrate that the traditional technique of long–term attachment by gluing the biologgers directly to the back feathers is detrimental to the birds. It causes excessive feather breakage and the loss of the devices at an early stage. We therefore propose an alternative method of attachment for back–mounted devices. This technique led to successful year–round deployments on 37.5% of the equipped juveniles. Finally, we also disclose the first deployments of leg–bracelet mounted TDRs on emperor penguins. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring potential impacts of biologger deployments on the animals and the need to remain critical towards established and new protocols.

ADDRESS (ADministration of DRotrecogin alfa [activated] in Early stage Severe Sepsis) long-term follow-up: One-year safety and efficacy evaluation*

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1457-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Francois Laterre ◽  
Edward Abraham ◽  
Jonathan M. Janes ◽  
Benjamin L. Trzaskoma ◽  
Nancy L. Correll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Drotrecogin Alfa ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Drotrecogin Alfa Activated ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
One Year

Population estimates of emperor penguins at Amanda Bay, Ingrid Christensen Coast, Antarctica

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Wienecke ◽  
Peter Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Population ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
History Of ◽  
Penguin Colony ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTIn 2008, the emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri colony at Amanda Bay, East Antarctica, was designated an Antarctic Specially Protected Area by the 31st Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting in Kyiv, Ukraine. It is only the third emperor penguin colony in the Australian Antarctic Territory to receive this status. The colony has been known to exist since 1956 and numerous visits have been made to it, especially by personnel from Australia's Davis station. On a number of occasions, attempts were made to estimate the number of birds in the colony in order to obtain an insight into the size of the breeding population. Here we report on the history of visitation to the colony since the 1950s and examine the quality of information collected with regard to the usefulness of this information in terms of population analyses. We also report the results of the first visit to the Amanda Bay colony made in winter with the specific purpose of estimating the number of birds present and of highlighting the need for long term monitoring programmes to assess the viability of emperor penguins in future.

Adjuvant (adj) bevacizumab (B) plus dose-dense (dd) doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by nanoparticle albumin- bound paclitaxel (nab-p) in early stage breast cancer (BC) patients (pts): Cardiac safety

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 567-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Dickler ◽  
T. Traina ◽  
K. Panageas ◽  
R. Steingart ◽  
C. Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Cardiac Monitoring ◽  
Cardiac Safety ◽  
Lv Dysfunction ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dose Dense

567 Background: Dose dense, q2 wk AC-paclitaxel (T) is superior to q3 wk therapy (Rx) (Citron, JCO 2003). The risk of congestive heart failure (CHF) with ddAC-T is not increased at <1%. In MBC, B improves PFS when added to T (Miller, SABCS 2005). It is unclear if doxorubicin plus B increases risk of CHF. Hence, we are testing the cardiac safety of ddAC-nab-p with concurrent B as adj therapy. Based upon the accepted cardiac event (CE) rate of ≤4% in trials with adj trastuzumab (an agent with known cardiac toxicity), we designed this study with similar monitoring & tolerability thresholds. The primary endpoint is cardiac safety, defined as discontinuation of B due to cardiac death from LV dysfunction or symptomatic CHF (dyspnea and LVEF<50%). Secondary endpoints: toxicity, disease-free & overall survival. Methods: Eligible pts have resected HER2(-) BC and normal LVEF. Rx consists of q2wk AC (60/600 mg/m2) ×4 then nab-p (260 mg/m2) x4 with pegfilgrastim on Day 2 plus B for one year (10mg/kg IV q2wk ×8 with chemoRx then B 15mg/kg q3wk); radiation & endocrine Rx per standard of care. MUGA obtained at baseline & mos. 2, 6, 9, 18. Pts with significant asymptomatic ↓LVEF during Rx may have B held per protocol. These pts are not counted as CEs but will have long-term cardiac monitoring. Accrual goal is 75 pts. If ≥3 CE (∼4.7%) or >1 cardiac death from LV dysfunction, B + ddAC-nab-p will not be considered safe. Results: 44 pts have enrolled, median (med) age 46.5 yrs (33–67). 28 pts have baseline & month 2 LVEF data: med baseline LVEF 68% (61–82), med LVEF at mo. 2 after ddAC+B 68% (53–75); 1 pt had an 18 point asymptomatic drop to 53% - B held but reinitiated in 4 wks with repeat LVEF 63%. 12 pts completed nab-p+B but none have reached the 6 mo. MUGA. Rx-related Gr 3/4 toxicity: neutropenia gr4 (6.8%), diarrhea gr3 (2.3%), hypertension gr3 (2.3%), neuropathy gr 3 (2.3%), fatigue gr 3 (2.3%), mucositis gr 3 (2.3%). 4 pts have withdrawn from study Rx, but only 1 due to toxicity including gr3 fatigue, mucositis & neuropathy. Conclusions: No LV dysfunction has been observed with B + ddAC-nab-p; this trial is on-going. Long-term follow-up and analysis of troponin, renin and circulating endothelial & tumor cells are planned. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Best practice recommendations for the use of external telemetry devices on pinnipeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Horning ◽  
Russel D. Andrews ◽  
Amanda M. Bishop ◽  
Peter L. Boveng ◽  
Daniel P. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Experimental Justification ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Current Guidance ◽  
The Three Rs

Abstract Pinnipeds spend large portions of their lives at sea, submerged, or hauled-out on land, often on remote off-shore islands. This fundamentally limits access by researchers to critical parts of pinniped life history and has spurred the development and implementation of a variety of externally attached telemetry devices (ETDs) to collect information about movement patterns, physiology and ecology of marine animals when they cannot be directly observed. ETDs are less invasive and easier to apply than implanted internal devices, making them more widely used. However, ETDs have limited retention times and their use may result in negative short- and long-term consequences including capture myopathy, impacts to energetics, behavior, and entanglement risk. We identify 15 best practice recommendations for the use of ETDs with pinnipeds that address experimental justification, animal capture, tag design, tag attachment, effects assessments, preparation, and reporting. Continued improvement of best practices is critical within the framework of the Three Rs (Reduction, Refinement, Replacement); these best practice recommendations provide current guidance to mitigate known potential negative outcomes for individuals and local populations. These recommendations were developed specifically for pinnipeds; however, they may also be applicable to studies of other marine taxa. We conclude with four desired future directions for the use of ETDs in technology development, validation studies, experimental designs and data sharing.

scholarly journals CHERISH: Understanding Suicide Clusters tHrough ExploRIng Self Harm behaviours

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Delpozo-Banos ◽  
Keith Hawton ◽  
David Gunnel ◽  
Keith Lloyd ◽  
Jonathan Scourfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Suicide Clusters ◽  
One Year ◽  
Suicide Cluster

ABSTRACTObjectivesIn Wales suicide accounts for 20% of deaths among men aged 15-24 years and almost 10% of deaths among women of that age. Up to 2% of suicides in young people are thought to occur in clusters. Yet, our understanding of the social and psychological determinants of suicide clusters is limited, with none of the cross-discipline theories proposed having been tested via in-depth research on an actual cluster. This HCRW funded mixed methods study had qualitative and quantitative data linkage work packages to explore here the factors that trigger a suicide cluster, cause it to continue and then eventually subside. ApproachThe data of 1866 individuals’ who attended the Princes of Wales Hospital emergency department (ED) with self harm between 1st January 2006 and 31st December 2013 was anonymously linked within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank. We had a matching rate of 99.7. We performed both time-trend analysis on this data around the apparant suicide cluster in 2007-08, and a comparison across three defined populations: those attending ED at the time of the cluster; those attending during the same period, one year before; and those attending one year after. ResultsWe are able to present the characteristics of those who attend ED during a cluster with self harm compared to those who attend at other times and their long term outcomes. ConclusionTo inform the development of appropriate policy to respond to suicide clusters at an early stage.

The Residual Bolt Force and the Sealing Performance of Flanged Connections With Expanded PTFE Gaskets (Based on Test Results for One Year)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kobayashi ◽  
Taiki Hagiri ◽  
Kengou Nishiura ◽  
Masaaki Hiratsuka ◽  
Katsutoyo Itoi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Thermal Characteristic ◽  
Temperature Dependency ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Viscoelastic Characteristic ◽  
Sealing Performance ◽  
One Year

It is known that bolt forces reduce significantly after tightening bolted flanged connections in which expanded PTFE gaskets are used. Bolts are often post-tightened in practice after initial tightening to compensate for the reduction of bolt forces. The viscoelastic characteristic of expanded PTFE gaskets is thought to be the main cause for the phenomenon. Some gasket users are not confident whether the bolt forces remain above a minimum required gasket load until next maintenance. However, the long term characteristics of the residual bolt forces and the sealing performance of flanged connections have not been clarified yet. In this study, using flanged connections with expanded PTFE gaskets, the reduction of bolt forces and the change in the sealing performance were measured at room temperature for one year. Based on the test results, the residual bolt force and the sealing performance were studied. It was clarified that bolt forces converges to a certain level at early stage within almost 1000 hours. After that, the bolt forces were significantly affected by the ambient temperature change. This is because the thermal expansion of PTFE material is high and also the thermal characteristic of PTFE material has a temperature dependency. It was confirmed that although the bolt force reduced significantly at early stage, it is maintained in long-term. The sealing performance was improved due to the increased compression of gasket.

scholarly journals Climate change effects on emperor penguins

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Casilda Saavedra ◽  
Taibah Alhatem
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Ice Coverage ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Mother Earth

Climate change is one of the major issues affecting our mother Earth. The change in climate include both the change intemperature and the change in precipitation. Both of these parameters are very crucial to animals and plants where they depend onthem for their survival. Climate change has so many negative impacts on the biodiversity of the Earth especially in the Arctic andAntarctic continents. The rise in temperature decreases the ice coverage which in return reduces the population of the wildlife. Theice coverage is crucial to the biodiversity living in Antarctica where they depend on it for their survival. It’s very important for theirfeeding, breeding, and habitat. However, with the reduction of ice, many animals are becoming close to extinction. One of thosespecies that were negatively impacted by climate change is emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri). These penguins require verylow temperatures in order to breed and populate. Very high temperatures for these penguins could result in decreased population ratearound Antarctica. An analysis was done of emperor penguin population data found in different research papers in conjunction withtemperature anomalies data in Antarctica from 1983 to 2005 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).The results indicated that there was an inverse relationship between the temperature and the penguin’s population. It was shownthrough the analysis conducted that the temperature impacted the penguins negatively throughout the years since the temperaturewas rising. It decreased their breeding population and chicks count dramatically in all the parts of Antarctica tested.

scholarly journals Extreme Achalasia Presenting as Anorexia Nervosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Goldsmith ◽  
B. Decadt
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy ◽  
Feeding Jejunostomy ◽  
Definitive Surgery ◽  
One Year ◽  
Laparoscopic Feeding Jejunostomy

Background. Achalasia may lead to cachexia if not diagnosed in an early stage. Surgery in cachectic patients is hazardous and complications may result in a protracted recovery or even death. Different treatment options have been described. In this paper, we report a stepwise surgical laparoscopic approach which appears to be safe and effective.Methods. Over a one-year period, a patient with a body mass index (BMI) below 17 being treated for anorexia nervosa was referred with dysphagia. Because of the extreme cachexia, a laparoscopic feeding jejunostomy (LFJ) was fashioned to enable long-term home enteral feeding. The patient underwent a laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) when the BMI was normal.Results. The patient recovered well following this stepwise approach.Conclusion. Patients with advanced achalasia usually present with extreme weight loss. In this small group of patients, a period of home enteral nutrition (HEN) via a laparoscopically placed feeding jejunostomy allows weight gain prior to safe definitive surgery.

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