scholarly journals Universal and Programmable Thinning and Thickening of Topologically-Active DNA Fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Michieletto ◽  
Philip Neill ◽  
Simon Weir ◽  
Vincent Arnaud Martinez ◽  
David Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Polymeric Fluids ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
New Class ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Understanding and controlling the rheology of polymeric fluids that are out-of-equilibrium is a fundamental problem in biology and industry. For example, to package, repair, and replicate DNA, cells use enzymes to constantly manipulate DNA topology, length, and structure. Inspired by this impressive feat, we combine experiments with theory and simulations to show that complex fluids of entangled DNA display a rich range of non-equilibrium material properties when undergoing enzymatic reactions that alter their topology and size. We reveal that while enzymatically-active fluids of linear DNA display universal viscous thinning, circular DNA fluids - undergoing the same non-equilibrium process - display thickening with a rate and degree that can be tuned by the DNA and enzyme concentrations. Our results open the way for the topological functionalization of DNA-based materials via naturally occurring enzymes to create a new class of "topologically-active" materials that can autonomously alter their rheological properties in a programmable manner.

scholarly journals Influence of dynamic non-equilibrium processes on strength and plasticity of materials of transportation systems

Transport ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Chausov ◽  
Andriy Pylypenko ◽  
Valentyn Berezin ◽  
Kateryna Volyanska ◽  
Pavlo Maruschak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Initial Structure ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Aircraft Material ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Strength And Plasticity ◽  
Fracture Of Materials ◽  
Non Equilibrium

New experimental results on the effect of additional force impulse loading on the variation of the initial structure of the aircraft material (alloys D16, 2024-T3, VT22) at various stages of deformation are presented and a significant enhancement of its initial plasticity is achieved. Complex investigations into the material properties after a dynamic non-equilibrium process made it possible to describe the main regularities in the nature of deformation and fracture of materials, which allowed proposing general recommendations on using the revealed physical and mechanical regularities in the evaluation of strength of aircraft structures.

scholarly journals Tunable thermo-reversible bicontinuous nanoparticle gel driven by the binary solvent segregation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyin Xi ◽  
Ronald S. Lankone ◽  
Li-Piin Sung ◽  
Yun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Domain Size ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Colloidal Assembly ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Equilibrium Structures ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractBicontinuous porous structures through colloidal assembly realized by non-equilibrium process is crucial to various applications, including water treatment, catalysis and energy storage. However, as non-equilibrium structures are process-dependent, it is very challenging to simultaneously achieve reversibility, reproducibility, scalability, and tunability over material structures and properties. Here, a novel solvent segregation driven gel (SeedGel) is proposed and demonstrated to arrest bicontinuous structures with excellent thermal structural reversibility and reproducibility, tunable domain size, adjustable gel transition temperature, and amazing optical properties. It is achieved by trapping nanoparticles into one of the solvent domains upon the phase separation of the binary solvent. Due to the universality of the solvent driven particle phase separation, SeedGel is thus potentially a generic method for a wide range of colloidal systems.

2,2-Dialkylacetic Acids -A New Class of Naturally Occurring Lipid Constituents

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gottfried Raab ◽  
Jürgen Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Relative Retention Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
South American ◽  
Time Data ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relative Retention ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract The uropygial gland waxes of the South American red-legged Seriema (Cariama cristata (L., 1766)) were found to be composed of unbranched alcohols and 2,2′-dialkyl-substituted acetic acids which so far have not been found in skin lipids. When used as a chemosystematic character, the occurrence of this lipid class separates the order Cariamiformes (Seriemas) from all other avian orders hitherto investigated, especially from the Gruiformes (cranes and rails) to which they have been tentatively attributed in the past. From the GC retention time data now available for a series of 2-alkyl-substituted fatty acid methyl esters relative retention time indices for other compounds may be predicted.

New class of polyomavirus mutant that can persist as free copies in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3920-3927
Author(s):  
K Ariizumi ◽  
H Ariga
Keyword(s):  
Embryonal Carcinoma ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
New Class ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Ec Cells ◽  
F9 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells

A small circular DNA was found extrachromosomally in a clone of F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells at high copy numbers per cell. The DNA was cloned in plasmid pUC19. Restriction endonuclease analyses of the DNA indicated that the DNA (fPyF9) was a mutant of polyomavirus (Py) DNA and had a mutation in a noncoding regulatory region. There have been many reports on the isolation of Py mutants capable of replication in undifferentiated cells. However, fPyF9 was different from other Py mutants in the following aspects: it was harbored stably as a free copy at 1 X 10(4) to 5 X 10(4) copies per cell in EC cells; it replicated in undifferentiated cells better than in differentiated cells; it was extremely rearranged in the sequences of the enhancer B domain; and it carried in the enhancer B domain three copies of an exogenous sequence which does not exist in Py strain A2. From these observations, we propose a new class of Py EC mutant which has an autonomous state similar to that of plasmid and small circular DNA in host cells.

Self-Organisation of the Heat Resistant Steel Structure Following Dynamic Non-Equilibrium Processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 917-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Chausov ◽  
Pavlo Maruschak ◽  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Andriy Pylypenko ◽  
Valentyn Berezin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissipative Structure ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Resistant Steel ◽  
Heat Resistant Steel ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Using an original experimental methodology and software for contactless investigation into strains applying the method of digital image correlation, conditions for DNP realization in the test setup with pre-set rigidity have been found. Strain velocities have been determined to be equal to 2...10 s–1 in the processes of forming and developing a dissipative structure of heat resistant steel under the DNP (dynamic non-equilibrium process).

scholarly journals Interplay of structural and dynamical heterogeneity in the nucleation mechanism in Ni

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grisell Díaz Leines ◽  
Angelos Michaelides ◽  
Jutta Rogal
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Nucleation Mechanism ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Crystal Nucleation ◽  
Dynamical Heterogeneity ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Gaining fundamental understanding of crystal nucleation processes in metal alloys is crucial for the development and design of high-performance materials with targeted properties. Yet, crystallizationis a complex non-equilibrium process and,...

scholarly journals SiSn mediated formation of polycrystalline SiGeSn

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Shimura ◽  
Masaki Okado ◽  
Tokimune Motofuji ◽  
Hirokazu TATSUOKA
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Amorphous Si ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Abstract Si1-xSnx and Si1-x-yGexSny polycrystalline thin layers were grown using Sn nanodots as crystal nuclei. Si1-xSnx crystallization occurred around Sn nanodots, and the substitutional Sn content was estimated as high as 1.5%. In the case of the poly-Si1-x-yGexSny, Ge and Si were deposited simultaneously on the Sn nanodots, however, Ge was preferentially incorporated into the Sn nanodots, resulting in the formation of the poly-Si1-x-yGexSny with amorphous Si residue. It was found that the poly-Si1-xSnx formed by the Sn nanodots mediated formation can be used as the new virtual substrate to be alloyed with Ge, namely the 2step formation process consisting of poly-Si1-xSnx crystallization and Ge alloying with the Si1-xSnx is the effective formation process for the poly-Si1-x-yGexSny formation. This non-equilibrium process with achieving crystallization resulted in the substitutional Si and Sn content in the as-grown poly-Si1-x-yGexSny as high as 19.4% and 3.4%, respectively.

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