scholarly journals Entitled to Property: Inheritance Laws, Female Bargaining Power, and Child Health in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Plamen Nikolov ◽  
Shahadath Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Parental Investments ◽  
Family Behavior ◽  
Child Height ◽  
The Family ◽  
Property Inheritance ◽  
Robust Evidence

Child height is a significant predictor of human capital and economic status throughout adulthood. Moreover, non-unitary household models of family behavior posit that an increase in women's bargaining power can influence child health. We study the effects of an inheritance policy change, the Hindu Succession Act (HSA), which conferred enhanced inheritance rights to unmarried women in rural India, on child height. We find robust evidence that the HSA improved the height and weight of children. In addition, we find evidence consistent with a channel that the policy improved the women's intrahousehold bargaining power within the household, leading to improved parental investments for children. These study findings are also compatible with the notion that children do better when their mothers control a more significant fraction of the family. Therefore, policies that empower women can have additional positive spillovers for children's human capital.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN STATUS EKONOMI KELUARGA DENGAN PERILAKU PENGOBATAN SENDIRI (SELF-MEDICATION)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Dewi Utari ◽  
Wiwing Setiono
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Behavior ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Health degree is an important component of health development. One of the indicators is morbidity rate. Based on National Health Survey in 2008, the number of morbidity rate is 33.24% where 65.59% of population applied self-medication to treat their health problems. Many factors influence people to use self-medication. Family economic status is suspected to be one of them. Objective: This study aimed to identify the correlation between family economic status and self medication behavior. Methods: A quantitative cross sectional design study with retrospective approach was applied. Cluster random sampling technique was employed to 71 respondents. The Kendall Tau test was performed to analyze the data. The probability risk factors of self-medication was identified using odds ratio. Results: The family economic status were gained with 81.7% in high category and 15.5% in low category. The result of self-medication behavior showed 69% of the respondents often did self-medication, 15.5% rarely, and 15.5% never. The Kendall Tau correlation was 0,515 (p<0.05) and the odds ratio was 8,941. Conclusion: There is a moderate correlation between family economic status and self-medication behavior where the family with high economic status is more likely implement self-medication 8,941 times more than the one with low economic status. Keywords: Economic Status, Family, Behavior, Self-Medication

scholarly journals Do grandparents compete with or support their grandchildren? In Guatemala, paternal grandmothers may compete, and maternal grandmothers may cooperate

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 160069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Sheppard ◽  
Rebecca Sear
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Child Height ◽  
The Family ◽  
Paternal Grandmother ◽  
Investment Advice

Previous research has found that the presence of grandparents, particularly grandmothers, is often positively associated with child survival. Little research has explored the potential mechanisms driving these associations. We use data from rural Guatemala to test whether contact with and direct investment (advice and financial) from grandparents is associated with child health, proxied by height. Our results demonstrate the complexity of family relationships and their influence on child health, suggesting that both cooperative and competitive relationships exist within the family. The clearest evidence we find for grandparental influence is that having a living paternal grandmother tends to be negatively associated with child height. By contrast, contact with maternal kin appears broadly to be beneficial for child height, although these relationships are weaker. These patterns are mirrored in maternal body mass index, suggesting grandparental influence acts partly through maternal health. These findings support the hypotheses that, under conditions of limited resources, family relationships may be competitive within the family lineage which shares the same resource base, but cooperative when there are few costs to cooperation. Finally, financial assistance from maternal grandfathers is positively correlated with infant length but negatively with the height of older children, perhaps because the receipt of financial support is an indication of need. The provision of advice shows no associations with child height.

Gender and Sibling Dynamics in the Intergenerational Transmission of Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Mishkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Parental Investments ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Capital Acquisition

This project uses gender and sibling dynamics to explore the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship. I find that the transmission of self-employment from fathers to daughters is significantly reduced when there are sons in the family. I interpret this as evidence that the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship is driven, at least in part, by costly investments by parents, which can be crowded out by or redirected toward brothers. I investigate specific types of parental investments—transfers of money, businesses, and human capital—that potentially underlie this transmission and conclude that sons reduce human-capital acquisition by daughters. If all daughters of self-employed men experienced the “sisters-only” level of transmission, the overall gender gap in self-employment would be reduced by roughly 15%. This paper was accepted by Toby Stuart, entrepreneurship and innovation.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN STATUS EKONOMI KELUARGA DENGAN PERILAKU PENGOBATAN SENDIRI (SELF-MEDICATION)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Dewi Utari ◽  
Wiwing Setiono
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Behavior ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Health degree is an important component of health development. One of the indicators is morbidity rate. Based on National Health Survey in 2008, the number of morbidity rate is 33.24% where 65.59% of population applied self-medication to treat their health problems. Many factors influence people to use self-medication. Family economic status is suspected to be one of them. Objective: This study aimed to identify the correlation between family economic status and self-medication behavior. Methods: A quantitative cross sectional design study with retrospective approach was applied. Cluster random sampling technique was employed to 71 respondents. The Kendall Tau test was performed to analyze the data. The probability risk factors of self-medication was identified using odds ratio. Results: The family economic status were gained with 81.7% in high category and 15.5% in low category. The result of self-medication behavior showed 69% of the respondents often did self-medication, 15.5% rarely, and 15.5% never. The Kendall Tau correlation was 0,515 (p<0.05) and the odds ratio was 8,941. Conclusion: There is a moderate correlation between family economic status and self-medication behavior where the family with high economic status is more likely implement self-medication 8,941 times more than the one with low economic status. Keywords: Economic Status, Family, Behavior, Self-Medication

Economics of the Family: Marriage, Children, and Human Capital.

Demography ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Frank D. Bean ◽  
Theodore W. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economics Of The Family ◽  
The Family

Nordic retirement contracts and the economic situation of widows

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEATRICE MORING
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Right

The aim of this article is to explore the economic status and the quality of life of widows in the Nordic past, based on the evidence contained in retirement contracts. Analysis of these contracts also shows the ways in which, and when, land and the authority invested in the headship of the household were transferred between generations in the Nordic countryside. After the early eighteenth century, retirement contracts became more detailed but these should be viewed not as a sign of tension between the retirees and their successors but as a family insurance strategy designed to protect the interests of younger siblings of the heir and his or her old parents, particularly if there was a danger of the property being acquired by a non-relative. Both the retirement contracts made by couples and those made by a widow alone generally guaranteed them an adequate standard of living in retirement. Widows were assured of an adequately heated room of their own, more generous provision of food than was available to many families, clothing and the right to continue to work, for example at spinning and milking, but to be excused heavy labour. However, when the land was to be retained by the family, in many cases there was no intention of establishing a separate household.

It Doesn't Work!

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Hugh C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Central Office ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Child Health Care ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
The Family

In the April 1977 issue of Pediatrics (59:636, 1977), Dr. Cunningham recommends that the patient's medical record be given to the family to keep. He urges that the Committee on Standards of Child Health Care consider this subject. For at least 20 years the American Academy of Pediatrics has published for this very purpose, a "Child Health Record." This is publication HE-4 of the Academy and was last revised in 1968. The central office of the Academy tells me that, at the present time, between 50,000 and 100,000 of these are sold annually to physicians for the distribution that Dr. Cunningham recommends.

International Conference on Child Day-Care Health: Opening Remarks

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-987
Author(s):  
Hu Ching-Li
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
World Health ◽  
Child Day Care ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

It is important to recall the definition of health embodied in the Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) over 45 years ago: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic, or social condition." Among the Organization's mandated functions is "to promote maternal and child health and welfare and to foster the ability to live harmoniously in a changing total environment." The challenge of that task is no less today than it was then. Historically, societies have evolved various patterns of family structure for social and economic functions. In preindustrial societies there evolved a great concordance between these functions, with many of the health, developmental, and socialization functions taking place first within the family and then within the immediate community. The rapid social changes of both the industrial and information revolutions have changed drastically the functions of the family, and have shifted many of the health, developmental, and social functions to nonfamily institutions, from which families are often excluded or marginally involved. Much of the international attention to child health in this last decade has been directed at simple interventions to prevent the nearly 13 million deaths each year of children under 5: universal child immunization; the control of diarrheal and acute respiratory diseases; and infant and young child nutrition, particularly breast-feeding.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document