scholarly journals Natural influent bioaugmentation of activated sludge water resource recovery systems: implications for low temperature nitrification and heterotrophic population structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shameem Jauffur ◽  
Zeinab Bakhshi ◽  
Dominic Frigon
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
List Type ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Test Reactor ◽  
Influent Wastewater ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

AbstractThis work aimed at demonstrating the natural bioaugmentation of biological activated sludge systems with nitrifying biomass from influent wastewater in lab-scale reactors. Three sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were fed with sterile synthetic wastewater. While nitrification was complete at a temperature of 8 °C and a SRT of 20 days, it failed when the temperature was lowered to 5 °C, and the SRT decreased to 7 days. In the test period, the sterile synthetic wastewater fed to the Test Reactor was supplemented by influent solids harvested at a full-scale treatment facility at a total suspended solids concentration of 100 mg/L, which corresponded to approximately 5 mg-COD/L of nitrifying biomass. Upon this addition, nitrification was restores. Subsequent halting the supply of influent solids to the Test Reactor led a rapid failure of nitrification and washout of nitrifiers from the SBR. Reproducibility was demonstrated by switching the feed composition between the Test and Negative control reactors. PCR-based amplicon sequencing analyses targeting the amoA, and nxrB genes of the Nitrospira genus have shown that the influent wastewater governed the structure and composition of the activated sludge nitrifying populations. The most abundant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and Nitrospira-related nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the influent seeds occurred as the most dominant ones in the activated sludge. This pattern was observed even when the influent seeds varied over time. The heterotrophic populations were less affected by the influent seeds with the activated sludge and raw sewage showing distinct microbial populations based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). However, the immigrant populations appeared to modulate the structure of the activated sludge heterotrophic communities to some extent. These findings provide concrete evidence of the presence of active nitrifiers in raw wastewater capable of supporting nitrification in an otherwise non-conducive environment. This may have important implications on process design, operation and optimization of wastewater treatment systems.HighlightsLab-scale reactors fed sterile synthetic wastewater at low temperatures and SRTs.Nitrification failed when conditions were adjusted to 5 °C and a SRT of 7 days.Nitrification restored by addition of real wastewater influent solids.Nitrifiers in solids from sewers naturally bioaugment activated sludge systems.Activated sludge models should consider the immigration of nitrifiers with influent.Graphical abstract

Effect of nickel(II) on the biomass yield of the activated sludge

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celal F. Gökçay ◽  
Ulku Yetis
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Decay Constant ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Applied Microbiology

Biomass yield of microorganisms is important in applied microbiology since it is the ultimate factor determining the amount of product produced regardless of whether product is growth-linked or not. In the case of environmental microbiology the opposite is true and minimizing the biomass produced, or the sludge in the relevant jargon, often is the prime goal. In this paper, a unique means of manipulating the microbial biomass yield of a heterogeneous culture to fulfil either of the two goals is presented. 5.0 mgl−1 Ni(II) in the feed composition to a completely mixed, once- through, activated sludge was found to induce the observed biomass yield of the microbial culture developed from sewage. As compared with the base-line study without Ni(II), where the reactor received synthetic wastewater only, true biomass yield was found to have increased along with the increased decay constant with the net effect of lowering observed biomass yield drastically at lower dilution rates and increasing it over that observed in the base-line study at higher dilution rates. At 10.0 mgl−1 influent Ni(II) concentration the culture conditions almost reverted back to the base- line study and at 25 mgl−1 Ni(II) concentration a truly steady-state condition could not be attained.

scholarly journals Coke oven wastewater treatment by two activated sludge systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

In this study two bench scale activated sludge systems were used, a CSTR and an SBR for the treatment of coke – oven wastewater. Both reactors were inoculated with activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. At the first stages of operation, reactors were feed by a mixture of municipal wastewater and synthetic wastewater. Full acclimatization of the microorganisms to synthetic wastewater was achieved in 60 days. The operation of the reactors was divided into three distinct periods. The first period was characterized by the treatment of high organic but non-toxic synthetic wastewater. During this period COD and BOD5 removal efficiencies reached 95 and 98% respectively, in both reactors. Nutrient removal was better in the SBR reactor rather than in the CSTR. In the second period phenol was added in concentrations up to 300 mg l-1. Degradation of phenol started about the 20th day after its introduction to the reactors. In this period no effects of phenol to nutrient removal were observed, whereas the removal efficiency of organic matter in both reactors was slightly decreased. During the third period phenol concentrations of the influent were gradually increased to 1000 mg l-1, while cyanide and thiocyanite were added to the influent composition to concentrations reaching concentrations of 20 and 250 mg l-1 respectively. The composition of the influent of this period was a full assimilation of coke oven wastewater. Introduction of increased phenol concentrations along with cyanide compounds initiated irreversible effects on the activated sludge microfauna of the CSTR causing inherent problems to the treatment process, while SBR showed greater capacity to withstand and degrade toxic compounds. The beginning of this period was characterized by decreased settleability of the suspended solids as well as decrease of organic matter and nutrient removal efficiencies. Monitoring of the effluent characteristics during this period reported over 90% for organic load, 85% of nutrient removal and over 90% of phenol and cyanide removal in SBR, while the removal efficiencies for the CSTR were 75, 65 and 80% respectively.

Quantification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria populations in full-scale sewage activated sludge systems and assessment of system variables affecting their performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Limpiyakorn ◽  
F. Kurisu ◽  
O. Yagi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems ◽  
Pcr Primer

This study carried out quantification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) populations in 12 full-scale sewage activated sludge systems that were different in ammonia removals and treatment processes during three different seasons. Experiment was divided into 3 parts: 1) analysis of AOB communities by PCR-DGGE-cloning-sequencing of 16S rRNA genes; 2) development of four real-time PCR primer sets for quantification of the particular AOB of interest; and 3) quantification of AOB populations by using the newly developed real-time PCR primer sets. The results suggested that all the primer sets gave good reproducibility and specificity for PCR amplification with the detection limits of 102 copies/PCR reaction. Although the 12 systems were different in several aspects, one of the identified sequence types of Nitrosomonas oligotropha cluster was the dominant AOB in every system and every season studied. However, the other sequence type of this cluster was not significantly involved in ammonia removals in the systems. The occurrence of N. communis cluster in the systems seemed to depend on the remaining oxygen concentrations in the sludge floc and thus the activity of aerobic heterotrophs in the aeration tanks. N. europaea–Nitrosococcus. mobilis solely existed in one A2O system of which the influent contained twice the chloride concentrations than those of other systems.

Distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in sewage activated sludge: analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Limpiyakorn ◽  
Y. Shinohara ◽  
F. Kurisu ◽  
O. Yagi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Process Configuration ◽  
Nitrosomonas Oligotropha ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

This study carried out analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities in 12 sewage activated sludge systems standing in eight sewage treatment plants located in Tokyo. The systems were different in the treatment process configuration: anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2O), anaerobic/aerobic (AO), and conventional activated sludge (AS) processes. AOB communities were analyzed by sequences of 16S rDNA amplicons, which were separated by denaturing gradient gel eletrophoresis (DGGE) after specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The results demonstrated that low ammonium concentrations in the influents of the 12 sewage activated sludge systems resulted in the dominance of Nitrosomonas oligotropha-like sequences. Further, Nitrosomonas europaea- and Nitrosomonas cryotolerans-like sequences were recovered from only one A2O system of which the influent contained higher ammonium and chloride concentrations than those of other systems. Nitrosomonas communis-like sequences were found in every A2O and AO system, but mostly not found in every AS system. In summary, influent characteristics and treatment process configuration affected the AOB communities in the 12 sewage activated sludge systems.

A mechanistic model for fate and removal of estrogens in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1130-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lust ◽  
J. Makinia ◽  
H. D. Stensel
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Two estrogen fate and transformation models were integrated with a comprehensive activated sludge model (ASM) to predict estrogen removal based on biomass and solids production. Model predictions were evaluated against published full-scale plant data as well as results from a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed synthetic wastewater. The estrogen fate model relating the rate of total estrogen degradation to soluble estrogen concentrations successfully predicted estrogen removals when compared with measured concentrations. Model fit 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) biodegradation rate constant was 19 to 43% of the estrone (E1) value and 31 to 72% of the 17β-estradiol (E2) value.

scholarly journals Treatment efficiency and sludge characteristics in conventional and suspended PVA gel beads activated sludge treating phenol containing wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Pva Gel ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Protozoa play a significant role in activated sludge systems, since they graze on dispersed bacteria, supporting a healthy food web in the activated sludge artificial ecosystem. However, operational parameters and influent properties are the most important factors affecting the composition of activated sludge microfauna. The objective of this study was the assessment of the treatment efficiency and the protozoan populations in activated sludge systems with and without the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel beads while treating wastewater in the presence of phenol. Six activated sludge reactors - 3 of them supplied with PVA gel beads –were used for the treatment of synthetic wastewater influent containing phenol at concentrations up to 10 mg/L. During the treatment of synthetic wastewater, dominance of the sessile species was observed mainly in the reactors supplied with PVA beads. Physicochemical analyses of the effluent indicated good efficiency of reactors supplied with PVA beads in removing nutrients and organic load. Introduction of phenol in the influent at a concentration of 5 mg/L did not affect significantly the operation of the reactors and the composition and abundance of activated sludge microfauna, while a high phenol removal rate was observed. The increase of influent phenol concentration to 10 mg/L resulted to the formation of foam on the surface of the reactors and the presence of Zoogleasp, while an increase was observed in the abundance of crawling species in activated sludge and PVA supplied reactors respectively.

The Effect of Metallic and Ionic Species on the Performance of a Biological Effluent Treatment System

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
B. Volesky ◽  
Q. Samak ◽  
P. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Abstract Review of the available results appearing in the recent literature is presented focusing particularly upon the effects of metallic ions such as Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, V, Zn, Ni and Co. Some original data involving the effects of Na are presented and discussed. Development of parameters used in evaluating the influence of toxic or inhibitory species on the mixed microbial population of an activated sludge system is of crucial importance and different techniques employed such as BOD-COD-TOC-removal rates, Oxygen Uptake Rate, and others are discussed, showing relative inadequacy of currently applied assays. From the data available, certain trends can be discerned. There is a definite threshold concentration for each metallic ion, depending on the organic load of the feed. In the order of increasing toxicity to activated sludge systems reflected in lower BOD removals the following metals have been listed as inhibiting factors at concentrations starting from 1 ppm applied on a continuous basis: hexavalent chromium, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, trivalent chromium, copper and nickel. Metals in combination have not been reported to exhibit any significantly different effects as compared to those observed with individually introduced metallic ions. Tolerance of some activated sludge systems to shock loadings by various inorganic ions and metals is reviewed. The conclusions are of particular importance for estimating the performance of biox systems handling industrial effluents which are likely to contain toxic components of inorganic or metallic nature.

On the Problem of “Two-Phase” Activated Sludge

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Szetela
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
In Series ◽  
State Models ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Steady-state models are presented to describe the wastewater treatment process in two activated sludge systems. One of these makes use of a single complete-mix reactor; the other one involves two complete-mix reactors arranged in series. The in-series system is equivalent to what is known as the “two-phase” activated sludge, a concept which is now being launched throughout Poland in conjunction with the PROMLECZ technology under implementation. Analysis of the mathematical models has revealed the following: (1) treatment efficiency, excess sludge production, energy consumption, and the degree of sludge stabilization are identical in the two systems; (2) there exists a technological equivalence of “two-phase” sludge with “single-phase” sludge; (3) the “two-phase” system has no technological advantage over the “single-phase” system.

The Use of Anoxic Selectors for the Control of Low F/M Activated Sludge Bulking

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 609-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-J. Shao ◽  
David Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Sludge Bulking ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Soluble Substrate ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Laboratory and pilot plant experiments on anoxic selector activated sludge systems were conducted on two wastewaters in some cases supplemented with nitrate, acetate or glucose. To prevent bulking sufficient anoxic selector detention time and nitrate levels must be available to reduce selector effluent soluble COD to below 100 mg/l and to reduce readily metabolizable organic matter to virtually zero (< 1 mg/l). Soluble COD/NO3-N removal stoichiometry is in the range 6.0-6.7. Selector systems have elevated soluble substrate removal and denitrification rates compared to CSTR systems. These rates are not affected greatly by temperature (20-25°C) for CSTR sludges but are for selector sludges. Upon exhaustion of nitrate in a selector soluble COD leaks out of the activated sludge in significant amounts. Thiothrix sp. and type 021N denitrify only to NO2 and at much slower rates than Zoogloearamigera does to N2. A sequencing batch system provides an optimistic estimate of the SVI that can be obtained by an anoxic selector system.

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