scholarly journals Time of day of vaccination affects SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in an observational study of healthcare workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Peter Balfe ◽  
David W Eyre ◽  
Sheila F Lumley ◽  
Denise O'Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Multiple Pathogens ◽  
Vaccination Time

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global crisis with unprecedented challenges for public health. Vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 have slowed the incidence of new infections and reduced disease severity. As the time-of-day of vaccination has been reported to influence host immune responses to multiple pathogens, we quantified the influence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination time, vaccine type, age, sex, and days post-vaccination on anti-Spike antibody responses in healthcare workers. The magnitude of the anti-Spike antibody response associated with the time-of-day of vaccination, vaccine type, participant age, sex, and days post vaccination. These results may be relevant for optimizing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals Time of Day of Vaccination Affects SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in an Observational Study of Health Care Workers

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042110593
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Peter Balfe ◽  
David W. Eyre ◽  
Sheila F. Lumley ◽  
Denise O’Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Multiple Pathogens ◽  
Vaccination Time

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global crisis with unprecedented challenges for public health. Vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 have slowed the incidence of new infections and reduced disease severity. As the time of day of vaccination has been reported to influence host immune responses to multiple pathogens, we quantified the influence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination time, vaccine type, participant age, sex, and days post-vaccination on anti-Spike antibody responses in health care workers. The magnitude of the anti-Spike antibody response is associated with the time of day of vaccination, vaccine type, participant age, sex, and days post-vaccination. These results may be relevant for optimising SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals Vaccination strategy and anti - SARS-CoV-2 S titers in healthcare workers of the INT – IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale” Cancer Center (Naples, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesta Cavalcanti ◽  
Maria Antonietta Isgrò ◽  
Domenica Rea ◽  
Lucia Di Capua ◽  
Giusy Trillò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have spread to millions of people globally, requiring the development of billions of different vaccine doses. The SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccine (named BNT162b2/Pfizer), authorized by the FDA, has shown high efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection after administration of two doses in individuals 16 years of age and older. In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the differences in the SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response after vaccine administration in the two different cohorts of workers at the INT - IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale” Cancer Center (Naples, Italy): previously infected to SARS-CoV-2 subjects and not infected to SARS-CoV-2 subjects. Methods We determined specific anti-RBD (receptor-binding domain) titers against trimeric spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 by Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay in serum samples of 35 healthcare workers with a previous documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 158 healthcare workers without, after 1 and 2 doses of vaccine, respectively. Moreover, geometric mean titers and relative fold changes (FC) were calculated. Results Both previously infected and not infected to SARS-CoV-2 subjects developed significant immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 after the administration of 1 and 2 doses of vaccine, respectively. Anti-S antibody responses to the first dose of vaccine were significantly higher in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects in comparison to titers of not infected subjects after the first as well as the second dose of vaccine. Fold changes for subjects previously infected to SARS-CoV-2 was very modest, given the high basal antibody titer, as well as the upper limit of 2500.0 BAU/mL imposed by the Roche methods. Conversely, for naïve subjects, mean fold change following the first dose was low ($$ \overline{x} $$ x ¯ =1.6), reaching 3.8 FC in 72 subjects (45.6%) following the second dose. Conclusions The results showed that, as early as the first dose, SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals developed a remarkable and statistically significant immune response in comparison to those who did not contract the virus previously, suggesting the possibility of administering only one dose in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. FC for previously infected subjects should not be taken into account for the generally high pre-vaccination values. Conversely, FC for not infected subjects, after the second dose, were = 3.8 in > 45.0% of vaccinees, and ≤ 3.1 in 19.0%, the latter showing a potential susceptibility to further SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Immune profiling reveals early disease trajectories associated with COVID-19 mortality: a sub-study from the ACTT-1 trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M Thiede ◽  
Abigail R Gress ◽  
Samuel D Libby ◽  
Christine E Ronayne ◽  
William E Matchett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Study Enrollment ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Immune Profiling

Abstract COVID-19 outcomes are linked to host immune responses and may be impacted by antiviral therapy. We investigated antibody and cytokine responses in ACTT-1 study participants enrolled at our center. We studied serum specimens from 19 hospitalized adults with COVID-19 randomized to treatment with remdesivir or placebo. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses and identified cytokine signatures using hierarchical clustering. We identified no clear immunologic trends attributable to remdesivir treatment. Seven subjects were initially seronegative at study enrollment, and all four deaths occurred in this group with more recent symptom onset. We identified three dominant cytokine signatures, demonstrating different disease trajectories.

scholarly journals Impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies in a longitudinal cohort of healthcare workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Zhong ◽  
Shaoming Xiao ◽  
Amanda K Debes ◽  
Emily R Egbert ◽  
Patrizio Caturegli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sample ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Antibody Levels

Waning serum antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have sparked discussions about long-term immunity and need for vaccine boosters. We examined SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies in a longitudinal cohort, comparing antibody decay in individuals who received an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. We completed a longitudinal cohort of healthcare workers (HWs) between June 2020 and September 2021. HWs were included if they had a serum sample collected after SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or a serum sample collected ≥ 14 days after second dose of an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Linear regression models adjusting for vaccine type, age, and sex were used to compare post-vaccination antibody levels between 1) HWs with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and 2) HWs with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection ≤ 90 days and > 90 days prior to first vaccine. Serum was collected from 98 HWs after SARS-CoV-2 infection and before vaccine, and 1960 HWs ≥ 14 days following second vaccine dose. Serum spike antibody levels were higher after vaccination than after natural infection. Compared to SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals, those with prior infection maintained higher post-vaccination mean spike IgG values at 1, 3, and 6 months, after adjusting for age, sex, and vaccine type. Individuals with PCR-confirmed infection > 90 days before vaccination had higher post-vaccination antibody levels than individuals infected ≤ 90 days before vaccination. Individuals with three exposures to spike protein maintain the highest antibody levels particularly when first and second exposures were greater than 90 days apart. A booster dose provides a third exposure and may similarly induce a more durable antibody response.

scholarly journals Vaccination strategy and anti - SARS-CoV-2 S titers in healthcare workers of the INT – IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale” Cancer Center (Naples, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesta Cavalcanti ◽  
Maria Antonietta Isgrò ◽  
Domenica Rea ◽  
Lucia Di Capua ◽  
Giusy Trillò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have spread to millions of people globally, requiring the development of billions of different vaccine doses. The SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccine (named BNT162b2/Pfizer), authorized by the FDA, has shown high efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection after administration of two doses in individuals 16 years of age and older. In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the differences in the SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response after vaccine administration in the two different cohorts of workers at the INT - IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale” Cancer Center (Naples, Italy): previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 subjects and not exposed to SARS-CoV-2 subjects.Methods: We determined specific anti-RBD (receptor-binding domain) titers against trimeric spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 by Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay in serum samples of 35 healthcare workers with a previous documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 158 healthcare workers without, after 1 and 2 doses of vaccine, respectively. Moreover, geometric mean titers and relative fold changes (FC) were calculated.Results: Both previously exposed and not exposed to SARS-CoV-2 subjects developed significant immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 after the administration of 1 and 2 doses of vaccine, respectively. Anti-S antibody responses to the first dose of vaccine were significantly higher in previously SARS-CoV-2-exposed subjects in comparison to titers of not exposed subjects after the first as well as the second dose of vaccine. Fold changes for subjects previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 was very modest, given the high basal antibody titer, as well as the upper limit of 2500.0 BAU/mL imposed by the Roche methods. Conversely, for naïve subjects, mean fold change following the first dose was low ( =1.6), reaching 3.8 FC in 72 subjects (45.6%) following the second dose.Conclusions: The results showed that, as early as the first dose, SARS-CoV-2-exposed individuals developed a remarkable and statistically significant immune response in comparison to those who did not contract the virus previously, suggesting the possibility of administering only one dose in previously SARS-CoV-2-exposed subjects. FC for previously exposed subjects should not be taken into account for the generally high pre-vaccination values. Conversely, FC for not exposed subjects, after the second dose, were = 3.8 in >45.0% of vaccinees, and ≤3.1 in 19.0%, the latter showing a potential susceptibility to further SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Acute and Chronic Phases of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Mice Modulate the Host Immune Responses

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2991-2995 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Nguyen ◽  
G. Bigaignon ◽  
J. Van Broeck ◽  
M. Vercammen ◽  
T. N. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Igg1 Isotype ◽  
Murine Antibody

ABSTRACT Murine antibody responses to soluble proteins are generally restricted to the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) isotype. When mice were infected with Toxoplasma gondii Beverley and concomitantly immunized with a soluble unrelated protein antigen, a modification in the isotypic distribution of antibodies directed against this nonparasite antigen was observed, with a preferential production of IgG2a. Interestingly, when mice were immunized with a soluble protein antigen during the chronic phase (day 40) of infection with T. gondii Beverley, a similar modification in the isotypic distribution of antiprotein antibodies was observed.

scholarly journals Accelerator or Brake: Immune Regulators in Malaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Cai ◽  
Zhiqiang Hu ◽  
Xiao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Life Threatening

Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease, affecting over 250 million individuals worldwide each year, eradicating malaria has been one of the greatest challenges to public health for a century. Growing resistance to anti-parasitic therapies and lack of effective vaccines are major contributing factors in controlling this disease. However, the incomplete understanding of parasite interactions with host anti-malaria immunity hinders vaccine development efforts to date. Recent studies have been unveiling the complexity of immune responses and regulators against Plasmodium infection. Here, we summarize our current understanding of host immune responses against Plasmodium-derived components infection and mainly focus on the various regulatory mechanisms mediated by recent identified immune regulators orchestrating anti-malaria immunity.

scholarly journals Longitudinal determination of mRNA-vaccination induced strongly binding SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in a cohort of healthcare workers with and without prior exposure to the novel coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Korodi ◽  
Kinga Rakosi ◽  
Zsuzsanna Jenei ◽  
Gabriella Hudak ◽  
Istvan Horvath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Mass vaccination against the disease caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a crucial step in slowing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The BioNTech/Pfizer (BNT162b2) vaccine has been shown to induce strong immune responses among the vaccinated population. Measuring SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike protein IgG levels is a clinically convenient way to estimate post-vaccination humoral immune responses, but only limited data exists about its short- and long-term dynamics. We present a longitudinal analysis of post-vaccination IgG levels in a cohort of 122 healthcare workers vaccinated with BNT162b2 with weekly follow-up until 35 days past the first dose and results of the first monthly follow-up after that for a subset of these. This prospective, multicenter cohort study consists of two periods for short-term and long-term evaluation of post-vaccination IgG levels. Tests were carried out on 666 samples from 122 participants, using in-house anti-spike 1 and anti-nucleocapsid IgG ELISA assays and a commercial, combined version of these. Participants with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection mount a quick immune response, reaching peak IgG levels two weeks after vaccination. In contrast, the corresponding IgG levels for previously uninfected participants increase gradually, changing abruptly after the booster dose. Overall higher IgG levels are maintained for the previously infected group 35-70 days after vaccination, and we observe age-dependence of immune response as well. Our results show a robust humoral immune response mounting gradually after the first vaccine dose for the uninfected group, and a much stronger immune response within 7-14 days after the first dose for the previously infected group.

scholarly journals Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 antibody responses following Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052110443
Author(s):  
Hubert Mado ◽  
Katarzyna Kubicka-Bączyk ◽  
Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Neurological Society ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Lymphocyte Depletion

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) repeatedly receive therapies that cause B-lymphocyte depletion. This may lead to abnormal immune responses following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, as has been suggested previously. We therefore evaluated post-vaccination immune responses in a patient with MS treated with ocrelizumab. The intervals between ocrelizumab infusions and vaccination were as recommended by the Section of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology of the Polish Neurological Society. A reactive immune response was observed in this patient following vaccination. This suggests that appropriate intervals between ocrelizumab infusions and COVID-19 vaccinations may permit the generation of efficacious immune responses in patients receiving B-lymphocyte depleting therapies.

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