scholarly journals Coloring inside the lines: genomic architecture and evolution of a widespread color pattern in frogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Goutte ◽  
Imtiyaz Hariyani ◽  
Kole Deroy Utzinger ◽  
Yann Bourgeois ◽  
Stephane Boissinot
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamic ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
History Of ◽  
Repeated Evolution

Traits shared among distantly related lineages are indicators of common evolutionary constraints, at the ecological, physiological or molecular level. The vertebral stripe is a color pattern that is widespread across the anuran phylogeny. Despite its prevalence in the order, surprisingly little is known about the genetic basis and evolutionary dynamic of this color pattern. Here we combine histology, genome- and transcriptome-wide analyses with order-scale phylogenetic comparative analyses to investigate this common phenotype. We show that the vertebral stripe has evolved hundreds of times in the evolutionary history of anurans and is selected for in terrestrial habitats. Using the Ethiopian Ptychadena radiation as a model system, we demonstrate that variation at the ASIP gene is responsible for the different vertebral stripe phenotypes. Alleles associated to these phenotypes are younger than the split between closely related Ptychadena species, thus indicating that the vertebral stripe results from parallel evolution within the group. Our findings demonstrate that this widespread color pattern evolves rapidly and recurrently in terrestrial anurans, and therefore constitute an ideal system to study repeated evolution.

scholarly journals Molecular evolutionary analysis of human primary microcephaly genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nashaiman Pervaiz ◽  
Hongen Kang ◽  
Yiming Bao ◽  
Amir Ali Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Australopithecus Afarensis ◽  
Primary Microcephaly ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background There has been a rapid increase in the brain size relative to body size during mammalian evolutionary history. In particular, the enlarged and globular brain is the most distinctive anatomical feature of modern humans that set us apart from other extinct and extant primate species. Genetic basis of large brain size in modern humans has largely remained enigmatic. Genes associated with the pathological reduction of brain size (primary microcephaly-MCPH) have the characteristics and functions to be considered ideal candidates to unravel the genetic basis of evolutionary enlargement of human brain size. For instance, the brain size of microcephaly patients is similar to the brain size of Pan troglodyte and the very early hominids like the Sahelanthropus tchadensis and Australopithecus afarensis. Results The present study investigates the molecular evolutionary history of subset of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) genes; CEP135, ZNF335, PHC1, SASS6, CDK6, MFSD2A, CIT, and KIF14 across 48 mammalian species. Codon based substitutions site analysis indicated that ZNF335, SASS6, CIT, and KIF14 have experienced positive selection in eutherian evolutionary history. Estimation of divergent selection pressure revealed that almost all of the MCPH genes analyzed in the present study have maintained their functions throughout the history of placental mammals. Contrary to our expectations, human-specific adoptive evolution was not detected for any of the MCPH genes analyzed in the present study. Conclusion Based on these data it can be inferred that protein-coding sequence of MCPH genes might not be the sole determinant of increase in relative brain size during primate evolutionary history.

Early origin of sweet perception in the songbird radiation

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 373 (6551) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuka Toda ◽  
Meng-Ching Ko ◽  
Qiaoyi Liang ◽  
Eliot T. Miller ◽  
Alejandro Rico-Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Sensory Biology ◽  
Avian Evolution ◽  
Nectar Feeding ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sensory Convergence ◽  
Early Origin

Early events in the evolutionary history of a clade can shape the sensory systems of descendant lineages. Although the avian ancestor may not have had a sweet receptor, the widespread incidence of nectar-feeding birds suggests multiple acquisitions of sugar detection. In this study, we identify a single early sensory shift of the umami receptor (the T1R1-T1R3 heterodimer) that conferred sweet-sensing abilities in songbirds, a large evolutionary radiation containing nearly half of all living birds. We demonstrate sugar responses across species with diverse diets, uncover critical sites underlying carbohydrate detection, and identify the molecular basis of sensory convergence between songbirds and nectar-specialist hummingbirds. This early shift shaped the sensory biology of an entire radiation, emphasizing the role of contingency and providing an example of the genetic basis of convergence in avian evolution.

scholarly journals Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of allotetraploid Salix matsudana Koidz

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Huwei Yuan ◽  
Yujuan Li ◽  
Yanhong Chen ◽  
Guoyuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Willow Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Salix Matsudana ◽  
Salix Matsudana Koidz

AbstractPolyploidy is a common phenomenon among willow species. In this study, genome sequencing was conducted for Salix matsudana Koidz (also named Chinese willow), an important greening and arbor tree species, and the genome of this species was compared with those of four other tree species in Salicaceae. The total genome sequence of S. matsudana was 655.72 Mb in size, with repeated sequences accounting for 45.97% of the total length. In total, 531.43 Mb of the genome sequence could be mapped onto 38 chromosomes using the published genetic map as a reference. The genome of S. matsudana could be divided into two groups, the A and B genomes, through homology analysis with the genome of Populus trichocarpa, and the A and B genomes contained 23,985 and 25,107 genes, respectively. 4DTv combined transposon analysis predicted that allotetraploidy in S. matsudana appeared ~4 million years ago. The results from this study will help reveal the evolutionary history of S. matsudana and lay a genetic basis for its breeding.

THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF DROSOPHILA BUZZATII. XII. THE GENETIC BASIS OF STERILITY IN HYBRIDS BETWEEN D. BUZZATII AND ITS SIBLING D. SERIDO FROM ARGENTINA

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-857
Author(s):  
Horacio Naveira ◽  
Antonio Fontdevila
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Segment ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Drosophila Buzzatii ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Hybrid ◽  
Chromosome Segments

ABSTRACT The genetic basis of hybrid sterility has been investigated in backcross segmental hybrids between two sibling species, Drosophila buzzatii and D. serido. Asynapsis of homologous bands in hybrid polytene chromosomes has been used to identify the D. serido chromosome segments introgressed into the D. buzzatti genome. All the investigated chromosomes contain male sterility factors. For autosomes, sterility is produced when an introgressed D. serido chromosome segment, or combination of segments, reaches a minimum size. On the other hand, any introgressed X chromosome segment from D. serido, irrespective of its size, produces either male hybrid sterility or inviability.

scholarly journals Diversification events and the effects of mass extinctions on Crocodyliformes evolutionary history

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 140385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Bronzati ◽  
Felipe C. Montefeltro ◽  
Max C. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Diversification Event

The rich fossil record of Crocodyliformes shows a much greater diversity in the past than today in terms of morphological disparity and occupation of niches. We conducted topology-based analyses seeking diversification shifts along the evolutionary history of the group. Our results support previous studies, indicating an initial radiation of the group following the Triassic/Jurassic mass extinction, here assumed to be related to the diversification of terrestrial protosuchians, marine thalattosuchians and semi-aquatic lineages within Neosuchia. During the Cretaceous, notosuchians embodied a second diversification event in terrestrial habitats and eusuchian lineages started diversifying before the end of the Mesozoic. Our results also support previous arguments for a minor impact of the Cretaceous/Palaeogene mass extinction on the evolutionary history of the group. This argument is not only based on the information from the fossil record, which shows basal groups surviving the mass extinction and the decline of other Mesozoic lineages before the event, but also by the diversification event encompassing only the alligatoroids in the earliest period after the extinction. Our results also indicate that, instead of a continuous process through time, Crocodyliformes diversification was patchy, with events restricted to specific subgroups in particular environments and time intervals.

scholarly journals Power, competition, and the nature of history

Paleobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geerat J. Vermeij
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Metabolic Evolution ◽  
Competition And Cooperation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Repeated Evolution ◽  
Ecosystem Level

AbstractHistorians have debated whether pathways and events from the past to the present are influenced largely by contingency, the dependence of outcomes on particular prior conditions, or whether there is long-term emergent directional change. Previous arguments for predictability in evolutionary history relied on the high frequency of convergence, but the repeated evolution of widely favored adaptations need not imply long-term directionality. Using evidence from the fossil record and arguments concerning the metabolic evolution of organisms, I show here that power (total energy taken up and expended per unit time) has increased stepwise over time at ecosystem-level and global scales thanks to the ratchet-like, cumulative effects of competition and cooperation and to the disproportionate influence of powerful top competitors and opportunistic species on emergent ecosystem properties and processes. The history of life therefore exhibits emergent directionality at large ecosystem-wide scales toward greater power.

scholarly journals Geographic variation and evolutionary history of Dipodomys nitratoides (Rodentia: Heteromyidae), a species in severe decline

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1546-1563
Author(s):  
James L Patton ◽  
Daniel F Williams ◽  
Patrick A Kelly ◽  
Brian L Cypher ◽  
Scott E Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Single Step ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Central California ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Kangaroo Rat ◽  
History Of

Abstract We examined geographic patterns of diversification in the highly impacted San Joaquin kangaroo rat, Dipodomys nitratoides, throughout its range in the San Joaquin Valley and adjacent basins in central California. The currently recognized subspecies were distinct by the original set of mensural and color variables used in their formal diagnoses, although the Fresno kangaroo rat (D. n. exilis) is the most strongly differentiated with sharp steps in character clines relative to the adjacent Tipton (D. n. nitratoides) and short-nosed (D. n. brevinasus) races. The latter two grade more smoothly into one another but still exhibit independent, and different, character clines within themselves. At the molecular level, as delineated by mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, most population samples retain high levels of diversity despite significant retraction in the species range and severe fragmentation of local populations in recent decades due primarily to landscape conversion for agriculture and secondarily to increased urbanization. Haplotype apportionment bears no relationship to morphologically defined subspecies boundaries. Rather, a haplotype network is shallow, most haplotypes are single-step variants, and the time to coalescence is substantially more recent than the time of species split between D. nitratoides and its sister taxon, D. merriami. The biogeographic history of the species within the San Joaquin Valley appears tied to mid-late Pleistocene expansion following significant drying of the valley resulting from the rain shadow produced by uplift of the Central Coastal Ranges.

scholarly journals New Insights on the Evolutionary History of Aphids and Their Primary Endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Pérez-Brocal ◽  
Rosario Gil ◽  
Andrés Moya ◽  
Amparo Latorre
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Molecular Evolutionary Analysis

Since the establishment of the symbiosis between the ancestor of modern aphids and their primary endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, insects and bacteria have coevolved. Due to this parallel evolution, the analysis of bacterial genomic features constitutes a useful tool to understand their evolutionary history. Here we report, based on data from B. aphidicola, the molecular evolutionary analysis, the phylogenetic relationships among lineages and a comparison of sequence evolutionary rates of symbionts of four aphid species from three subfamilies. Our results support previous hypotheses of divergence of B. aphidicola and their host lineages during the early Cretaceous and indicate a closer relationship between subfamilies Eriosomatinae and Lachninae than with the Aphidinae. They also reveal a general evolutionary pattern among strains at the functional level. We also point out the effect of lifecycle and generation time as a possible explanation for the accelerated rate in B. aphidicola from the Lachninae.

Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationshipsin orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) germplasm based on SRAP markers

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Zeng ◽  
Xin-Quan Zhang ◽  
Ying Lan ◽  
Wu-Yun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Srap Marker ◽  
Srap Markers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The present study is the first report of characterizing the levels and patterns ofgenetic diversity in 60 orchardgrass accessions from four continents by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Twenty-one primer pairs were used to produce 480 bands, of which 405 (84.38%) were polymorphic. The genetic similarity coeffic ients (GS) varied from 0.5863 to 0.9686 among the 60 collections, with an average of 0.7891. The genetic diversity of orchardgrass from China and the United States of America were found to be higher than that found in other countries. The dendrogram and principal component analysis realized from these markers clustered the materials into four main groups. The cluster analysis showed that orchardgrass from Australia was different from other collections in genetic diversity. Accessions from the same continent were classified into the same group, indicating that the genetic diversity of orchardgrass and the entire genetic basis of cultivars used in a continent is narrow. Furthermore, cluster analyses suggested that there is correlation between karyotype and morphological characterizations according to the analysis of the five subclusters that clustered from the first group. The information given by SRAP markers was concordant with the morphological variability and karyotype. This showed SRAP marker system could be used efficiently in the study of genetic variability and the evolutionary history of orchardgrasses. Based on the analysis of genetic diversity and relationships, the appropriate strategies for collection and conservation of germplasm resources can be developed and this in turn would help breeding of orchardgrass. Key words: Genetic diversity, genetic relationship, germplasm, orchardgrass, sequence-related amplified polymorphism

scholarly journals Molecular palaeontology illuminates the evolution of ecdysozoan vision

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1892) ◽  
pp. 20182180 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Fleming ◽  
Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen ◽  
Martin Vinther Sørensen ◽  
Tae-Yoon S. Park ◽  
Kazuharu Arakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colour Vision ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Opsin Genes ◽  
Integrative Study ◽  
Velvet Worms ◽  
History Of

Colour vision is known to have arisen only twice—once in Vertebrata and once within the Ecdysozoa, in Arthropoda. However, the evolutionary history of ecdysozoan vision is unclear. At the molecular level, visual pigments, composed of a chromophore and a protein belonging to the opsin family, have different spectral sensitivities and these mediate colour vision. At the morphological level, ecdysozoan vision is conveyed by eyes of variable levels of complexity; from the simple ocelli observed in the velvet worms (phylum Onychophora) to the marvellously complex eyes of insects, spiders, and crustaceans. Here, we explore the evolution of ecdysozoan vision at both the molecular and morphological level; combining analysis of a large-scale opsin dataset that includes previously unknown ecdysozoan opsins with morphological analyses of key Cambrian fossils with preserved eye structures. We found that while several non-arthropod ecdysozoan lineages have multiple opsins, arthropod multi-opsin vision evolved through a series of gene duplications that were fixed in a period of 35–71 million years (Ma) along the stem arthropod lineage. Our integrative study of the fossil and molecular record of vision indicates that fossils with more complex eyes were likely to have possessed a larger complement of opsin genes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document