scholarly journals Understanding the interrelationships of type-2 diabetes and hypertension with brain and cognitive health: a UK Biobank study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Newby ◽  
Victoria Garfield
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
The Uk

Aims/hypothesis: Diabetes and hypertension are associated with poorer cognitive and brain health. Less is known about comorbid diabetes and hypertension and: cognitive and brain health in mid-life. We hypothesised that individuals with both diabetes and hypertension have worse cognitive and brain health. Methods: Data from the UK Biobank, a population-based study which recruited 500,000 individuals, aged 40-69 years. Type-2 diabetes was assigned using self-report, HbA1c and clinical data, while hypertension was defined based on self-report. Our outcomes included a breadth of brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and cognitive function tests in a maximum of 38918 individuals. We tested associations between comorbid diabetes/hypertension (reference category, n=1283) and our outcomes by comparing this group with those with only diabetes (n=760), hypertension (n=9649) and neither disease (n=27226). Our analytical approach comprised linear regression models, with adjustment for a range of demographic and health factors. Results: Those with diabetes had worse overall brain health, as indexed by multiple neuroimaging parameters, with the exception of gFA (white matter integrity) and the amygdala. The largest difference was observed in the pallidum (β=0.179, 95%CI=0.137;0.220). Individuals with diabetes had poorer performance on certain cognitive tests, with the largest difference observed in the symbol digit substitution test (β=0.132, 95%CI=0.079;0.187). Compared to individuals with comorbid diabetes and hypertension, those with only hypertension had better brain health overall, with the largest difference observed in the pallidum (β=0.189, 95%CI=0.241;0.137), while those with only diabetes differed in total grey volume (β=0.150, 95%CI=0.122;0.179). Compared with individuals who had comorbid diabetes and hypertension, those with only diabetes performed distinctly better on the verbal and numeric reasoning task (β=0.129, 95%CI=0.077;0.261), whereas those with only hypertension performed better on the symbol digit substitution task (β=0.117, 95%CI=0.048;0.186) Conclusions/interpretation: Individuals with comorbid diabetes and hypertension have worse brain and cognitive health compared to those with only one of these diseases. These findings potentially suggest that prevention of both diabetes and hypertension may delay changes in brain structure, as well as cognitive decline and dementia diagnosis.

1134-P: Polygenic Risk Score of Type 2 Diabetes as a Predictive Factor for Macrovascular Complications: A Prospective Population-Based UK Biobank Study

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1134-P
Author(s):  
SANGHYUK JUNG ◽  
DOKYOON KIM ◽  
MANU SHIVAKUMAR ◽  
HONG-HEE WON ◽  
JAE-SEUNG YUN
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Polygenic Risk

scholarly journals Night Shift Work, Genetic Risk, and Type 2 Diabetes in the UK Biobank

Diabetes Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Vetter ◽  
Hassan S. Dashti ◽  
Jacqueline M. Lane ◽  
Simon G. Anderson ◽  
Eva S. Schernhammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
The Uk

Abstract 021: C-reactive Protein Partially Mediates The Inverse Association Between Coffee Consumption And Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From The UK Biobank And The Rotterdam Studies

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ochoa-Rosales ◽  
Niels van der Schaft ◽  
Kim V Braun ◽  
Frederick Ho ◽  
Fanny Petermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Coffee Intake ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Uk

Background: Coffee intake has been linked to lower type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We hypothesized this may be mediated by coffee’s effects on inflammation. Methods: Using participants from the UK Biobank (UKB n=145370) and Rotterdam Study (RS n=7172) cohorts, we studied associations of coffee intake with incident T2D; longitudinally measured insulin resistance (HOMA IR); serum levels of inflammation markers; and the mediating role of inflammation. Statistical regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health factors. Results: The median follow up was 7 (UKB) and 9 (RS) years. An increase of one coffee cup/day was associated with 4-6% lower T2D risk (RS HR=0.94 [95% CI 0.90; 0.98]; UKB HR=0.96 [0.94; 0.98]); lower HOMA IR (RS β=-0.017 [-0.024; -0.010]); with lower C reactive protein (CRP) and higher adiponectin (Figure1). Consumers of filtered coffee had the lowest T2D risk (UKB HR=0.88 [0.83; 0.93]). CRP levels mediated 9.6% (UKB) and 3.4% (RS) of the total effect of coffee on T2D (Figure 1). Conclusions: We suggest that coffee’s beneficial effects on lower T2D risk are partially mediated by improvements in systemic inflammation.Figure 1. a CRP and a adiponectin refer to the effect of coffee intake on CRP and adiponectin levels. a CRP RS : β=-0.014 (-0.022; -0.005); UKBB a CRP UKB : β=-0.011 (-0.012; -0.009) and RS a adiponectin : β=0.025 (0.007; 0.042). b CRP and b adiponectin refer to the effect of coffee related levels in CRP and adiponectin on incident T2D, independent of coffee. RS b CRP : HR=1.17 (1.04; 1.31); UKB b CRP : HR=1.45 (1.37; 1.54); and b adiponectin : HR=0.58 (0.32; 0.83). c′ refers to coffee’ effect on T2D going directly or via others mediators. UKB c′ independent of CRP : HR=0.96 (0.94; 0.99); RS c′ independent of CRP : HR=0.94 (0.90; 0.99); and RS c′ independent of CRP+adiponectin : HR=0.90 (0.80; 1.01). Coffee related changes in CRP may partially explain the beneficial link between coffee and T2D, mediating a 3.4% (0.6; 4.8, RS) and 9.6% (5.7; 24.4, UKB). Evidence of mediation was also found for adiponectin.

scholarly journals 1013 SHIFT WORK, CHRONOTYPE, AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE UK BIOBANK AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE UK BIOBANK

SLEEP ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A377-A377
Author(s):  
C Vetter ◽  
HS Dashti ◽  
JM Lane ◽  
SG Anderson ◽  
ES Schernhammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal cancer incidence in type 2 diabetes mellitus; results from a large population-based cohort study in the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy G.P.J. de Jong ◽  
Paul J.H.L. Peeters ◽  
Andrea M. Burden ◽  
Marie L. de Bruin ◽  
Harm R. Haak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Adiposity-Mortality Relationships in Type 2 Diabetes, Coronary Heart Disease, and Cancer Subgroups in the UK Biobank, and Their Modification by Smoking

Diabetes Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1878-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Jenkins ◽  
Jack Bowden ◽  
Heather A. Robinson ◽  
Naveed Sattar ◽  
Ruth J.F. Loos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genetic characterization of lower LDL-C and increased type-2 diabetes risk in the UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Yann C. Klimentidis ◽  
Amit Arora ◽  
Michelle Newell ◽  
Jin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Phenotypic And Genetic Characterization ◽  
The Uk

Although hyperlipidemia is traditionally considered a risk factor for type-2 diabetes (T2D), evidence has emerged from statin trials and candidate gene investigations suggesting that lower LDL-C increases T2D risk. We thus sought to more comprehensively examine the phenotypic and genotypic relationships of LDL-C with T2D. Using data from the UK Biobank, we found that levels of circulating LDL-C were negatively associated with T2D prevalence (OR=0.41[0.39, 0.43] per mmol/L unit of LDL-C), despite positive associations of circulating LDL-C with HbA1c and BMI. We then performed the first genome-wide exploration of variants simultaneously associated with lower circulating LDL-C and increased T2D risk, using data on LDL-C from the UK Biobank (n=431,167) and the GLGC consortium (n=188,577), and T2D from the DIAGRAM consortium (n=898,130). We identified 31 loci associated with lower circulating LDL-C and increased T2D, capturing several potential mechanisms. Seven of these loci have previously been identified for this dual phenotype, and 9 have previously been implicated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These findings extend our current understanding of the higher T2D risk among individuals with low circulating LDL-C, and of the underlying mechanisms, including those responsible for the diabetogenic effect of LDL-C-lowering medications.

scholarly journals Alcohol use and cardiometabolic risk in the UK Biobank: a Mendelian randomization study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Lankester ◽  
Daniela Zanetti ◽  
Erik Ingelsson ◽  
Themistocles L. Assimes
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Traits

AbstractObservational studies suggest alcohol use promotes the development of some adverse cardiometabolic traits but protects against others including outcomes related to coronary artery disease. We used Mendelian randomization to explore causal relationships between the degree of alcohol consumption and several cardiometabolic traits in the UK Biobank. We found carriers of the ADH1B Arg47His variant (rs1229984) reported a 26% lower amount of alcohol consumption compared to non-carriers. In our one-sample, two-stage least squares analyses of the UK Biobank using rs1229984 as an instrument, one additional drink/day was associated with statistically significant elevated level of systolic blood pressure (3.0 mmHg), body mass index (0.87 kg/m^2), waist circumference (1.3 cm), body fat percentage (1.7%), low-density lipoprotein levels in blood (0.16 mmol/L), and the risk of myocardial infarction (OR=1.50), stroke (OR=1.52), any cardiovascular disease (OR=1.43), and all-cause mortality (OR=1.41). Conversely, increasing use of alcohol was associated with reduced levels of triglycerides (−0.059 mmol/L) and HbA1C (−0.42 mmol/mol) in the blood, the latter possibly a consequence of a statistically elevated mean corpuscular volume among ADH1B Arg47His carriers. Stratifications by sex and smoking revealed a pattern of more harm of alcohol use among men compared to women, but no consistent difference by smoking status. Men had an increased risk of heart failure (OR = 1.76), atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.35), and type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.31) per additional drink/day. Using summary statistics from external datasets in 2-sample analyses for replication, we found causal associations between alcohol and obesity, stroke, ischemic stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Our results are consistent with an overall harmful effect of alcohol on cardiometabolic health at all levels of use and suggest that even moderate alcohol use should not be promoted as a part of a healthy diet and lifestyle.

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes risks and determinants in 2nd generation migrants and mixed ethnicity people of South Asian and African Caribbean descent in the UK

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliki-Eleni Farmaki ◽  
Victoria Garfield ◽  
Sophie V. Eastwood ◽  
Ruth E. Farmer ◽  
Rohini Mathur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Mixed Ethnicity ◽  
Second Generation Migrants

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk is markedly higher in UK South Asians (SA) and African Caribbeans (AC) compared to Europeans. Explanations for this excess are unclear. We therefore compared risks and determinants of T2DM in first- and second-generation (born in the UK) migrants, and in those of mixed ethnicity populations.MethodsData from the UK Biobank, a large population-based cohort of volunteers aged 40-69, were used. T2DM was assigned using self-report and glycated haemoglobin. Ethnicity was self-assigned. Using logistic regression and mediation analysis, we compared T2DM between first- and second-generation migrants, and between mixed European/South Asians (MixESA), or mixed European/African Caribbeans (MixEAC) with both Europeans and SA or AC respectively.ResultsT2DM prevalence was three to five times higher in SA and AC compared with Europeans [OR (95%CI): 4·80(3·60,6·40) and 3·30(2·70,4·10) respectively]. T2DM was 20-30% lower in second versus first generation SA and AC migrants [0·78(0·60,1·01) and 0·71(0·57,0·87) respectively]. T2DM in mixed populations was lower than comparator ethnic minority groups [MixESA versus SA 0·29(0·21,0·39), MixEAC versus AC 0·48(0·37,0·62)] and higher than Europeans, in MixESA 1·55(1·11, 2·17), and in MixEAC 2·06 (1·53, 2·78). Improved adiposity patterns in second generation migrants made an important contribution to risk reduction. Greater socioeconomic deprivation accounted for 17% and 42% of the excess risk of T2DM in MixESA and MixEAC compared to Europeans, respectively.ConclusionExcess T2DM risks in South Asians and African Caribbeans compared with Europeans in the UK are attenuated by ∼20% in second-generation migrants, demonstrating the marked benefits of favourable changes in environmental risk factors. T2DM prevalence in people of mixed ethnicity was also raised compared with Europeans, but considerably less than in the ethnic minority group; persistent socioeconomic disadvantage accounted for some of the residual excess.

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