scholarly journals The transcription factor AtHB23 modulates starch turnover for root development and plant survival under salinity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Florencia Perotti ◽  
Agustín Lucas Arce ◽  
Federico Ariel ◽  
Carlos María Figueroa ◽  
Raquel Lia Chan
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Expression Studies

AtHB23 is a homeodomain-leucine zipper I transcription factor, previously characterized as a modulator of lateral root initiation and higher-order roots development. The role of this gene in response to salinity stress was completely unknown. To elucidate the role of AtHB23 in response to salinity stress, we combined histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) analysis, root phenotyping, starch staining, optic and electronic transmission microscopy, expression studies by RT-qPCR, and transcriptome analysis of silenced, overexpressor, and crossed plants. We revealed that the expression pattern of AtHB23 is regulated by NaCl in the main and lateral roots, affecting the root phenotype. A severe reduction in primary root length, a significant increment in the initiation of lateral roots, and a low survival rate in salinity conditions were observed in AtHB23-silenced plants, whereas AtHB23 overexpressors showed the opposite phenotype. These developmental defects were explained by the degradation of starch granules and an alteration in starch metabolism. The AtHB23-target gene LAX3 is repressed in the tip of the main root and affected by NaCl. We conclude that AtHB23 is vital for plant survival and adaptation to salt stress conditions, and its function is related to the gravitropic response mediated by starch granule turnover, involving the auxin carrier LAX3.

scholarly journals Role of DBP in the Circadian Oscillatory Mechanism

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 4773-4781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Yamaguchi ◽  
Shigeru Mitsui ◽  
Lily Yan ◽  
Kazuhiro Yagita ◽  
Shigeru Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Transcription Factor Family ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Oscillatory Mechanism ◽  
Central Clock ◽  
E Boxes

ABSTRACT Transcript levels of DBP, a member of the PAR leucine zipper transcription factor family, exhibit a robust rhythm in suprachiasmatic nuclei, the mammalian circadian center. Here we report that DBP is able to activate the promoter of a putative clock oscillating gene,mPer1, by directly binding to the mPer1promoter. The mPer1 promoter is cooperatively activated by DBP and CLOCK-BMAL1. On the other hand, dbp transcription is activated by CLOCK-BMAL1 through E-boxes and inhibited by the mPER and mCRY proteins, as is the case for mPer1. Thus, a clock-controlled dbp gene may play an important role in central clock oscillation.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Role of Activating Transcription Factor 2 in Inflammation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
Yong Jun Li ◽  
Ai Hong Bian ◽  
Hui Bin Zuo ◽  
Ti Wen Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Neurological Development ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Activating Transcription Factor ◽  
And Function ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins and is widely distributed in tissues including the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney. Like c-Jun and c-Fos, ATF2 responds to stress-related stimuli and may thereby influence cell proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, oncogenesis, neurological development and function, and skeletal remodeling. Recent studies clarify the regulatory role of ATF2 in inflammation and describe potential inhibitors of this protein. In this paper, we summarize the properties and functions of ATF2 and explore potential applications of ATF2 inhibitors as tools for research and for the development of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory drugs.

scholarly journals Systemic signalling through TCTP1 controls lateral root formation in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Branco ◽  
Josette Masle
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Lateral Organs ◽  
Root Organogenesis

AbstractAs in animals, the plant body plan and primary organs are established during embryogenesis. However, plants have the ability to generate new organs and functional units throughout their whole life. These are produced through the specification, initiation and differentiation of secondary meristems, governed by the intrinsic genetic program and cues from the environment. They give plants an extraordinary developmental plasticity to modulate their size and architecture according to environmental constraints and opportunities. How this plasticity is regulated at the whole organism level is still largely elusive. In particular the mechanisms regulating the iterative formation of lateral roots along the primary root remain little known. A pivotal role of auxin is well established and recently the role of local mechanical signals and oscillations in transcriptional activity has emerged. Here we provide evidence for a role of Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP), a vital ubiquitous protein in eukaryotes. We show that Arabidopsis AtTCTP1 controls root system architecture through a dual function: as a general constitutive growth promoter locally, and as a systemic signalling agent via mobility from the shoot. Our data indicate that this signalling function is specifically targeted to the pericycle and modulates the frequency of lateral root initiation and emergence sites along the primary root, and the compromise between branching and elongating, independent of shoot size. Plant TCTP genes show high similarity among species. TCTP messengers and proteins have been detected in the vasculature of diverse species. This suggests that the mobility and extracellular signalling function of AtTCTP1 to control root organogenesis might be widely conserved within the plant kingdom, and highly relevant to a better understanding of post-embryonic formation of lateral organs in plants, and the elusive coordination of shoot and root morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Role of the Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor NFIL3 in Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. 1629-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
So-ichi Tamai ◽  
Keisuke Imaizumi ◽  
Nobuhiro Kurabayashi ◽  
Minh Dang Nguyen ◽  
Takaya Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons. Here we show that the basic leucine zipper transcription factor NFIL3 (also called E4BP4) confers neuroprotection in models of ALS. NFIL3 is up-regulated in primary neurons challenged with neurotoxic insults and in a mouse model of ALS. Overexpression of NFIL3 attenuates excitotoxic neuronal damage and protects neurons against neurodegeneration in a cell-based ALS model. Conversely, reduction of NFIL3 exacerbates neuronal demise in adverse conditions. Transgenic neuronal expression of NFIL3 in ALS mice delays disease onset and attenuates motor axon and neuron degeneration. These results suggest that NFIL3 plays a neuroprotective role in neurons and constitutes a potential therapeutic target for neurodegeneration.

A stage-specific functional role of the leucine zipper transcription factor c-Maf in lung Th2 cell differentiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 3401-3412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hausding ◽  
I-Cheng Ho ◽  
Hans?A. Lehr ◽  
B. Weigmann ◽  
Christine Lux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Th2 Cell ◽  
Factor C

scholarly journals The AtHB1 Transcription Factor Controls the miR164-CUC2 Regulatory Node to Modulate Leaf Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia N Miguel ◽  
Pablo A Manavella ◽  
Raquel L Chan ◽  
Mat�as Capella
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Rna Genes ◽  
Nac Family

Abstract The presence of small tooth-like indentations, or serrations, characterizes leaf margins of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. The NAC family member CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2 (CUC2), which undergoes post-transcriptional gene silencing by three micro-RNA genes (MIR164A, B and C), controls the extension of leaf serration. Here, we analyzed the role of AtHB1, a transcription factor (TF) belonging to the homeodomain-leucine zipper subfamily I, in shaping leaf margins. Using mutants with an impaired silencing pathway as background, we obtained transgenic plants expressing AtHB1 over 100 times compared to controls. These plants presented an atypical developmental phenotype characterized by leaves with deep serration. Transcript measurements revealed that CUC2 expression was induced in plants overexpressing AtHB1 and repressed in athb1 mutants, indicating a positive regulation exerted by this TF. Moreover, molecular analyses of AtHB1 overexpressing and mutant plants revealed that AtHB1 represses MIR164 transcription. We found that overexpression of MIR164B was able to reverse the serration phenotype of plants overexpressing AtHB1. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that AtHB1 was able to bind in vivo the promoter regions of all three MIR164 encoding loci. Altogether, our results indicate that AtHB1 directly represses MIR164 expression to enhance leaf serration by increasing CUC2 levels.

scholarly journals The basic leucine zipper transcription factor NFIL3 directs the development of a common innate lymphoid cell precursor

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Yu ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Mi Deng ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Kelly A Ruhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Bone Marrow Precursor ◽  
The Common

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently identified lymphocytes that limit infection and promote tissue repair at mucosal surfaces. However, the pathways underlying ILC development remain unclear. Here we show that the transcription factor NFIL3 directs the development of a committed bone marrow precursor that differentiates into all known ILC lineages. NFIL3 was required in the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP), and was essential for the differentiation of αLP, a bone marrow cell population that gives rise to all known ILC lineages. Clonal differentiation studies revealed that CXCR6+ cells within the αLP population differentiate into all ILC lineages but not T- and B-cells. We further show that NFIL3 governs ILC development by directly regulating expression of the transcription factor TOX. These findings establish that NFIL3 directs the differentiation of a committed ILC precursor that gives rise to all ILC lineages and provide insight into the defining role of NFIL3 in ILC development.

scholarly journals Complex-Type N-Glycans Influence the Root Hair Landscape of Arabidopsis Seedlings by Altering the Auxin Output

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Frank ◽  
Heidi Kaulfürst-Soboll ◽  
Kerstin Fischer ◽  
Antje von Schaewen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Complex Type ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Root Hair Development ◽  
The Impact

Roots supply plants with nutrients and water, besides anchoring them in the soil. The primary root with its lateral roots constitutes the central skeleton of the root system. In particular, root hairs increase the root surface, which is critical for optimizing uptake efficiency. During root-cell growth and development, many proteins that are components of, e.g., the cell wall and plasma membrane are constitutively transported through the secretory system and become posttranslationally modified. Here, the best-studied posttranslational modification is protein N-glycosylation. While alterations in the attachment/modification of N-glycans within the ER lumen results in severe developmental defects, the impact of Golgi-localized complex N-glycan modification, particularly on root development, has not been studied in detail. We report that impairment of complex-type N-glycosylation results in a differential response to synthetic phytohormones with earlier and increased root-hair elongation. Application of either the cytokinin BAP, the auxin NAA, or the ethylene precursor ACC revealed an interaction of auxin with complex N-glycosylation during root-hair development. Especially in gntI mutant seedlings, the early block of complex N-glycan formation resulted in an increased auxin sensitivity. RNA-seq experiments suggest that gntI roots have permanently elevated nutrient-, hypoxia-, and defense-stress responses, which might be a consequence of the altered auxin responsiveness.

scholarly journals Identification of human myometrial target genes of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway: the role of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and a novel spliced isoform ATF2-small

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrod Bailey ◽  
G Nicholas Europe-Finner
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Human Myometrium ◽  
Suppression Subtractive Hybridisation ◽  
Jnk Pathway ◽  
Activating Transcription Factor

Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), a ubiquitously expressed member of the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) family of transcription factors activated by mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, is important in the mediation of cellular stress responses, development and transformation. We have previously reported the differential expression of active ATF2 in the human myometrium throughout pregnancy and labour, and identified and partially characterized a novel splice variant ATF2-small (ATF2-sm). To further understand the role of these factors in the myometrium, we have used gene microarrays to define the target genes in cultured myometrial cells stably-transfected with ATF2 and ATF2-sm cDNAs. Many of the genes identified appear to have potential roles in regulating myometrial function and include proteins involved in G-protein receptor signalling, cytokine signalling, transcriptional regulation, cell-cycle control, formation of the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal architecture. ATF2 was found to affect the expression of 204 genes; 113 being up-regulated and 91 down-regulated whereas the novel ATF2-sm factor altered the expression of 55 genes; expression was increased in 29 cases and decreased in 26. A further 25 genes affected by ATF2-sm were identified by suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH). Notably, the genes affected by ATF2 and ATF2-sm appear to belong to discrete groups: only two genes were affected by both factors.

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