scholarly journals Plant-based expression of SARS-CoV-2 antigens for use in an oral vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Power ◽  
Taha Azad ◽  
John C Bell ◽  
Allyson MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Collard Greens ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

Oral and intra-nasal vaccines represent a key means of inducing mucosal-based immunity against infection with SARS-CoV-2, yet such vaccines represent only a minority of candidates currently in development. In this brief communication, we assessed the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) subunit of the surface-exposed Spike (S) glycoprotein in the leaves of nine edible plant species (lettuce, spinach, collard greens, tomato, cucumber, radish, arugula, pepper, and Coho greens), with a goal of identifying a suitable candidate for the development of a oral vaccine against COVID-19. We report lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Hilde II Improved) to be a preferred host to support in planta expression of SARS-CoV-2 RBD, representing an important first step towards development of a plant-based oral vaccine.

scholarly journals Plant-Expressed Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Elicits Humoral Immunity in Mice

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Puna Maya Maharjan ◽  
Jinyeong Cheon ◽  
Jiyun Jung ◽  
Haerim Kim ◽  
Jaewon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain

The current 15-month coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has accounted for 3.77 million deaths and enormous worldwide social and economic losses. A high volume of vaccine production is urgently required to eliminate COVID-19. Inexpensive and robust production platforms will improve the distribution of vaccines to resource-limited countries. Plant species offer such platforms, particularly through the production of recombinant proteins to serve as immunogens. To achieve this goal, here we expressed the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein in the glycoengineered-tobacco plant Nicotiana benthamiana to provide a candidate subunit vaccine. This recombinant RBD elicited humoral immunity in mice via induction of highly neutralizing antibodies. These findings provide a strong foundation to further advance the development of plant-expressed RBD antigens for use as an effective, safe, and inexpensive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Moreover, our study further highlights the utility of plant species for vaccine development.

scholarly journals Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain on Recombinant B. subtilis on Spore Surface: A Potential COVID-19 Oral Vaccine Candidate

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Johnny Chun-Chau Sung ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Kam-Chau Wu ◽  
Man-Chung Choi ◽  
Chloe Ho-Yi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Spore Surface ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Human Volunteers

Various types of vaccines, such as mRNA, adenovirus, and inactivated virus by injection, have been developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although some of them have already been approved under the COVID-19 pandemic, various drawbacks, including severe side effects and the requirement for sub-zero temperature storage, may hinder their applications. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) is generally recognized as a safe and endotoxin-free Gram-positive bacterium that has been extensively employed as a host for the expression of recombinant proteins. Its dormant spores are extraordinarily resistant to the harsh environment in the gastrointestinal tract. This feature makes it an ideal carrier for oral administration in resisting this acidic environment and for release in the intestine. In this study, an engineered B. subtilis spore expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (sRBD) on the spore surface was developed. In a pilot test, no adverse health event was observed in either mice or healthy human volunteers after three oral courses of B. subtilis spores. Significant increases in neutralizing antibody against sRBD, in both mice and human volunteers, after oral administration were also found. These findings may enable the further clinical developments of B. subtilis spores as an oral vaccine candidate against COVID-19 in the future.

Expression, Purification, and in vivo Evaluation of GFP-Fused M Cell Targeting Receptor Binding Domain of Protein FimH

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 676-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Hoa Nguyen-Thi ◽  
Kien-Quang Huynh ◽  
Phuong-Linh Dinh-Thi ◽  
Linh-Thuoc Tran ◽  
Yong-Suk Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
E Coli

Background: The number of oral vaccines is still limited due to many difficulties suffered in the intestinal environment, such as mucosal clearance, vast area, harsh conditions, deteriorative enzymes, impermeability, tolerance, etc. Numerous strategies have focused on directing antigen to the receptors of M cells, which is the main gateway to acquire and initiate specific responses to antigens in intestine. FimHrb is a receptor binding domain of type 1 of fimbriae from E. coli and Salmonella that can bind to GP2 receptor expressed exclusively on M cells. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the potential of FimHrb for oral vaccine development via its ability to adhere M cells. Methods: The coding gene of FimHrb fused Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) was cloned and expressed intracellularly in E. coli host strain. The recombinant protein FimHrb-GFP was then purified by IMAC method through 6x His tag designed downstream of GFP. Finally, the purified protein was monitored its binding on murine M cells in Payer Patch region. Results: Following the methods mentioned above, the coding gene FimHrb-GFP was successfully cloned into vector pET22b and intracellularly expressed in soluble form at low temperature induction. The purity and the recovered yield of this protein were 90% and 20%, respectively. After that, the adhesion of FimHrb-GFP was monitored in murine small intestine, which showed that the protein bound to Peyer Patch region and did not restrict on M cells. Conclusion: With the present data, we revealed a candidate protein FimHrb targeted receptor on M cells for oral vaccine development and other factors in E. coli would supplement FimH to provide the specific invasion of these bacteria via M cells.

scholarly journals Levels of induced free proline in chelated and unchelated hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-442
Author(s):  
M.S. Dagari ◽  
M.S. Musa ◽  
F.M. Maude
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Hydroponic Solution ◽  
Ethylenediaminedisuccinic Acid ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

It is well described that under stress conditions many plant species accumulates proline as adaptive response to adverse conditions. In this study, eight weeks old Lactuca sativa L. seedlings were transplanted in nutrient solution containing various doses (0.000, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075, and 0.025mg/L) of Pb2+ and Cd2+ and constant concentration of EDDS (0.0025M).  The effects of these treatments of Pb2+, Cd2+, combination of Pb2+ + Cd2+and with or without EDDS (Ethylene  diamine disuccinate) were compared based on the level of stress induced to the seedlings. Free proline contents induced due to stress by uptake of Pb2+and Cd2+ were investigated in both unchelated and chelated treatment. The results obtained showed that the effect of increasing concentration of Pb2+ in hydroponic solution leads to decrease in the level of stress induced to the seedlings by EDDS while the lower the Cd2+ concentration in the hydroponic solution the more the level of stress induced by EDDS to the plant. The highest level of stress caused to the seedlings by unchelated and chelated Pb2+ solution are 68.294±5.642; 72.681±14.740 µmolg-1 respectively while that of Cd2+ are 28.962±8.703; 48.263±2.455 µmolg-1 respectively. From this, it is evident that Pb2+induced more stress to the plants than Cd2+ in the presence and absence of EDDS (p<0.05). Keywords: Proline, Ethylenediaminedisuccinic Acid (EDDS), Lead, Cadmium, Lettuce.

Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Selada (Lactuca Sativa l.) secara Hidroponik

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
Siti Hilalliyah ◽  
Intan Sari ◽  
Zahlul Ikhsan
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

Sistem hidroponik memungkinkan sayuran ditanam di daerah yang kurang subur dan daerah sempit yang padat penduduknya. Alasan penerapan teknik hidroponik yang utama adalah karena terbatasnya lahan pertanian yang produktif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia yang semakin banyak tiap tahunnya, sehingga dibutuhkan suatu terobosan baru untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2015 sampai bulan Januari 2016 yang bertempat di kampus Fakultas Pertanian Jl. Propinsi Kecamatan Tembilahan Hulu Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Propinsi Riau.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jenis POC (N) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf perlakuan yaitu POC Jus Bumi, POC Bonggol Pisang danPOC Limbah Sayuran. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi larutan (K) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf perlakuan yaitu 150 ppm, 200 ppm dan 250 ppm. Parameter pengamatan adalah Tinggi Tanaman , Jumlah Daun , Luas Daun , Diameter Batang, Panjang akar ,Volume Akar, Kadar Air, dan Bobot Hasil.Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan jenis POC jus bumi dengan konsentrasi larutan 150 ppm memberikan pertumbuhan dan produksi terbaik untuk tanaman selada secara hidroponik sistem wick. Perlakuan jenis POC limbah sayuran dengan konsentrasi 250 ppm memberikan pertumbuhan dan produksi terbaik selain POC jus bumi sehingga dapat dijadikan sumber POC alternatif.

Destabilizing the Structural Integrity of SARS-CoV2 Receptor Proteins by Curcumin Along with Hydroxychloroquine: An Insilco Approach for a Combination Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhileshwar Srivastava ◽  
Divya Singh
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Receptor Proteins ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

Presently, an emerging disease (COVID-19) has been spreading across the world due to coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). For treatment of SARS-CoV2 infection, currently hydroxychloroquine has been suggested by researchers, but it has not been found enough effective against this virus. The present study based on in silico approaches was designed to enhance the therapeutic activities of hydroxychloroquine by using curcumin as an adjunct drug against SARS-CoV2 receptor proteins: main-protease and S1 receptor binding domain (RBD). The webserver (ANCHOR) showed the higher protein stability for both receptors with disordered score (<0.5). The molecular docking analysis revealed that the binding energy (-24.58 kcal/mol) of hydroxychloroquine was higher than curcumin (-20.47 kcal/mol) for receptor main-protease, whereas binding energy of curcumin (<a>-38.84</a> kcal/mol) had greater than hydroxychloroquine<a> (-35.87</a> kcal/mol) in case of S1 receptor binding domain. Therefore, this study suggested that the curcumin could be used as combination therapy along with hydroxychloroquine for disrupting the stability of SARS-CoV2 receptor proteins

KHẢO SÁT DƯ LƯỢNG NITRAT VÀ KIM LOẠI NẶNG (Cu, Pb, Zn) TRONG CÂY RAU XÀ LÁCH (Lactuca sativa L.) TRỒNG Ở PHƯỜNG HƯƠNG LONG - THÀNH PHỐ HUẾ

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Minh Trí ◽  
Nguyễn Hạnh Trinh ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Phương
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Tu 45

Xà lách (Lactuca sativa L.) là một loại rau ăn lá quan trọng có giá trị dinh dưỡng và kinh tế cao. Cây Xà lách có đặc điểm là loại rau ngắn ngày, có thời gian sinh trưởng ngắn khoảng từ 45 - 55 ngày, có thể phát triển tốt trên nhiều loại đất, là loại rau ăn sống được sử dụng rất phổ biến trong bữa ăn hàng ngày của người dân Việt Nam nên nó được trồng quanh năm, do vậy vấn đề về chất lượng lại càng phải được quan tâm nhiều hơn. Bài báo này giới thiệu kết quả phân tích về dư lượng nitrat và các kim loại nặng (Cu, Pb, Zn) trong rau Xà lách vụ Xuân - Hè 2012 - 2013 ở phường Hương Long - thành phố Huế. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: đất trồng rau Xà lách tại phường Hương Long – thành phố Huế đạt tiêu chuẩn về hàm lượng kim loại nặng (Pb, Zn) theo QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT, nhưng hàm lượng Cu và nitrat là khá cao. Rau Xà lách thành phẩm có dư lượng nitrat cao hơn 1,21% so với quy định và các kim loại nặng (Pb, Zn, Cu) tồn dư trong rau lại ở mức cao và vượt tiêu chuẩn cho phép nhiều lần sẽ ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe của người sử dụng.

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