scholarly journals Potential severity, mitigation, and control of Omicron waves depending on pre-existing immunity and immune evasion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc A. Bartha ◽  
Péter Boldog ◽  
Attila Dénes ◽  
Tamás Tekeli ◽  
Zsolt Vizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Population Level ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Reproduction Numbers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

We assess the potential consequences of the upcoming SARS-CoV-2 waves caused by the Omicron variant. Our results suggest that even in those regions where the Delta variant is controlled at the moment by a combination of non-pharmaceutical interventions and population immunity, a significant Omicron wave can be expected. We stratify the population according to prior immunity status, and characterize the possible outbreaks depending on the population level of pre-existing immunity and the immune evasion capability of Omicron. We point out that two countries having similar effective reproduction numbers for the Delta variant can experience very different Omicron waves in terms of peak time, peak size and total number of infections among the high risk population.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Twin Populations using Dissimilarity Measurements in Hippocampus Shape Space

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngser Park ◽  
Carey E. Priebe ◽  
Michael I. Miller ◽  
Nikhil R. Mohan ◽  
Kelly N. Botteron
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Shape Space ◽  
Control Population ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

By analyzing interpoint comparisons, we obtain significant results describing the relationship in “hippocampus shape space” of clinically depressed, high-risk, and control populations. In particular, our analysis demonstrates that the high-risk population is closer in shape space to the control population than to the clinically depressed population.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Sylvatic Rabies among High-Risk Households in Ceará State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Naylê Francelino Holanda Duarte ◽  
Patrícia Pereira Lima Barbosa ◽  
Danielle Bastos Araujo ◽  
Silvana Regina Favoretto ◽  
Phyllis Catharina Romijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Rabies transmitted by sylvatic populations has become an increasing concern in Brazil. A total of 113 participants with a history of contact with sylvatic populations were interviewed in 27 municipalities of Ceará State in northeast Brazil. Questionnaires included questions on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding sylvatic rabies. Most of the respondents (92%) knew about rabies and confirmed at least one species that transmitted the disease (79.6%). Of these respondents, 69% mentioned monkeys, and 67.2% mentioned dogs. However, 16% of the respondents listed an incorrect species. In general, knowledge on the symptoms and signs and on prevention measures was weak. The majority raised pets (93.8%), most commonly dogs and cats, and, of all the pets, 85.7% were claimed to be vaccinated against rabies. A total of 67.3% reported the appearance of free-living wild animals around their houses, mostly marmosets and wild canids; 18.3% reported that sylvatic populations had attacked animals or humans. Seventy-three percent had raised or still were raising wild animals as pets, mostly capuchin monkeys (79.5%) and marmosets (24.1%). This is the first KAP study on sylvatic rabies in Brazil. The data indicate important knowledge gaps and risk behavior within a high-risk population. There is a need for strengthening and improving sylvatic rabies surveillance and control, combined with the intensification of education and information campaigns.

Possible Relation of Crohn’s Disease and Hereditary Thrombophilia: Detection of ASCA Seropositivity. (Preliminary Results).

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4051-4051
Author(s):  
Georgia Lazaraki ◽  
Fotios Girtovitis ◽  
Stefanos Dokas ◽  
Eleftheria Pithara ◽  
Maria Tsaousidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Rectal Bleeding ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Hereditary Thrombophilia ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction: Hereditary thrombophilia (Factor V Leiden mutation -FV G1691A, FVL, FII G20210A -prothrombin mutation), has been reported to be correlated to Crohn’s disease (CD) by some studies. The determination of anti- Saccharomyces Cerevisiae IgA and IgG Antibodies (ASCA) have been described as important serological marker for the differential diagnosis of CD. The aim of the study was to evaluate ASCA seropositivity in a high-risk population (i.e. thrombophilic patients, pts) for CD. Material-Methods: From April to July 2004, 37 patients (16 men, 21 women, mean age 52,5± 9.6 years old) with hereditary thrombophilia and 28 healthy control subjects (16 men, 12 women, mean age 51,3 ± 8.5 years) were included in the study. Fasting blood samples were drawn from patients and control subjects were examined for serum p-ANCA, ASCA IgA and IgG titers. Pts and control subjects were matched for age, sex and smoking and had to fill a questionnaire concerning history of rectal bleeding, diarrhea lasting longer than 4 weeks, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy was proposed to all patients and controls when reported an alarm symptom. ASCA IgA and IgG titers were measured with quantitative enzyme immunoassay method (Medizym ASCA IgG, Medizym ASCA IgA, and MEDIPAN, GERMANY). Results: In the patient group 8 pts reported IBS symptoms, 2 had history of rectal bleeding while none IBD or chronic diarrhea. In the control group 6 patients reported IBS symptoms while none IBD, rectal bleeding or chronic diarrhea (p>0,05). Ten and 15 pts were found to be positive for ASCA IgG and IgA respectively. In the control group, 6 and 10 subjects were found to be positive for ASCA IgG and IgA respectively (p<0,05 and p<0,1 respectively). Conclusions: Thrombophilic pts, a high-risk population for CD, present an important rate of ASCA IgG and IgA seropositivity. Although these are preliminary results, thrombophilic pts should be screened for ASCA and some of them with colonoscopy. ASCA seropositivity in the control group was found to be greater than in the literature but this may be explained by the small sample.

THE RISK FACTORS OF MOLAR PREGNANCY

2017 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Lam Huong Le
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uterine Perforation ◽  
Molar Pregnancy ◽  
Health It ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Objectives: Molar pregnancy is the gestational trophoblastic disease and impact on the women’s health. It has several complications such as toxicity, infection, bleeding. Molar pregnancy also has high risk of choriocarcinoma which can be dead. Aim: To assess the risks of molar pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The case control study included 76 molar pregnancies and 228 pregnancies in control group at Hue Central Hospital. Results: The average age was 32.7 ± 6.7, the miximum age was 17 years old and the maximum was 46 years old. The history of abortion, miscarriage in molar group and control group acounted for 10.5% and 3.9% respectively, with the risk was higher 2.8 times; 95% CI = 1.1-7.7 (p<0.05). The history of molar pregnancy in molar pregnancy group was 9.2% and the molar pregnancy risk was 11.4 times higher than control group (95% CI = 2.3-56.4). The women having ≥ 4 times births accounted for 7.9% in molar group and 2.2% in control group, with the risk was higher 3.8 times, 95% CI= 1.1-12.9 (p<0.05). The molar risk of women < 20 and >40 years old in molar groups had 2.4 times higher than (95% CI = 1.1 to 5.2)h than control group. Low living standard was 7.9% in molar group and 1.3% in the control group with OR= 6.2; 95% CI= 1.5-25.6. Curettage twice accounted for 87.5%, there were 16 case need to curettage three times. There was no case of uterine perforation and infection after curettage. Conclusion: The high risk molar pregnancy women need a better management. Pregnant women should be antenatal cared regularly to dectect early molar pregnancy. It is nessecery to monitor and avoid the dangerous complications occuring during the pregnancy. Key words: Molar pregnancy, pregnancy women

HIV digital vaccine strategy: An application of blockchain technology in preventing the spread of HIV (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Dingyong Sun ◽  
Xiying Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Vaccine Strategy ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
High Risk Sexual Behavior ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
And Control

UNSTRUCTURED The HIV epidemic imposes a heavy burden on societal development. Presently, the protection of susceptible populations is the most feasible method for eliminating the spread of HIV. Governments and other relevant industries are actively attempting to solve the problem. In view of the unavailability of biological vaccines, the best measures that can currently be applied are identification of HIV-infected persons and provision of treatment and behavioral intervention. This paper proposes a HIV digital vaccine strategy based on blockchain technology. In the proposed strategy, a decentralized surveillance network is jointly constructed using HIV high-risk individuals as application nodes and accredited testing agencies as authentication nodes. Following testing at the authentication nodes, the results are uploaded to the blockchain, which results in HIV high-risk individuals being able to determine the HIV infection status of each other in a convenient, anonymous, and credible manner. This reduces the occurrence of high-risk sexual behavior and effectively protects susceptible populations. The proposed strategy is a promising solution to prevent the spread of HIV. The performance of the decentralized surveillance network may lead to the restructuring of current government-funded infectious disease prevention and control modes that are centered on centers for disease control and prevention and hospitals to introduce revolutionary changes in public health systems globally.

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