scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Sylvatic Rabies among High-Risk Households in Ceará State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Naylê Francelino Holanda Duarte ◽  
Patrícia Pereira Lima Barbosa ◽  
Danielle Bastos Araujo ◽  
Silvana Regina Favoretto ◽  
Phyllis Catharina Romijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Rabies transmitted by sylvatic populations has become an increasing concern in Brazil. A total of 113 participants with a history of contact with sylvatic populations were interviewed in 27 municipalities of Ceará State in northeast Brazil. Questionnaires included questions on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding sylvatic rabies. Most of the respondents (92%) knew about rabies and confirmed at least one species that transmitted the disease (79.6%). Of these respondents, 69% mentioned monkeys, and 67.2% mentioned dogs. However, 16% of the respondents listed an incorrect species. In general, knowledge on the symptoms and signs and on prevention measures was weak. The majority raised pets (93.8%), most commonly dogs and cats, and, of all the pets, 85.7% were claimed to be vaccinated against rabies. A total of 67.3% reported the appearance of free-living wild animals around their houses, mostly marmosets and wild canids; 18.3% reported that sylvatic populations had attacked animals or humans. Seventy-three percent had raised or still were raising wild animals as pets, mostly capuchin monkeys (79.5%) and marmosets (24.1%). This is the first KAP study on sylvatic rabies in Brazil. The data indicate important knowledge gaps and risk behavior within a high-risk population. There is a need for strengthening and improving sylvatic rabies surveillance and control, combined with the intensification of education and information campaigns.

Possible Relation of Crohn’s Disease and Hereditary Thrombophilia: Detection of ASCA Seropositivity. (Preliminary Results).

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4051-4051
Author(s):  
Georgia Lazaraki ◽  
Fotios Girtovitis ◽  
Stefanos Dokas ◽  
Eleftheria Pithara ◽  
Maria Tsaousidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Rectal Bleeding ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Hereditary Thrombophilia ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction: Hereditary thrombophilia (Factor V Leiden mutation -FV G1691A, FVL, FII G20210A -prothrombin mutation), has been reported to be correlated to Crohn’s disease (CD) by some studies. The determination of anti- Saccharomyces Cerevisiae IgA and IgG Antibodies (ASCA) have been described as important serological marker for the differential diagnosis of CD. The aim of the study was to evaluate ASCA seropositivity in a high-risk population (i.e. thrombophilic patients, pts) for CD. Material-Methods: From April to July 2004, 37 patients (16 men, 21 women, mean age 52,5± 9.6 years old) with hereditary thrombophilia and 28 healthy control subjects (16 men, 12 women, mean age 51,3 ± 8.5 years) were included in the study. Fasting blood samples were drawn from patients and control subjects were examined for serum p-ANCA, ASCA IgA and IgG titers. Pts and control subjects were matched for age, sex and smoking and had to fill a questionnaire concerning history of rectal bleeding, diarrhea lasting longer than 4 weeks, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy was proposed to all patients and controls when reported an alarm symptom. ASCA IgA and IgG titers were measured with quantitative enzyme immunoassay method (Medizym ASCA IgG, Medizym ASCA IgA, and MEDIPAN, GERMANY). Results: In the patient group 8 pts reported IBS symptoms, 2 had history of rectal bleeding while none IBD or chronic diarrhea. In the control group 6 patients reported IBS symptoms while none IBD, rectal bleeding or chronic diarrhea (p>0,05). Ten and 15 pts were found to be positive for ASCA IgG and IgA respectively. In the control group, 6 and 10 subjects were found to be positive for ASCA IgG and IgA respectively (p<0,05 and p<0,1 respectively). Conclusions: Thrombophilic pts, a high-risk population for CD, present an important rate of ASCA IgG and IgA seropositivity. Although these are preliminary results, thrombophilic pts should be screened for ASCA and some of them with colonoscopy. ASCA seropositivity in the control group was found to be greater than in the literature but this may be explained by the small sample.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Malaria Among Forest-Goer Communities in Mukdahan Province, Northeastern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriwipa Chuangchaiya ◽  
Mohd Amirul Fitri A. Rahim ◽  
Paisit Chanpum ◽  
Mohd Bakhtiar Munajat ◽  
Nor Diyana Dian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background: Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Thailand. In Thailand, the transmission now progressively clusters in hotspots along international borders and among high-risk groups, including forest-goers. Therefore, continuous assessment and understanding of the behavioral and perceptions related to malaria exposure in the high-risk group are necessary to achieve the elimination goal. This study aimed to investigate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to malaria in rural communities living close to a forested area in the northeastern part of Thailand.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three forest-goer communities (i.e. Ban Khok, Ban Koh and Dong Yang) in Khamcha-i district, Mukdahan Province from July and August 2019. Community members aged 18 years and above were interviewed. Demographic, socio-economic information and KAP data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Overall, 346 individuals were interviewed. Although the household indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage was 100%, ownership of mosquito bed net was 24.3% and only reported in Ban Khok. Nevertheless, almost all of the respondents were aware that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes (97.7%) and bed nets were used to prevent malaria (94.5%). Regarding practice for managing malaria, the most common practice adopted by the respondents was seeking treatment at the nearby clinic (58.1%), followed by self-healing (38.7%) and self-purchase of medication from a local shop (3.2%). Concerning attitude towards malaria transmission, 69.1% and 24.3% of the respondents reported entering nearby forests and spending the night in the forest within the last six months, respectively. Conclusion: This study found that most respondents living in the villages have an acceptable level of knowledge and awareness about malaria. Nevertheless, the positive attitudes and practices concerning malaria prevention measures against malaria require marked improvement. Therefore, new approaches to improving malaria KAP evidently need in this community.

THE RISK FACTORS OF MOLAR PREGNANCY

2017 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Lam Huong Le
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uterine Perforation ◽  
Molar Pregnancy ◽  
Health It ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Objectives: Molar pregnancy is the gestational trophoblastic disease and impact on the women’s health. It has several complications such as toxicity, infection, bleeding. Molar pregnancy also has high risk of choriocarcinoma which can be dead. Aim: To assess the risks of molar pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The case control study included 76 molar pregnancies and 228 pregnancies in control group at Hue Central Hospital. Results: The average age was 32.7 ± 6.7, the miximum age was 17 years old and the maximum was 46 years old. The history of abortion, miscarriage in molar group and control group acounted for 10.5% and 3.9% respectively, with the risk was higher 2.8 times; 95% CI = 1.1-7.7 (p<0.05). The history of molar pregnancy in molar pregnancy group was 9.2% and the molar pregnancy risk was 11.4 times higher than control group (95% CI = 2.3-56.4). The women having ≥ 4 times births accounted for 7.9% in molar group and 2.2% in control group, with the risk was higher 3.8 times, 95% CI= 1.1-12.9 (p<0.05). The molar risk of women < 20 and >40 years old in molar groups had 2.4 times higher than (95% CI = 1.1 to 5.2)h than control group. Low living standard was 7.9% in molar group and 1.3% in the control group with OR= 6.2; 95% CI= 1.5-25.6. Curettage twice accounted for 87.5%, there were 16 case need to curettage three times. There was no case of uterine perforation and infection after curettage. Conclusion: The high risk molar pregnancy women need a better management. Pregnant women should be antenatal cared regularly to dectect early molar pregnancy. It is nessecery to monitor and avoid the dangerous complications occuring during the pregnancy. Key words: Molar pregnancy, pregnancy women

Dementia screening in elderly high-risk patients following heart failure decompensation may predict unfavorable long-term clinical outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Stepien ◽  
P Furczynska ◽  
M Zalewska ◽  
K Nowak ◽  
A Wlodarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Recently heart failure (HF) has been found to be a new dementia risk factor, nevertheless their relations in patients following HF decompensation remain unknown. Purpose We sought to investigate whether a screening diagnosis for dementia (SDD) in this high-risk population may predict unfavorable long-term clinical outcomes. Methods 142 patients following HF decompensation requiring hospitalization were enrolled. Within a median time of 55 months all patients were screened for dementia with ALFI-MMSE scale whereas their compliance was assessed with the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Any incidents of myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), revascularization, HF hospitalization and bleedings during follow-up were collected. Results SDD was established in 37 patients (26%) based on the result of an ALFI-MMSE score of &lt;17 points. By multivariate analysis the lower results of the ALFI-MMSE score were associated with a history of stroke/TIA (β=−0.29, P&lt;0.001), peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (β=−0.20, P=0.011) and lower glomerular filtration rate (β=0.24, P=0.009). During the follow-up, patients with SDD were more often rehospitalized following HF decompensation (48.7% vs 28.6%, P=0.014) than patients without SDD, despite a similar level of compliance (P=0.25). Irrespective of stroke/TIA history, SDD independently increased the risk of rehospitalization due to HF decompensation (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.23–4.01, P=0.007). Conclusions As shown for the first time in literature patients following decompensated HF, a history of stroke/TIA, PAD and impaired renal function independently influenced SDD. In this high-risk population, SDD was not associated with patients' compliance but irrespective of the stroke/TIA history it increased the risk of recurrent HF hospitalization. The survival free of rehospitalization Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to schistosomiasis transmission and control in Leyte, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e0007358
Author(s):  
Isabel Francisco ◽  
Mario Jiz ◽  
Marieke Rosenbaum ◽  
Palmera Baltazar ◽  
Jennifer A. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Twin Populations using Dissimilarity Measurements in Hippocampus Shape Space

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngser Park ◽  
Carey E. Priebe ◽  
Michael I. Miller ◽  
Nikhil R. Mohan ◽  
Kelly N. Botteron
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Shape Space ◽  
Control Population ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

By analyzing interpoint comparisons, we obtain significant results describing the relationship in “hippocampus shape space” of clinically depressed, high-risk, and control populations. In particular, our analysis demonstrates that the high-risk population is closer in shape space to the control population than to the clinically depressed population.

scholarly journals Determinants of acquiring malaria among displaced people in Khartoum state, Sudan

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-592
Author(s):  
I. E. Saeed ◽  
E. S. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Language Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Malaria Attack

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among displaced people in Khartoum state to determine risk factors associated with malaria. Data were collected from 856 households about sociodemographic characteristics, history of malaria, and knowledge, attitudes and treatment-seeking behaviour. Overall, 68.2% reported a malaria attack among household members in the previous year. Risk of malaria attack was significantly associated with tribe, language, education, water supply and food expenditure. The highest rates of attack were among local language speakers [85.5%] and illiterate residents [70.4%]. Half the respondents [50.2%] delayed seeking treatment for malaria. Knowledge, attitudes and practices had no association with malaria attacks, except for a 4.7-fold increased risk of malaria when obtaining water from carts rather than wells

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of the University Students on Malaria Prevention in Kavango East, Namibia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Jacob ◽  
Vistolina Nuuyoma
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
University Students ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
East Region ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Malaria remains a public health concern in Namibia and it is endemic in many regions, including Kavango east region. University students in Kavango east region are at risk of malaria due to bushy environment and the presence of Kavango river, which makes it easy for mosquitoes to multiply. This study aimed to assess and describe knowledge, attitudes and practices of malaria prevention among university students. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, using a pretested questionnaire to collect data from 239 university students in Kavango east region. A proportionate stratified random sampling was used to sample students from the three faculties on campus. Data were analysed with a Statistical Programme of Social Sciences. The overall response rate was 75% (239) from a total of 318 respondents. Mean age was 21.4 years, respondents comprised of 155 (64.9%) females and 84 (35.1%) males. Almost all respondents (94.5%) know that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes and 80% of respondents indicated that malaria is preventable. Usage of mosquito net was the most commonly known preventive measure, indicated by 224 (94%) of respondents. The vast majority of respondents 227 (95%) agreed that the appropriate method to prevent self from getting malaria is to prevent mosquito bites. Surprisingly 80 (33%) of the respondents believe that only children and pregnant women get malaria and therefore it&rsquo;s only them who need preventive measures. Only 43 (18%) of the respondents always sleep under mosquito nets to prevent themselves from getting malaria. It was concluded that university students in Kavango east region have good knowledge on malaria prevention measures. Although there were some misconceptions noted, especially on the identification of population at risk of malaria, the attitudes on malaria prevention are generally satisfactory. However, the knowledge and attitudes do not reflect in the students&rsquo; practices.&nbsp;

scholarly journals Neosporosis: a neglected abortifacient disease in Egypt, seroprevalence and farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 3109
Author(s):  
A GABER ◽  
YM HEGAZY ◽  
AF OREIBY ◽  
T ABDEL WAHAB ◽  
MH AL-GAABARY
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide, causing abortions, neonatal mortalities and massive economic losses in dairy herds. The current study aimed to investigate the burden of Neospora (N.) caninum infection among cows that aborted and to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of farmers toward neosporosis in Kafrelsheikh governorate, Egypt. A total of 92 cows that aborted and 25 heifers born from cows that aborted and seropositive for N. caninum infection from 15 dairy herds in different districts of Kafrelsheikh governorate were examined serologically against N. caninum infection using ELISA. A structured questionnaire was built and distributed to 41 farmers in the study area. The overall seroprevalence of N. caninum infection among the examined cows that aborted was 38.04% (35/92). On the other hand, the prevalence of N. caninum infection among the 25 examined heifers born from seropositive cows that aborted was 28% (7/25). The KAPs analysis showed that farmers lack the required information on N. caninum infection and its consequences on dairy farms. The farmers performed risky practices which are responsible for disease entrance and spread on the farm; buy and keeping animals after abortion as well as their heifers. In addition, risk management practices were widespread in dairy farms such as: free movement of dogs, especially stray ones, in 100% of the farms, dogs were able to access and defecate in cattle feed and drinking water sources and had the chance to eat placentas and abortion materials. The current study points out neosporosis as a neglected cause of abortion among cattle in Kafrelsheikh governorate, as well as there is a lack of knowledge and risky practices by the local farmers. These findings may be extrapolated to nearby areas and countries of the same cattle husbandry practices, and veterinary services in such countries should consider neosporosis in their surveillance and control programs.

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