scholarly journals Does choice of athletic footwear affect musculoskeletal injury risk in US Coast Guard recruits? A retrospective cohort study.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Fraser ◽  
Ryan Pommier ◽  
Andrew J MacGregor ◽  
Amy B Silder ◽  
Todd C Sander
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Athletic Footwear

Context: Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) are ubiquitous during initial entry military training, with overuse injuries in the lower extremities the most frequent. A common mechanism for overuse injuries is running, an activity that is an integral part of United States Coast Guard (USCG) training and a requirement for graduation. Objective: Assess the effects of athletic footwear choice on lower quarter MSKI risk in USCG recruits. Design: Descriptive Epidemiological Study Setting: USCG Training Center, Cape May, NJ Participants: A retrospective cohort study was performed in which 1229 recruits (1038 males, 191 females) were allowed to self-select athletic footwear during training. A group of 2876 recruits (2260 males, 616 females) who trained under a policy that required obligatory wear of prescribed athletic shoes served as a control. Main Outcome Measures: Demographic data and physical performance were derived from administrative records. Injury data were abstracted from a medical tracking database. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess group, age, sex, height, body mass, and run times on MSKI outcomes. Results: Ankle-foot, leg, knee and lumbopelvic-hip complex diagnoses were ubiquitous in both groups (experimental: 20.37 to 29.34 per 1000 recruits; control: 18.08 to 25.59 per 1000 recruits). Group was not a significant factor for any of the injuries assessed. Sex was a significant factor in all injury types, with female recruits demonstrating ~2.00 greater odds of experiencing running-related injuries (RRIs), overuse injuries, or any MSKI in general. When considering ankle-foot or bone stress injuries, the risk in female recruits was 3.73 to 4.11 greater odds than their male counterparts. Run time was a significant predictor in RRI, all overuse injuries, and for any MSKI in general. Conclusion: While footwear choice did not influence MSKI risk in USCG recruits, female sex was a primary, nonmodifiable intrinsic risk factor.

An Analysis of Dental Implants Survival and Success

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2465-2466
Author(s):  
Iustin Olariu ◽  
Roxana Radu ◽  
Teodora Olariu ◽  
Andrada Christine Serafim ◽  
Ramona Amina Popovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Health Related

Osseointegration of a dental implant may encounter a variety of problems caused by various factors, as prior health-related problems, patients� habits and the technique of the implant inserting. Retrospective cohort study of 70 patients who received implants between January 2011- April 2016 in one dental unit, with Kaplan-Meier method to calculate the probability of implants�s survival at 60 months. The analysis included demographic data, age, gender, medical history, behavior risk factors, type and location of the implant. For this cohort the implants�survival for the first 6 months was 92.86% compared to the number of patients and 97.56% compared to the number of total implants performed, with a cumulative failure rate of 2.43% after 60 months. Failures were focused exclusively on posterior mandible implants, on the percentage of 6.17%, odds ratio (OR) for these failures being 16.76 (P = 0.05) compared with other localisations of implants, exclusively in men with median age of 42 years.

scholarly journals Concentric and eccentric isokinetic hamstring injury risk among 582 professional elite soccer players: a 10-years retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000868
Author(s):  
Ricardo Lima Burigo ◽  
Robson Dias Scoz ◽  
Bruno Mazziotti de Oliveira Alves ◽  
Rubens Alexandre da Silva ◽  
Cesar Augusto Melo-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Isokinetic Test ◽  
Clinical Records

Background/AimDifferent authors have tried to correlate the peak isokinetic torque values with the incidence of soccer match injuries. However, due to the wide variety of assessment testing protocols, such an inference becomes difficult. This study aimed to verify the capacity of an isokinetic test to establish injury risk reference values for hamstring strain injuries.MethodsA retrospective cohort study based on isokinetic data and clinical records from the last 10 years was conducted in 582 Brazilian elite-professional soccer players, who were subjected to the same isokinetic test protocol, machine, and tester. A Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis for Complex Data Sampling was used to generate injury risk statistical indexes.ResultsMultivariate regression analysis of both legs provided important data to identify the cut-off values of Concentric Peak Torque (181.82 Newton/*metres), Concentric Work (236.23 watts) and Concentric Power (130.11 joules).ConclusionsThe injury risk indexes indicate that an increase of just one Newton unit in CPT (Concentric Peak Torque) and CJ (Concentric Power) above those cut-off values, can reduce the risk of future injuries by 2% and 2.7%, respectively.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Delayed Sputum Conversion among Patients Treated for Smear Positive PTB in Northwestern Rural Tanzania: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Gunda ◽  
Igembe Nkandala ◽  
Godfrey A. Kavishe ◽  
Semvua B. Kilonzo ◽  
Rodrick Kabangila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Rural Tanzania ◽  
Sputum Conversion

Introduction. Smear positive TB carries high morbidity and mortality. The TB treatment aims at sputum conversion by two months of antituberculous. Patients who delay sputum conversion remain potentially infectious, with risk of treatment failure, drug resistance, and mortality. Little is known about the magnitude of this problem in our setting. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of delayed sputum conversion in northwestern rural part of Tanzania. Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study involving smear positive TB patients at Sengerema DDH in 2015. Demographic data, HIV status, and sputum results at TB diagnosis and on TB treatment were collected and analyzed using STATA 11. Results. In total, 156 patients were studied. Males were 97 (62%); the median age was 39 [30–51] years. Fifty-five (35.3%) patients were HIV coinfected and 13 (8.3%) patients had delayed sputum conversion which was strongly associated with male gender (OR=8.2, p=0.046), age >50 years (OR=6.7, p=0.003), and AFB 3+ (OR=8.1, p=0.008). Conclusions. Delayed sputum conversion is prevalent in this study. These patients can potentially fail on treatment, develop drug resistance, and continue spreading TB. Strategies to reduce the rate of delayed sputum conversion could also reduce these potential unfavorable outcomes.

scholarly journals Ten-year trends in traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study of California emergency department and hospital revisits and readmissions

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e022297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Y Hsia ◽  
Amy J Markowitz ◽  
Feng Lin ◽  
Joanna Guo ◽  
Debbie Y Madhok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
First Year ◽  
Severity Of Injury

ObjectiveTo describe visits and visit rates of adults presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with a diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is a major cause of death and disability in the USA; yet, current literature is limited because few studies examine longer-term ED revisits and hospital readmission patterns of TBI patients across a broad spectrum of injury severity, which can help inform potential unmet healthcare needs.DesignWe performed a retrospective cohort study.SettingWe analysed non-public patient-level data from California’s Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development for years 2005 to 2014.ParticipantsWe identified 1.2 million adult patients aged ≥18 years presenting to California EDs and hospitals with an index diagnosis of TBI.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur main outcomes included revisits, readmissions and mortality over time. We also examined demographics, mechanism and severity of injury and disposition at discharge.ResultsWe found a 57.7% increase in the number of TBI ED visits, representing a 40.5% increase in TBI visit rates over the 10-year period (346–487 per 100 000 residents). During this time, there was also a 33.8% decrease in the proportion of patients admitted to the hospital. Older, publicly insured and black populations had the highest visit rates, and falls were the most common mechanism of injury (45.5% of visits). Of all patients with an index TBI visit, 40.5% of them had a revisit during the first year, with 46.7% of them seeking care at a different hospital from their initial hospital or ED visit. Additionally, of revisits within the first year, 13.4% of them resulted in hospital readmission.ConclusionsThe large proportion of patients with TBI who are discharged directly from the ED, along with the high rates of revisits and readmissions, suggest a role for an established system for follow-up, treatment and care of TBI.

scholarly journals Health Status of Patients With β-Thalassemia in the West Bank: A Retrospective-Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Aldwaik ◽  
Tamara Abu Mohor ◽  
Israa Idyabi ◽  
Salam Warasna ◽  
Shatha Abdeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
The West ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Positive Correlations

Management of β-thalassemia in developing countries is demanding in the absence of available therapies rather than recurrent transfusions. This study describes the characteristics and evaluates the hematological, biochemical, and hormonal findings of patients with β-thalassemia in the West Bank. We conducted a retrospective cohort study between January 2017 and December 2018. Data were collected through medical files of the patients with β-thalassemia from eight primary healthcare clinics, nine emergency departments, and 11 governmental hospitals across the West Bank. Results of the hematological, biochemical, and hormonal evaluations, in addition to demographic data and the use of iron chelation were included in the study and analyzed. A total of 309 patients with β-thalassemia were included with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1 and an average age of 23.4 ± 10.4 years. The anemic presentation was reported in 78.6% of the patients as indicated by hemoglobin level (mean ± SD = 8.4 ± 1.4 g/dl), and 73.1% had iron overload with serum ferritin (SF) levels ≥ 1,000 μg/L (mean ± SD = 317.8 ± 3,378.8 μg/L). Evaluation of the liver function tests showed that alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were high among 38.1 and 61.2% of the patients, respectively. ALT and AST showed significant positive correlations with SF levels, while the kidney tests did not. As for iron chelation medications, patients receiving deferoxamine (26.5%) showed significantly higher SF levels compared with patients receiving deferasirox (73.5%). This study highlights the importance of establishing patient-tailored comprehensive assessment and follow-up protocols for the management of β-thalassemia with an emphasis on blood transfusion and iron chelation practices.

AB0700 TOCILIZUMAB DID NOT REDUCE MORTALITY IN SEVERE COVID-19 PATIENTS BUT CAUSED THROMBOCYTOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1382.2-1382
Author(s):  
Z. Öztürk ◽  
S. M. Türk ◽  
D. Karataş ◽  
Ü. Erkorkmaz ◽  
K. Özmen Süner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Interleukin 6 Receptor ◽  
D Dimer

Background:TCZ is a monoclonal antibody against Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) which is used for relieving inflammation and reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients. Safety and efficacy of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in Covid-19 pneumonia is uncertain yet. In this study, we aimed to determine clinical outcomes in patients treated with TCZ.Objectives:In this study we aimed to share our retrospective results which we had obtained from patients with COVID-19 diagnosis received TCZ.Methods:We performed a retrospective case control study between May and August 2020 in Turkey. We compared outcomes in patients who received TCZ with those who did not. Death in hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) requirements were evaluated as endpoints. Demographic data, comorbidities, additional treatment, treatment side effects, laboratory and clinical results were retrospectively assessed. There are no significant differences between groups according to age, gender and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).Results:12 (27.3%) patients died in standard group and eight (18.6%) patients died in TCZ group (p=0.150).Days of staying in the hospital were eight days in standard treatment group and 12 days in TCZ group (p=0.03). 10 of 43 patients in TCZ group were admitted to ICU. MV support was needed in 8 of these patients. 18 of 44 patients (40.9%) within the standard group were admitted to ICU and 12 patients (27.3%) were intubated (p=0.125,p=0.480). Significant IL-6 decrease was not observed post treatment in TCZ group according to pretreatment period (p=0.60). Significant decreases were examined in CRP and ferritin values through TCZ treatment. However, D-dimer and thrombocyte values increased.Conclusion:TCZ may not be an effective treatment for reducing ICU requirement, to prevent intubation or death, for shortening period for staying in hospital. The patients should be followed up closely for possible thrombosis because of increased D-dimer and thrombocytes with TCZ treatment.References:[1]Sharma A, Tiwari S, Deb MK, Marty JL. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2): A global pandemic and treatment strategies. IntJ Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Aug; 56(2):106054.[2]Singhal T. A rewiev of coronavirus Disease-2019(COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020 Apr;87(4):281-286.[3]Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall R.S, Manson J.J. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033-[4]Teijaro J.R. Cytokine storms in infectious diseases. SeminImmunopathol. 2017;39:501–503.[5]Zhang Y, Li J, Zhan Y, Wu L, Yu X, Zhang W et al. Analysis of Serum Cytokines in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Infect Immun 2004 Aug;72(8):4410-4415.[6]Zhang C, Wu Z, Li JW, Zhao H, Wang GQ. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19: interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 May; 55(5):105954.[7]Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):420–2[8]Fu B, Xu X, Wei H. Why tocilizumab could be an effective treatment for severe COVID-19? J Transl Med 18,164 (2020).[9]Guaraldi G, Meschiari M, Cozzi-Lepri A, Milic J, Tonelli R, Menozzi M et al. Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020 Aug;2(8):e474-e484.[10]Gupta S, Wang W, Hayek S.S, Chan L, MathewsK.S, Melamed M.L et al. Association Between Early Treatment With Tocilizumab and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Intern Med. 2021 Jan1;181(1):41-51.[11]Campochiaro C, Della-Torre E, Cavalli G, De Luca G, Ripa M, Boffini N et al Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in severe COVID- 19 patients: a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Eur J Intern Med. 2020 Jun;76:43-49.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Comparison of peri-implant soft tissue and crestal bone status of dental implants placed in prediabetic, type 2 diabetic, and non-diabetic individuals: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alshahrani ◽  
Modhi Al Deeb ◽  
Saad Alresayes ◽  
Sameer A. Mokeem ◽  
Nawwaf Al-Hamoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background Clinicoradiographic status of narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) among patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is scarce. The aim was to address the clinicoradiographic status of NDIs placed prediabetic, type 2 diabetic, and non-diabetic individuals. In this retrospective cohort study, patients having undergone oral rehabilitation with NDI were included. The participants were divided into the following: (a) patients with prediabetes; (b) patients with poorly controlled type 2 DM; (c) patients with well-controlled type 2 DM; and (d) normoglycemic individuals. Demographic data was collected. In all groups, peri-implant plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and mesiodistal CBL were measured in all groups. Information related to implant dimensions, surface characteristics, insertion torque, implant geometry, duration of NDI in function, and jaw location of NDI was also recorded. Data normality was assessed and group comparisons were performed. A probability value under 0.01 was considered statistically significant. Results Eighty-three patients (20 patients had prediabetes, 22 with poorly controlled type 2 DM, 20 with well-controlled type 2 DM, and 20 self-reported non-diabetic individuals) were included. The mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher among patients with prediabetes (P < 0.01) and poorly controlled type 2 DM (P < 0.01) than patients with well-controlled type 2 DM and non-diabetic controls. Peri-implant PI, GI, PD, and mesiodistal CBL levels were significantly higher among patients with pre-diabetes (P < 0.01) and poorly controlled type 2 DM (P < 0.01) than patients with well-controlled type 2 DM and non-diabetic controls. Peri-implant PI, GI, PD, and mesiodistal CBL levels were significantly higher among patients with poorly controlled type 2 DM (P < 0.01) than patients with prediabetes. Conclusion Chronic hyperglycemia increases the risk of peri-implant diseases around NDIs.

Mortality among Coast Guard Shipyard workers: A retrospective cohort study of specific exposures

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Rusiecki ◽  
Patricia Stewart ◽  
Dara Lee ◽  
Melannie Alexander ◽  
Srmena Krstev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Shipyard Workers
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