scholarly journals Comparative sensitivity of the test with tuberculosis recombinant allergen, containing ESAT6-CFP10 protein, and Mantoux test with 2 TU PPD-L in newly diagnosed tuberculosis children and adolescents in Moscow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Slogotskaya ◽  
Elena Bogorodskaya ◽  
Diana Ivanova ◽  
Tatiana Sevostyanova
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mass Screening ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Recombinant Allergen ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Comparative Sensitivity

AbstractBackground. A group of Russian scientists has developed Diaskintest, which comprises Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific recombinant proteins CFP10-ESAT6, for skin testing (0.2 µg/0.1 ml).Study purpose: to evaluate the comparative sensitivity of TST with 2 TU PPD-L and a skin test with tuberculous recombinant allergen (Diaskintest) containing the ESAT6-CFP10 protein in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed respiratory tuberculosis during mass screening in the primary medical service in Moscow, 2013–2016.Materials and methods. The trial was a comprehensive retrospective group study of children and adolescents diagnosed in Moscow with respiratory tuberculosis in 2013–2016, aged 0 to 17 years inclusive. From 441 patients selected for analysis 408 patients had both tests (TST with 2 TU PPD-L and Diaskintest) performed, in 193 patients both tests were given simultaneously, of them 162 patients were BCG-vaccinated.Results. Comparative results of both tests in 408 patients with tuberculosis: at cut-off 5 mm, both tests has similar sensitivity: Diaskintest 98.3 % (95 % CI 97.0–99.6 %), TST 98.0 % (95 % CI 96.7–99.4 %), at cut-off 10 mm, the sensitivity decreases for both tests: Diaskintest 90.0 % (95 % CI 87.0–93.0 %), TST 88.7 % (95 % CI 85.6–91.9 %), but at cut-off 15 mm, the decrease in sensitivity is statistically significant: for Diaskintest 61.5 % (95 % CI 56.7–66.3 %), and for TST 46.3 % (95 % CI 41.4–51.3 %), p <0.0001.The results of simultaneous setting of tests on different hands in 193 people (including 162 BCG-vaccinated), do not differ from the results for 408 people.The correlation between the results of Diaskintest and TST was significant in all groups.Conclusion. In children and adolescents with respiratory tuberculosis, Diaskintest of 0.2 µg/ml and the Mantoux test with 2 TU PPD-L have high sensitivity (98%) at a cut-off of 5 mm; however, at cut-off 15 mm sensitivity is significantly reduced, and the decrease is more pronounced in the Mantoux test. The advantage of Diaskintest is that, unlike the Mantoux test, it has high specificity under the conditions of mass BCG vaccination. The test is cost-effective, simple to carry out, and can be used in mass screening.

scholarly journals Prediction of Preterm Birth: Maternal Characteristics, Ultrasound Markers, and Biomarkers: An Updated Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Asli Oskovi Kaplan ◽  
A. Seval Ozgu-Erdinc
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Fetal Fibronectin ◽  
Maternal Characteristics

There is not a single or combined screening method for preterm birth with high sensitivity which will truly identify the women at risk for preterm birth while also with high specificity to prevent unnecessary interventions and high treatment costs. Measurement of cervical length is the most cost-effective method that is used in clinical practice. Bedside tests have also been developed for detecting markers like fetal fibronectin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), interleukin-6, and placental alpha-macroglobulin-1. Taking the maternal history, health condition, and sociodemographical factors into consideration is recommended. Ultrasound markers apart from cervical length measurements as uterocervical angle and placental strain ratio are studied. Investigations on metabolomics, proteomics, and microRNA profiling have brought a new aspect on this subject. Maybe in the future, with clear identification of women at true risk for preterm birth, development of more effective preventive strategies will not be unfeasible.

scholarly journals Molecular markers in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Ward ◽  
Richard T. Kloos
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Benign Nodules ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Rule Out

An indeterminate thyroid nodule cytology result occurs about every sixth fine-needle aspiration. These indeterminate nodules harbor a 24% risk of malignancy (ROM); too high to ignore, but driving surgery where most nodules are benign. Molecular diagnostics have emerged to ideally avoid surgery when appropriate, and to trigger the correct therapeutic surgery when indicated, as opposed to an incomplete diagnostic surgery. No current molecular test offers both high sensitivity and high specificity. A molecular diagnostic test with high sensitivity (e.g. Afirma Gene Expression Classifier sensitivity 90%) offers a high Negative Predictive Value when the ROM is relatively low, such as < 30%. Only such tests can "rule-out" cancer. In this setting, a molecularly benign result suggests the same ROM as that of operated cytologically benign nodules (~6%). Thus, clinical observation can replace diagnostic surgery; increasing quality of life and decreasing medical costs. However, its low specificity cannot "rule-in" cancer as a suspicious result has a Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of ~40%, perhaps too low to routinely reflex to definitive cancer surgery. Conversely, high specificity tests (BRAF, RAS, PPAR/PAX-8, RET/PTC, PTEN) offer high PPV results, and only these tests can "rule-in" cancer. Here a positive molecular result warrants definitive therapeutic surgery. However, their low sensitivity cannot "rule-out" cancer and a negative molecular result cannot dissuade diagnostic surgery; limiting their cost-effectiveness. Whether or not there is a useful and cost-effective role to sequentially combine these approaches, or to modify existing approaches, is under investigation.

Decision Analysis of Auditory Brainstem Responses and Rotational Vestibular Tests in Acoustic Tumor Diagnosis

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Mangham
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Tumor Diagnosis ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Acoustic Tumor

This study addresses the problem of the escalation of the costs of medical care which make diagnosis of acoustic tumor expensive. Specifically, we examined the hypothesis that a test protocol of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in parallel with sinusoidal harmonic acceleration (SHA) is more cost-effective in identification of the risk of tumor than ABR alone. The subjects were 74 patients with acoustic tumors and 78 controls. ABR and SHA data from these subjects were submitted to decision analysis. ABR was more cost-effective than the protocol of ABR in parallel with SHA. Using these data, we outlined a “decision tree” for acoustic tumor diagnosis that fit the goals of high sensitivity when earlier probability of tumor was high, and high specificity when earlier probability of tumor was low.

scholarly journals Evaluation of RNA extraction free method for detection of SARS-COV-2 in salivary samples for mass screening for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally A. Mahmoud ◽  
Esra Ibrahim ◽  
Subhashini Ganesan ◽  
Bhagyashree Thakre ◽  
Juliet G Teddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Good Percentage

AbstractIn this current COVID - 19 pandemic, there is a dire need for cost effective and less time-consuming alternatives for SARS-COV-2 testing. The RNA extraction free method for detecting SARS-COV-2 in saliva is a promising option, this study found that it has high sensitivity (85.34%), specificity (95.04%) and was comparable to the gold standard nasopharyngeal swab. The method showed good percentage of agreement (kappa coefficient) 0.797 between salivary and NPS samples. However, there are variations in the sensitivity and specificity based on the RT-PCR kit used. The Thermo Fischer-Applied biosystems showed high sensitivity, PPV and NPV but also showed higher percentage of invalid reports. Whereas the BGI kit showed high specificity, better agreement (kappa coefficient) between the results of saliva and NPS samples and higher correlation between the Ct values of saliva and NPS samples. Thus, the RNA extraction free method for salivary sample serves as an effective alternative for SARS-CoV 2-testing.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF RISK GROUPS FOR TUBERCULOSIS DISEASE IN VARIOUS IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS OF THE EXAMINATION OF CHILDREN POPULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila V. Slogotskaya ◽  
E. M. Bogorodskaya ◽  
O. Yu. Senchikhina ◽  
G. V. Nikitina ◽  
D. A. Kudlay
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Recombinant Allergen ◽  
Age Related

When performing mass tuberculin diagnostics in Moscow with coverage of more than 97% of children, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of the formation of risk groups for tuberculosis in children and adolescents with the use of immunological methods such as Mantoux test with 2 TE PPD-L and a test with an tuberculosis recombinant allergen (TRA). There was formed a risk group of cases with altered tuberculin sensitivity (group VI) in which all children underwent a skin test with ATP (Diaskintest preparation) at a dose of 0.2 μg in 0.1 ml. and in the presence of a positive reaction to this test, computed tomography was performed. The low specificity of tuberculin diagnostics in conditions of mass vaccination of children with BCG was found to lead to the fact that the frequency of positive reactions to the Mantoux test is determined primarily by postvaccinal allergy. Accumulation of cases of primary infection, hyperergia and increased reaction is less than 1% per year, and the frequency of positive reactions in the population is above 75%. It was also revealed that only 8.7-11.2% of children and adolescents with a positive reaction to the Mantoux test are examined in an anti-TB dispensary and less than 1% - are to be accounted by phthisiatricians at the risk group. In risk groups selected by the Mantoux sample, in cases with a high threshold of positive response to this test (17 mm and more), the frequency of positive responses to the TRA test is 53.3% in children and 81.4% in adolescents. With age, the proportion of primary infection among all tuberculin-positive Mantoux tests declines from 0.67% in children to 0.06% in adolescents, and the age-related positive responses for the RTA test in risk groups increase from 16.3 to 52.6% respectively. The implementation of the preventive therapy only for children with a high risk of the development of the disease (with a positive RTA test) increases the effectiveness of this therapy and excludes its unreasonable realization.

scholarly journals A new Syber Green real time PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Marinowic ◽  
G. Zanirati ◽  
F.V.F. Rodrigues ◽  
M.V.C. Grahl ◽  
A.M. Alcará ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract

Abstract Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that etiologic agent of pandemic outbreak is a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. For public health interventions, a diagnostic test with high sensitivity and specificity is required. The gold standard protocol for diagnosis by WHO is the RT-PCR. To detect low viral load and large-scale screening a low-cost diagnostic test becomes necessary. Here we develop a cost-effective test capable of to detect the new coronavirues. We validated an auxiliary protocol for molecular diagnosis with RT-PCR SYBR Green methodology to successfully screen negative cases of SARS-CoV-2. Our results demonstrated that a set of primers with high specificity, and no homology with other viruses from Coronovideae family or human respiratory tract pathogenic viruses. Optimization of annealing temperature and polymerization time led to an high specificity in the PCR products. We have developed a more affordable and swift methodology for negative SARS-CoV-2 screening. This methodology can be applied on large scale populational to soften panic and economic burden through guidance for isolation strategies.

A novel approach to design electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor for ultrasensitive detecting of zearalenone as a prevalent estrogenic mycotoxin

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokoufeh Hassani ◽  
Armin Salek Maghsoudi ◽  
Milad Rezaei Akmal ◽  
Shahram Shoeibi ◽  
Fatemeh Ghadipasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Modified Surface

Background: Zearalenone is a well-known estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, a serious threat to the agricultural and food industries worldwide. Zearalenone, with its known metabolites, are biomarkers of exposure to certain fungi, primarily through food. It has considerable toxic effects on biological systems due to its carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, renal toxicity, teratogenicity, and immunotoxicity. Introduction: This study aims to design a simple, quick, precise, and cost-effective method on a biosensor platform to evaluate the low levels of this toxin in foodstuffs and agricultural products. Methods: An aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor was introduced that utilizes screen-printed gold electrodes instead of conventional electrodes. The electrode position process was employed to develop a gold nanoparticle-modified surface to enhance the electroactive surface area. Thiolated aptamers were immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles, and subsequently, the blocker and analyte were added to the modified surface. In the presence of a redox probe, electrochemical characterization of differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the various stages of aptasensor fabrication. Results: The proposed aptasensor for zearalenone concentration had a wide linear dynamic range covering the 0.5 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL with a 0.14 pg/mL detection limit. Moreover, this aptasensor had high specificity so that a non-specific analyte cannot negatively affect the selectivity of the aptasensor. Conclusion: Overall, due to its simple design, high sensitivity, and fast performance, this aptasensor showed a high potential for assessing zearalenone in real samples, providing a clear perspective for designing a portable and cost-effective device.

scholarly journals A new SYBR Green real-time PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Marinowic ◽  
G. Zanirati ◽  
F. V. F. Rodrigues ◽  
M. V. C. Grahl ◽  
A. M. Alcará ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Sybr Green ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract

AbstractPhylogenetic analysis has demonstrated that the etiologic agent of the 2020 pandemic outbreak is a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. For public health interventions, a diagnostic test with high sensitivity and specificity is required. The gold standard protocol for diagnosis by the Word Health Organization (WHO) is RT-PCR. To detect low viral loads and perform large-scale screening, a low-cost diagnostic test is necessary. Here, we developed a cost-effective test capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2. We validated an auxiliary protocol for molecular diagnosis with the SYBR Green RT-PCR methodology to successfully screen negative cases of SARS-CoV-2. Our results revealed a set of primers with high specificity and no homology with other viruses from the Coronovideae family or human respiratory tract pathogenic viruses, presenting with complementarity only for rhinoviruses/enteroviruses and Legionella spp. Optimization of the annealing temperature and polymerization time led to a high specificity in the PCR products. We have developed a more affordable and swift methodology for negative SARS-CoV-2 screening. This methodology can be applied on a large scale to soften panic and economic burden through guidance for isolation strategies.

scholarly journals An Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Portable Low-Cost Device for the Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 2065
Author(s):  
Mukunthan Tharmakulasingam ◽  
Nouman S. Chaudhry ◽  
Manoharanehru Branavan ◽  
Wamadeva Balachandran ◽  
Aurore C. Poirier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Template Matching ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Run Time

An artificial intelligence-assisted low-cost portable device for the rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is presented here. This standalone temperature-controlled device houses tubes designed for conducting reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays. Moreover, the device utilises tubes illuminated by LEDs, an in-built camera, and a small onboard computer with automated image acquisition and processing algorithms. This intelligent device significantly reduces the normal assay run time and removes the subjectivity associated with operator interpretation of colourimetric RT-LAMP results. To further improve this device’s usability, a mobile app has been integrated into the system to control the LAMP assay environment and to visually display the assay results by connecting the device to a smartphone via Bluetooth. This study was undertaken using ~5000 images produced from the ~200 LAMP amplification assays using the prototype device. Synthetic RNA and a small panel of positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 patient samples were assayed for this study. State-of-the-art image processing and artificial intelligence algorithms were applied to these images to analyse them and to select the most efficient algorithm. The template matching algorithm for image extraction and MobileNet CNN architecture for classification results provided 98.0% accuracy with an average run time of 20 min to confirm the endpoint result. Two working points were chosen based on the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity. The high sensitivity point has a sensitivity value of 99.12% and specificity value of 70.8%, while at the high specificity point, the sensitivity is 96.05% and specificity 93.59%. Furthermore, this device provides an efficient and cost-effective platform for non-health professionals to detect not only SARS-CoV-2 but also other pathogens in resource-limited laboratories, factories, airports, schools, universities, and homes.

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