scholarly journals FORMATION OF RISK GROUPS FOR TUBERCULOSIS DISEASE IN VARIOUS IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS OF THE EXAMINATION OF CHILDREN POPULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila V. Slogotskaya ◽  
E. M. Bogorodskaya ◽  
O. Yu. Senchikhina ◽  
G. V. Nikitina ◽  
D. A. Kudlay
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Recombinant Allergen ◽  
Age Related

When performing mass tuberculin diagnostics in Moscow with coverage of more than 97% of children, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of the formation of risk groups for tuberculosis in children and adolescents with the use of immunological methods such as Mantoux test with 2 TE PPD-L and a test with an tuberculosis recombinant allergen (TRA). There was formed a risk group of cases with altered tuberculin sensitivity (group VI) in which all children underwent a skin test with ATP (Diaskintest preparation) at a dose of 0.2 μg in 0.1 ml. and in the presence of a positive reaction to this test, computed tomography was performed. The low specificity of tuberculin diagnostics in conditions of mass vaccination of children with BCG was found to lead to the fact that the frequency of positive reactions to the Mantoux test is determined primarily by postvaccinal allergy. Accumulation of cases of primary infection, hyperergia and increased reaction is less than 1% per year, and the frequency of positive reactions in the population is above 75%. It was also revealed that only 8.7-11.2% of children and adolescents with a positive reaction to the Mantoux test are examined in an anti-TB dispensary and less than 1% - are to be accounted by phthisiatricians at the risk group. In risk groups selected by the Mantoux sample, in cases with a high threshold of positive response to this test (17 mm and more), the frequency of positive responses to the TRA test is 53.3% in children and 81.4% in adolescents. With age, the proportion of primary infection among all tuberculin-positive Mantoux tests declines from 0.67% in children to 0.06% in adolescents, and the age-related positive responses for the RTA test in risk groups increase from 16.3 to 52.6% respectively. The implementation of the preventive therapy only for children with a high risk of the development of the disease (with a positive RTA test) increases the effectiveness of this therapy and excludes its unreasonable realization.

scholarly journals Comparative sensitivity of the test with tuberculosis recombinant allergen, containing ESAT6-CFP10 protein, and Mantoux test with 2 TU PPD-L in newly diagnosed tuberculosis children and adolescents in Moscow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Slogotskaya ◽  
Elena Bogorodskaya ◽  
Diana Ivanova ◽  
Tatiana Sevostyanova
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mass Screening ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Recombinant Allergen ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Comparative Sensitivity

AbstractBackground. A group of Russian scientists has developed Diaskintest, which comprises Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific recombinant proteins CFP10-ESAT6, for skin testing (0.2 µg/0.1 ml).Study purpose: to evaluate the comparative sensitivity of TST with 2 TU PPD-L and a skin test with tuberculous recombinant allergen (Diaskintest) containing the ESAT6-CFP10 protein in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed respiratory tuberculosis during mass screening in the primary medical service in Moscow, 2013–2016.Materials and methods. The trial was a comprehensive retrospective group study of children and adolescents diagnosed in Moscow with respiratory tuberculosis in 2013–2016, aged 0 to 17 years inclusive. From 441 patients selected for analysis 408 patients had both tests (TST with 2 TU PPD-L and Diaskintest) performed, in 193 patients both tests were given simultaneously, of them 162 patients were BCG-vaccinated.Results. Comparative results of both tests in 408 patients with tuberculosis: at cut-off 5 mm, both tests has similar sensitivity: Diaskintest 98.3 % (95 % CI 97.0–99.6 %), TST 98.0 % (95 % CI 96.7–99.4 %), at cut-off 10 mm, the sensitivity decreases for both tests: Diaskintest 90.0 % (95 % CI 87.0–93.0 %), TST 88.7 % (95 % CI 85.6–91.9 %), but at cut-off 15 mm, the decrease in sensitivity is statistically significant: for Diaskintest 61.5 % (95 % CI 56.7–66.3 %), and for TST 46.3 % (95 % CI 41.4–51.3 %), p <0.0001.The results of simultaneous setting of tests on different hands in 193 people (including 162 BCG-vaccinated), do not differ from the results for 408 people.The correlation between the results of Diaskintest and TST was significant in all groups.Conclusion. In children and adolescents with respiratory tuberculosis, Diaskintest of 0.2 µg/ml and the Mantoux test with 2 TU PPD-L have high sensitivity (98%) at a cut-off of 5 mm; however, at cut-off 15 mm sensitivity is significantly reduced, and the decrease is more pronounced in the Mantoux test. The advantage of Diaskintest is that, unlike the Mantoux test, it has high specificity under the conditions of mass BCG vaccination. The test is cost-effective, simple to carry out, and can be used in mass screening.

AML at older age: age-related gene expression profiles reveal a paradoxical down-regulation of p16INK4A mRNA with prognostic significance

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (14) ◽  
pp. 2869-2877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik J. M. de Jonge ◽  
Eveline S. J. M. de Bont ◽  
Peter J. M. Valk ◽  
Jan Jacob Schuringa ◽  
Marcel Kies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The One

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a different clinical and biologic behavior in patients at older age. To gain further insight into the molecular differences, we examined a cohort of 525 adults to compare gene expression profiles of the one-third of youngest cases (n = 175; median age 31 years) with the one-third of oldest cases (n = 175; median age 59 years). This analysis revealed that 477 probe sets were up-regulated and 492 probe sets were down-regulated with increasing age at the significance level of P < .00001. After validation with 2 independent AML cohorts, the 969 differentially regulated probe sets on aging could be pointed to 41 probe sets, including the tumor-suppressor gene CDKN2A (encoding p16INK4A). In contrast to the induced p16INK4A expression that is associated with physiologic aging, p16INK4A is down-regulated in AML samples of patients with increasing age. However, this was only noticed in the intermediate- and unfavorable-risk group and not in the favorable-risk group and the molecularly defined subset “NPM1 mutant without FLT3-ITD.” Multivariate analysis revealed p16INK4A, besides cytogenetic risk groups, as an independent prognostic parameter for overall survival in older patients. We conclude that, in addition to altered clinical and biologic characteristics, AML presenting at older age shows different gene expression profiles.

scholarly journals A prognostic nomogram based on LASSO Cox regression in patients with alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma following non-surgical therapy

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Zhou ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Xinhui Wang ◽  
Fengna Yan ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Surgical Therapy ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics

Abstract Background Alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (AFP-NHCC) (< 8.78 ng/mL) have special clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis. The aim of this study was to apply a new method to establish and validate a new model for predicting the prognosis of patients with AFP-NHCC. Methods A total of 410 AFP-negative patients with clinical diagnosed with HCC following non-surgical therapy as a primary cohort; 148 patients with AFP-NHCC following non-surgical therapy as an independent validation cohort. In primary cohort, independent factors for overall survival (OS) by LASSO Cox regression were all contained into the nomogram1; by Forward Stepwise Cox regression were all contained into the nomogram2. Nomograms performance and discriminative power were assessed with concordance index (C-index) values, area under curve (AUC), Calibration curve and decision curve analyses (DCA). The results were validated in the validation cohort. Results The C-index of nomogram1was 0.708 (95%CI: 0.673–0.743), which was superior to nomogram2 (0.706) and traditional modes (0.606–0.629). The AUC of nomogram1 was 0.736 (95%CI: 0.690–0.778). In the validation cohort, the nomogram1 still gave good discrimination (C-index: 0.752, 95%CI: 0.691–0.813; AUC: 0.784, 95%CI: 0.709–0.847). The calibration curve for probability of OS showed good homogeneity between prediction by nomogram1 and actual observation. DCA demonstrated that nomogram1 was clinically useful. Moreover, patients were divided into three distinct risk groups for OS by the nomogram1: low-risk group, middle-risk group and high-risk group, respectively. Conclusions Novel nomogram based on LASSO Cox regression presents more accurate and useful prognostic prediction for patients with AFP-NHCC following non-surgical therapy. This model could help patients with AFP-NHCC following non-surgical therapy facilitate a personalized prognostic evaluation.

scholarly journals Development of central auditory processes in Polish children and adolescents at the age from 7 to 16 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Lewandowska ◽  
Rafał Milner ◽  
Małgorzata Ganc ◽  
Elżbieta Włodarczyk ◽  
Joanna Dołżycka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Students ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Right Ear Advantage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Auditory Processes

AbstractThere are discrepancies in the literature regarding the course of central auditory processes (CAP) maturation in typically developing children and adolescents. The purpose of the study was to provide an overview of age – related improvement in CAP in Polish primary and secondary school students aged 7–16 years. 180 children/adolescents, subdivided into 9 age categories, and 20 adults (aged 18–24 years) performed the Dichotic Digit Test (DDT), Duration Pattern Test (DPT), Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), Gap Detection Test (GDT) and adaptive Speech-in-Noise (aSpN). The 12-year-olds was retested after w week. We found the age effects only for the DDT, DPT and FPT. In the right ear DDT the 7-year-olds performed more poorly than all groups ≥12. In the left ear DDT both 7- and 8-year-olds achieved less correct responses compared with the 13-, 14-, 15-year-olds and with the adults. The right ear advantage was greater in the 7-year-olds than in the 15-year-olds and adult group. At the age of 7 there was lower DPT and FPT scores than in all participants ≥13 whereas the 8-year-olds obtained less correct responses in the FPT than all age categories ≥12. Almost all groups (except for the 7-year-olds) performed better in the DPT than FPT. The test-retest reliability for all tests was satisfactory. The study demonstrated that different CAP have their own patterns of improvement with age and some of them are specific for the Polish population. The psychoacoustic battery may be useful in screening for CAP disorders in Poland.

scholarly journals Quantitative proteomic analysis of aberrant expressed lysine acetylation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Long Zhao ◽  
Zhidong Gao ◽  
Jianyuan Luo ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Nih Classification

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a common digestive tract tumor with high rate of metastasis and recurrence. Currently, we understand the genome, transcriptome and proteome in GIST. However, posttranscriptional modification features in GIST remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to construct a complete profile of acetylome in GIST. Methods Five common protein modifications, including acetylation, succinylation, crotonylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, and malonylation were tested among GIST subgroups and significantly differentially- expressed lysine acetylation was found. The acetylated peptides labeled with Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)under high sensitive mass spectrometry, and some proteins with acetylation sites were identified. Subsequently, these proteins and peptides were classified into high/moderate (H/M) risk and low (L) risk groups according to the modified NIH classification standard. Furthermore, cell components, molecular function, biological processes, KEGG pathways and protein interaction networks were analyzed. Results A total of 2904 acetylation sites from 1319 proteins were identified, of which quantitative information of 2548 sites from 1169 proteins was obtained. Finally, the differentially-expressed lysine acetylation sites were assessed and we found that 42 acetylated sites of 38 proteins were upregulated in the H/M risk group compared with the L risk group, while 48 acetylated sites of 44 proteins were downregulated, of which Ki67 K1063Ac and FCHSD2 K24Ac were the two acetylated proteins that were most changed. Conclusions Our novel findings provide further understanding of acetylome in GIST and might demonstrate the possibility in the acetylation targeted diagnosis and therapy of GIST.

Short-term risk stratification using CADILLAC risk score in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Satou ◽  
H Kitahara ◽  
K Ishikawa ◽  
T Nakayama ◽  
Y Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recurrent Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Elevation

Abstract Background The recent reperfusion therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has made the length of hospital stay shorter without adverse events. CADILLAC risk score is reportedly one of the risk scores predicting the long-term prognosis in STEMI patients. Purpose To invenstigate the usefulness of CADILLAC risk score for predicting short-term outcomes in STEMI patients. Methods Consecutive patients admitted to our university hospital and our medical center with STEMI (excluding shock, arrest case) who underwent primary PCI between January 2012 and April 2018 (n=387) were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified into 3 groups according to the CADILLAC risk score: low risk (n=176), intermediate risk (n=87), and high risk (n=124). Data on adverse events within 30 days after hospitalization, including in-hospital death, sustained ventricular arrhythmia, recurrent myocardial infarction, heart failure requiring intravenous treatment, stroke, or clinical hemorrhage, were collected. Results In the low risk group, adverse events within 30 days were significantly less observed, compared to the intermediate and high risk groups (n=13, 7.4% vs. n=13, 14.9% vs. n=58, 46.8%, p&lt;0.001). In particular, all adverse events occurred within 3 days in the low risk group, although adverse events, such as heart failure (n=4), recurrent myocardial infarction (n=1), stroke (n=1), and gastrointestinal bleeding (n=1), were substantially observed after day 4 of hospitalization in the intermediate and high risk groups. Conclusions In STEMI patients with low CADILLAC risk score, better short-term prognosis was observed compared to the intermediate and high risk groups, and all adverse events occurred within 3 days of hospitalization, suggesting that discharge at day 4 might be safe in this study population. CADILLAC risk score may help stratify patient risk for short-term prognosis and adjust management of STEMI patients. Initial event occurrence timing Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Fear conditioning and stimulus generalization in association with age in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Reinhard ◽  
Anna Slyschak ◽  
Miriam A. Schiele ◽  
Marta Andreatta ◽  
Katharina Kneer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Current Task

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate age-related differences in fear learning and generalization in healthy children and adolescents (n = 133), aged 8–17 years, using an aversive discriminative fear conditioning and generalization paradigm adapted from Lau et al. (2008). In the current task, participants underwent 24 trials of discriminative conditioning of two female faces with neutral facial expressions, with (CS+) or without (CS−) a 95-dB loud female scream, presented simultaneously with a fearful facial expression (US). The discriminative conditioning was followed by 72 generalization trials (12 CS+, 12 GS1, 12 GS2, 12 GS3, 12 GS4, and 12 CS−): four generalization stimuli depicting gradual morphs from CS+ to CS− in 20%-steps were created for the generalization phases. We hypothesized that generalization in children and adolescents is negatively correlated with age. The subjective ratings of valence, arousal, and US expectancy (the probability of an aversive noise following each stimulus), as well as skin conductance responses (SCRs) were measured. Repeated-measures ANOVAs on ratings and SCR amplitudes were calculated with the within-subject factors stimulus type (CS+, CS−, GS1-4) and phase (Pre-Acquisition, Acquisition 1, Acquisition 2, Generalization 1, Generalization 2). To analyze the modulatory role of age, we additionally calculated ANCOVAs considering age as covariate. Results indicated that (1) subjective and physiological responses were generally lower with increasing age irrespective to the stimulus quality, and (2) stimulus discrimination improved with increasing age paralleled by reduced overgeneralization in older individuals. Longitudinal follow-up studies are required to analyze fear generalization with regard to brain maturational aspects and clarify whether overgeneralization of conditioned fear promotes the development of anxiety disorders or vice versa.

scholarly journals Quantifying age-related differences in selective voluntary motor control in children and adolescents with three assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 102790
Author(s):  
Annina Fahr ◽  
Jeffrey W. Keller ◽  
Julia Balzer ◽  
Jan Lieber ◽  
Hubertus J.A. van Hedel
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Voluntary Motor ◽  
Age Related
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