scholarly journals Countering Cross-Individual Variance in Event Related Potentials with Functional Profiling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmajeed Alsufyani ◽  
Alexia Zoumpoulaki ◽  
Marco Filetti ◽  
Dirk P. Janssen ◽  
Howard Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
List Type ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Functional Profiling ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractIn this study, a simple method called the Weight Template (WT) is proposed for classifying brain responses of individuals into deceiving and non-deceiving. The performance of our method was evaluated on a number of identity deception data sets and on artificial EEG data sets. A comparison was made with a standard method used to measure P3 presence, called Peak-to-Peak. In the real experimental data, the WT showed higher performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity. In the artificial EEG data, in ERPs with low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), the WT was more resistant to noise and provided more accurate measures.HighlightsWe propose a method for classifying ERPs of the P3 Concealed Information Tests.The new method is based on computing a weighted template (WT) for each individual.The WT is used to characterize the shape of each individual’s P3.The performance of the WT was compared with the standard Peak-to-Peak method.The WT showed higher performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity.

scholarly journals Seven-year-olds recall non-adjacent dependencies after overnight retention

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa Schaadt ◽  
Mariella Paul ◽  
R. Muralikrishnan ◽  
Claudia Männel ◽  
Angela D. Friederici
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
List Type ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Lasting Effect ◽  
Grammaticality Judgment ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Behavioral Improvement

AbstractBecoming a successful speaker depends on acquiring and learning grammatical dependencies between neighboring and non-neighboring linguistic elements (non-adjacent dependencies; NADs). Previous studies have demonstrated children’s and adults’ ability to distinguish NADs from NAD violations right after familiarization. However, demonstrating NAD recall after retention is crucial to demonstrate a lasting effect of NAD learning. We tested 7-year-olds’ NAD learning in a natural, non-native language on one day and NAD recall on the next day by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). Our results revealed ERPs with a more positive amplitude to NAD violations than correct NADs after familiarization on day one, but ERPs with a more negative amplitude to NAD violations on day two. This change from more positive to more negative ERPs to NAD violations possibly indicates that children’s representations of NADs changed during an overnight retention period, potentially associated with children’s NAD learning. Indeed, our descriptive analyses showed that both ERP patterns (i.e., day one: positive, day two: negative) were related to stronger behavioral improvement (i.e., more correct answers on day two compared to day one) in a grammaticality judgment task from day one to day two. We suggest these findings to indicate that children successfully built associative representations of NADs on day one and then strengthened these associations during overnight retention, revealing NAD recall on day two. The present results suggest that 7-year-olds readily track NADs in a natural, non-native language and are able to recall NADs after a retention period involving sleep, providing evidence of a lasting effect of NAD learning.Highlights7-year-olds’ non-adjacent dependency learning in a foreign language testedChildren gave grammaticality judgments while electroencephalography was recordedBrain responses revealed children’s learning of non-adjacent dependenciesBrain responses after overnight retention showed different polarityChildren’s recall of dependencies after sleep associated with representation change

scholarly journals Assessment of chemosensory function using electroencephalographic techniques

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Ph. Rombaux ◽  
C. Huart ◽  
A. Mouraux
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Time Domain Averaging ◽  
Chemosensory Function

Electroencephalographic techniques are widely used to provide an objective evaluation of the chemosensory function and to explore neural mechanisms related to the processing of chemosensory events. The most popular technique to evaluate brain responses to chemosensory stimuli is across trial time-domain averaging to reveal chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERP) embedded within the ongoing EEG. Nevertheless, this technique has a poor signal-to-noise ratio and cancels out stimulus-induced changes in the EEG signal that are not strictly phased-locked to stimulus onset. The fact that consistent CSERP are not systematically identifiable in healthy subjects currently constitutes a major limitation to the use of this technique for the diagnosis of chemosensory dysfunction. In this review, we will review the different techniques related to the recording and identification of CSERP, discuss some of their limitations, and propose some novel signal processing methods which could be used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of chemosensory event-related brain responses.

scholarly journals Exploration of the Influence of Smiling on Initial Reactions Across Levels of Facial Attractiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shields ◽  
Caitlin Morse ◽  
Paige Arrington ◽  
David Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Processing

Both attractiveness and emotionality independently affect perception and interact to influence how a person perceives others. It has previously been shown that expressing positive emotions increases perceived attractiveness in general, but the relative influence of smiling across attractiveness levels and timing of this interaction is unknown. Such an interaction could entail dependent brain processing with interactions between brain areas or independent processing within each brain area. The present studies aimed to investigate this interaction and how it occurs through behavioral, specifically self-report, and physiological, specifically electrophysiological, methods. In each study, female undergraduate participants were shown images of male faces with smiling or neutral expressions. Study 1 used participant ratings to provide insight into the interaction and to establish an image subset of faces of high attractiveness (HA) and low attractiveness (LA). An interaction was found wherein HA faces were rated significantly higher on attractiveness when smiling whereas LA faces were rated similarly attractive regardless of emotional expression. Study 2 used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine the timing of brain responses to attractiveness, emotionality, and their interaction. Though a main effect of attractiveness consistently occurred prior to a main effect of emotional expression across two data sets, the presence of an interaction effect was inconsistent. There was some evidence for independent processing wherein the earliest brain responses are predominantly affected by attractiveness and are influenced by emotional expression, but dependent interactions between modular processing areas cannot be ruled out. Together, these results help to shed light on the interplay of attractiveness and emotionality though additional research could help to clarify the timing of the interaction on a neural level. KEYWORDS: Attractiveness, Emotionality, Emotional Expression, Smiling, Electroencephalography, Event Related Potentials

scholarly journals Event-related components are structurally represented by intrinsic event-related potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Chih Tsai ◽  
Wei-Kuang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Statistical Effects ◽  
Filtering Procedure

AbstractThe detection of event-related potentials (ERPs) through electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis is a well-established method for understanding brain functions during a cognitive process. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and stationarity of the data, ERPs are often filtered to a wideband frequency range, such as 0.05–30 Hz. Alternatively, a natural-filtering procedure can be performed through empirical mode decomposition (EMD), which yields intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) for each trial of the EEG data, followed by averaging over trials to generate the event-related modes. However, although the EMD-based filtering procedure has advantages such as a high SNR, suitable waveform shape, and high statistical power, one fundamental drawback of the procedure is that it requires the selection of an IMF (or a partial sum of a range of IMFs) to determine an ERP component effectively. Therefore, in this study, we propose an intrinsic ERP (iERP) method to overcome the drawbacks and retain the advantages of event-related mode analysis for investigating ERP components. The iERP method can reveal multiple ERP components at their characteristic time scales and suitably cluster statistical effects among modes by using a tailored definition of each mode’s neighbors. We validated the iERP method by using realistic EEG data sets acquired from a face perception task and visual working memory task. By using these two data sets, we demonstrated how to apply the iERP method to a cognitive task and incorporate existing cluster-based tests into iERP analysis. Moreover, iERP analysis revealed the statistical effects between (or among) experimental conditions more effectively than the conventional ERP method did.

scholarly journals Eliciting and Recording Event Related Potentials (ERPs) in Behaviourally Unresponsive Populations: A Retrospective Commentary on Critical Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Alexander Rokos ◽  
Richard Mah ◽  
Rober Boshra ◽  
Amabilis Harrison ◽  
Tsee Leng Choy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

A consistent limitation when designing event-related potential paradigms and interpreting results is a lack of consideration of the multivariate factors that affect their elicitation and detection in behaviorally unresponsive individuals. This paper provides a retrospective commentary on three factors that influence the presence and morphology of long-latency event-related potentials—the P3b and N400. We analyze event-related potentials derived from electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected from small groups of healthy youth and healthy elderly to illustrate the effect of paradigm strength and subject age; we analyze ERPs collected from an individual with severe traumatic brain injury to illustrate the effect of stimulus presentation speed. Based on these critical factors, we support that: (1) the strongest paradigms should be used to elicit event-related potentials in unresponsive populations; (2) interpretation of event-related potential results should account for participant age; and (3) speed of stimulus presentation should be slower in unresponsive individuals. The application of these practices when eliciting and recording event-related potentials in unresponsive individuals will help to minimize result interpretation ambiguity, increase confidence in conclusions, and advance the understanding of the relationship between long-latency event-related potentials and states of consciousness.

Brain Responses to World Knowledge Violations: A Comparison of Stimulus- and Fixation-triggered Event-related Potentials and Neural Oscillations

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Metzner ◽  
Titus von der Malsburg ◽  
Shravan Vasishth ◽  
Frank Rösler
Keyword(s):  
Word Meaning ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Gamma Range ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Related Potentials

Recent research has shown that brain potentials time-locked to fixations in natural reading can be similar to brain potentials recorded during rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). We attempted two replications of Hagoort, Hald, Bastiaansen, and Petersson [Hagoort, P., Hald, L., Bastiaansen, M., & Petersson, K. M. Integration of word meaning and world knowledge in language comprehension. Science, 304, 438–441, 2004] to determine whether this correspondence also holds for oscillatory brain responses. Hagoort et al. reported an N400 effect and synchronization in the theta and gamma range following world knowledge violations. Our first experiment (n = 32) used RSVP and replicated both the N400 effect in the ERPs and the power increase in the theta range in the time–frequency domain. In the second experiment (n = 49), participants read the same materials freely while their eye movements and their EEG were monitored. First fixation durations, gaze durations, and regression rates were increased, and the ERP showed an N400 effect. An analysis of time–frequency representations showed synchronization in the delta range (1–3 Hz) and desynchronization in the upper alpha range (11–13 Hz) but no theta or gamma effects. The results suggest that oscillatory EEG changes elicited by world knowledge violations are different in natural reading and RSVP. This may reflect differences in how representations are constructed and retrieved from memory in the two presentation modes.

scholarly journals Auditory attention alterations in migraine: a behavioral and MEG/EEG study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy Masson ◽  
Yohana Lévêque ◽  
Geneviève Demarquay ◽  
Hesham ElShafei ◽  
Lesly Fornoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Orienting Response ◽  
List Type ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Right ◽  
Task Irrelevant

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate alterations of top-down and/or bottom-up attention in migraine and their cortical underpinnings.Methods19 migraineurs between attacks and 19 matched control participants performed a task evaluating jointly top-down and bottom-up attention, using visually-cued target sounds and unexpected task-irrelevant distracting sounds. Behavioral responses and MEG/EEG were recorded. Event-related potentials and fields (ERPs/ERFs) were processed and source reconstruction was applied to ERFs.ResultsAt the behavioral level, neither top-down nor bottom-up attentional processes appeared to be altered in migraine. However, migraineurs presented heightened evoked responses following distracting sounds (orienting component of the N1 and Re-Orienting Negativity, RON) and following target sounds (orienting component of the N1), concomitant to an increased recruitment of the right temporo-parietal junction. They also displayed an increased effect of the cue informational value on target processing resulting in the elicitation of a negative difference (Nd).ConclusionsMigraineurs appear to display increased bottom-up orienting response to all incoming sounds, and an enhanced recruitment of top-down attention.SignificanceThe interictal state in migraine is characterized by an exacerbation of the orienting response to attended and unattended sounds. These attentional alterations might participate to the peculiar vulnerability of the migraine brain to all incoming stimuli.HighlightsMigraineurs performed as well as healthy participants in an attention task.However, EEG markers of both bottom-up and top-down attention are increased.Migraine is also associated with a facilitated recruitment of the right temporo-parietal junction.

scholarly journals A NEW METHOD TO DETECT EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS BASED ON PEARSON'S CORRELATION

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizio Tressoldi ◽  
William Giroldini ◽  
Luciano Pederzoli ◽  
Marco Bilucaglia ◽  
Simone Melloni
Keyword(s):  
Latency Period ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
New Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Matlab Programming

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) are widely used in Brain-Computer Interface applications and in neuroscience. Normal EEG activity is rich in background noise and therefore, in order to detect ERPs, it is usually necessary to take the average from multiple trials to reduce the effects of this noise. The noise produced by EEG activity itself is not correlated with the ERP waveform and so, by calculating the average, the noise is decreased by a factor inversely proportional to the square root of N, where N is the number of averaged epochs. This is the easiest strategy currently used to detect ERPs, which is based on calculating the average of each ERPs waveform, these waveforms being time-and phase-locked. In this paper a new method called GW6 is proposed, which calculates the ERP using a mathematical method based only on Pearson's Correlation. This results in a graph with the same time resolution as the classical ERP and which contains only positive peaks representing the increase, in consonance to the stimuli, in EEG signal correlation over all channels. This new method is also useful for selectively identifying and highlighting any hidden components of the ERP response that are not phase-locked, and that are usually hidden in the standard and simple method based on the averaging of all the epochs. These hidden components seem to be caused by variations (between each successive stimulus) of the ERPs inherent phase latency period (jitter), although the same stimulus across all EEG channels produces a reasonably constant phase. For this reason, this new method could be very helpful to investigate these hidden components of the ERP response and to develop applications for scientific and medical purposes. Moreover, this new method is more resistant to EEG artifacts than the standard calculations of the average. The method we are proposing can be directly used in the form of a process written in the well known Matlab programming language and can be easily and quickly written in any other software language.

scholarly journals Depressive rumination is correlated with brain responses during self-related processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yu Hsu ◽  
Tzu-Ling Liu ◽  
Paul Z. Cheng ◽  
Hsin-Chien Lee ◽  
Timothy J. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Late Event ◽  
Oscillatory Power ◽  
Related Aspect ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Central Symptom

AbstractBackgroundRumination, a tendency to focus on negative self-related thoughts, is a central symptom of depression. Studying the self-related aspect of such symptoms is challenging due to the need to distinguish self effects per se from the emotional content of task stimuli. This study employs an emotionally neutral self-related paradigm to investigate possible altered self processing in depression and its link to rumination.MethodsPeople with unipolar depression (MDD; n = 25) and controls (n = 25) underwent task-based EEG recording. Late event-related potentials were studied along with low frequency oscillatory power. EEG metrics were compared between groups and correlated with depressive symptoms and reported rumination.ResultsThe MDD group displayed a difference in late potentials across fronto-central electrodes between self-related and non-self-related conditions. No such difference was seen in controls. The magnitude of this difference was positively related with depressive symptoms and reported rumination. MDD also had elevated theta oscillation power at central electrodes in self-related conditions, which was not seen in controls.ConclusionsRumination appears linked to altered self-related processing in depression, independently of stimuli-related emotional confounds. This connection between self-related processing and depression may point to self-disorder being a core component of the condition.

scholarly journals Variations in Pupil Size Related to Memory for Recently Presented Words and Event Related Potentials

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-09
Author(s):  
Jan Rouke Kuipers ◽  
William A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Initial List

Pupillometry has been found to be correlated with activity of cholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulator systems. These systems regulate the level of cortical arousal and therefore perception, attention, and memory. Here, we tested how different types of pupil size variance (prestimulus baseline and prestimulus hippus power) may correlate with behavioral and electrophysiological brain responses (ERPs). We recorded pupil size and ERPs while participants were presented with a series of words and then asked whether they had been in the initial list when they were later presented intermixed with unpresented words. We found that a smaller prestimulus baseline pupil size during the study phase was associated with better memory performance. Study items also evoked a larger P3 response at presentation and a greater old/new memory ERP effect at test when prestimulus pupil size was small rather than large. Prestimulus hippus power was found to be a between-subjects factor affecting the robustness of memory encoding with less power being associated with a greater old/new memory ERP effect. These results provide evidence relating memory and ERPs to variables defined on pupil size that are thought to reflect varying states of parasympathetic and sympathetic arousal.

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