scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV-1 infection among foreign applicant to residency in Shanghai, China, 2005-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Qin ◽  
Ru Zhou ◽  
Jing Xia ◽  
Weixin Wang ◽  
Jun Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Homosexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractBackgroundShanghai is one of the biggest cities which have the highest number of entry travelers from all over the world. The HIV(human immunodeficiency virus) infection status of this population can reflect global trends of HIV prevalence to a certain extent.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted to reveal the prevalence and characteristics of HIV-1 infection among entry travelers who applied to residency in Shanghai. The HIV-1 infection rate was estimated based on the detection of HIV-1 antibody.ResultsAmong 50830 entry travelers who applied to residency in Shanghai(2005-2016), 245 were determined HIV-1 positive with an infection rate of 0.48%. The detection rate of HIV was significantly higher in male (P<0.0001). Those aged 18-30 years, 31-40 years and >40years accounted for 34.3%,39.6% and 26.1% respectively of the infected population. Although there was no trend of increase in HIV-1 prevalence rates (Cochran-Armitage Z =2.543, P =0.111),proportions of individuals infected through homosexual transmission increased over the study period (Cochran-Armitage Z =5.41, P<0.001), while the proportions infected through heterosexual(Cochran-Armitage Z=3.38, P=0.001).ConclusionThe rate and characteristics of HIV-1 infection among foreign applicant to residency in Shanghai were revealed in the study. The results could provide the necessary epidemiological data for monitoring the HIV-1 epidemic among entry international travelers and to further contribute to the establishment of relevant policies and regulations for HIV control and prevention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV infection among foreign applicant to residency in Shanghai, China, 2005-2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Qin ◽  
Jing Xia ◽  
Peiqin Zhu ◽  
Ru Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Homosexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Shanghai is an international city which has high proportion of entry travelers from all over the world. The HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)infection status of this population can reflect the global trend of HIV prevalence. Thus, a retrospective epidemic investigation was conducted to clarify the prevalence and characteristics of HIV infection among entry travelers who apply to residency in Shanghai. Methods Totally 50830 entry travelers who applied to residency in Shanghai(2005-2016)were included. The HIV infection rate was confirmed based on the detection of HIV-1 antibody. Results Among all the recruited entry travelers, 245 persons were determined HIV positive with infection rate of 0.48%. The detection rate of HIV in male was significantly higher than that in female (χ 2 =62.584, P <0.0001). Those aged 18-30 years, 31-40 years and >40years accounted for 34.3%, 39.6% and 26.1% of the infected population. There was no increase in trend of HIV prevalence rates among the sampling years (Cochran-Armitage Z=2.543, P=0.111). Proportions of individuals infected through homosexual transmission increased over the study period (Cochran-Armitage Z=5.41, P<0.001), while the proportion infected through heterosexual declined over time (Cochran-Armitage Z=3.38, P =0.001). Conclusion The rate and characteristics of HIV infection among foreign applicant to residency in Shanghai were clarified in the study. The results would have provided the necessary epidemiological data for monitoring the HIV epidemic among entry international travelers and to further contribute to the establishment of relevant policies and regulations for HIV control and prevention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV Infection Among Foreign Applicant to Residency in Shanghai, China, 2005-2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Qin ◽  
Jing Xia ◽  
Peiqin Zhu ◽  
Ru Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Homosexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background: Shanghai is an international city which has high proportion of entry travelers from all over the world. The HIV infection status of this population can reflect the global trend of HIV prevalence. Thus, a retrospective epidemic investigation was conducted to clarify the prevalence and characteristics of HIV infection among entry travelers who apply to residency in Shanghai. Methods: Totally 50830 entry travelers who applied to residency in Shanghai（2005-2016）were included. The HIV infection rate was confirmed based on the detection of HIV-1 antibody. Results: Among all the recruited entry travelers, 245 persons were determined HIV positive with infection rate of 0.48%. The detection rate of HIV in male was significantly higher than that in female (χ2=62.584, P<0.0001). Those aged 18-30 years, 31-40 years and >40years accounted for 34.3%, 39.6% and 26.1% of the infected population. There was no increase in trend of HIV prevalence rates among the sampling years (Cochran-Armitage Z=2.543, P=0.111). Proportions of individuals infected through homosexual transmission increased over the study period (Cochran-Armitage Z=5.41, P<0.001), while the proportion infected through heterosexual declined over time (Cochran-Armitage Z=3.38, P =0.001). Conclusion: The characteristics of HIV infection among foreign applicant to residency in Shanghai were clarified. The results would provide the necessary epidemiological data for monitoring the HIV epidemic among entry international travelers and contribute to the establishment of relevant policies and regulations for HIV control and prevention.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Cancers: A Review of Studies from Pakistan and Comparison with Global Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Saleema Mehboob Ali ◽  
Yumna Adnan ◽  
S. M. Adnan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Pancreatic Cancers ◽  
The World ◽  
Prediction Of Prognosis

The objective of this review article is to discuss clinical data from studies on Pakistani pancreatic cancer population and its comparison with international data. This review article will allow researchers to identify gaps in the data and hence to design further research in order to address these gaps accordingly. Search was carried out via Google Scholar, PubMed and PakMediNet search engines using keywords “Pancreatic cancers”, “Pancreatic adenocarcinoma” and “Pakistan”. Pancreatic cancers are one of the most lethal cancers globally. Statistics show that 97.8% of cases of pancreatic cancers in Pakistan have led to mortality. For various cancers around the world, epidemiological data has been used for development of diagnostic tools and therapies. Despite the alarming situation of pancreatic cancers in Pakistan, only limited work has been done in this area. Majority of the studies are based exclusively on reporting of clinical data. Pakistan has not been able to even gather sufficient data to proceed research based on association of molecular aspects of tumor with clinical characteristics. On the contrary, researchers, scientists and clinicians from other parts of the world are already working on association studies, prediction of prognosis, treatment selection and improving the survival of their population. It is an immense need of the situation that molecular based studies are carried out on Pakistani pancreatic cancer population so that diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and survival of these patients can be made better.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections among HIV-1-infected asymptomatic individuals in São Paulo, Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge CASSEB ◽  
Adele CATERINO-DE ARAUJO ◽  
Marisa A. HONG ◽  
Simone SALOMÃO ◽  
Dana GALLO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Pathogens ◽  
Hiv 1

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are often infected with multiple pathogens. In particular, HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections have been found more frequently in AIDS patients than in asymptomatic individuals in Europe and Japan. We carried out a serosurvey among asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects in São Paulo, Brazil and compared our results with those of other investigators. In this study, we found HTLV infection in 1.5% of 266 asymptomatic and 14% of 28 AIDS patients. Epidemiological data obtained from patients pointed out the use of intravenous drugs as the principal risk factor for acquiring retroviruses. In conclusion, our results are in accordance with other studies done in Brazil and elsewhere where the principal risk group for HIV/HTLV-I/II coinfection was IDU

G2-S16 dendrimer as a candidate for a microbicide to prevent HIV-1 infection in women

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (27) ◽  
pp. 9732-9742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ceña-Diez ◽  
Pilar García-Broncano ◽  
Francisco Javier de la Mata ◽  
Rafael Gómez ◽  
Salvador Resino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Heterosexual Intercourse ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Hiv 1

Unprotected heterosexual intercourse is the first route for sustaining the global spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), being responsible for 80% of new HIV-1 infections in the world.

scholarly journals Εκτίμηση των χαρακτηριστικών της επιδημίας του HIV-1 στην Ελλάδα με μεθόδους μοριακής επιδημιολογίας

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ευαγγελία-Γεωργία Κωστάκη
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Transmission Reduction ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv 1

Ο ιός της ανθρώπινης ανοσοανεπάρκειας (Human Immunodeficiency Virus – HIV) έχει προκαλέσει μία από τις μεγαλύτερες πανδημίες στα χρονικά της ανθρωπότητας. Στην Ελλάδα, σύμφωνα με στοιχεία του εθνικού συστήματος επιδημιολογικής επιτήρησης της HIV/AIDS λοίμωξης (Εθνικός Οργανισμός Δημόσιας Υγείας – Ε.Ο.Δ.Υ), ο συνολικός αριθμός των ατόμων που έχουν προσβληθεί από τον ιό μέχρι τα τέλη του 2018 ανέρχεται σε 17.389. Επίσης, στην Ελλάδα, με απαρχή το 2011, συνέβη μία από τις μεγαλύτερες επιδημικές εκρήξεις στην Ευρώπη σε χρήστες ενδοφλέβιων ναρκωτικών (ΧΕΝ). Η παρούσα διατριβή είχε σκοπό τη διερεύνηση και την αποτύπωση της επιδημίας του HIV-1 στην Ελλάδα με μοριακές μεθόδους και καινοτόμες εφαρμογές. Συγκεκριμένα, αναλύθηκαν 4.856 μοναδικές HIV-1 νουκλεοτιδικές αλληλουχίες, οι οποίες αποτελούσαν το μεγαλύτερο δυνατό δείγμα διαθέσιμων δεδομένων με δειγματοληψία το χρονικό διάστημα 1999-2015 από το μεγαλύτερο τμήμα της Ελληνικής επικράτειας. Η ανάλυση των αλληλουχιών βασίστηκε σε καινοτόμες εφαρμογές μοριακών μεθόδων, και συγκεκριμένα σε εφαρμογές φυλογενετικής, φυλοδυναμικής και φυλογεωγραφικής ανάλυσης. Η υποτύπηση των υπό μελέτη αλληλουχιών έδειξε ότι επικρατέστεροι HIV-1 τύποι στην Ελλάδα παραμένουν οι υπότυποι B (44,2%) και A1 (25,3%). Παρόλο αυτά, η διαχρονική εκτίμηση του επιπολασμού των HIV-1 υπότυπων το χρονικό διάστημα 1999-2015 έδειξε ότι η επιδημία του HIV-1 στην Ελλάδα διαφοροποιείται σημαντικά με το πέρασμα του χρόνου. Συγκεκριμένα, ο επιπολασμός του υπότυπου Β και όλων των μη Β μη Α1 υπότυπων βρέθηκε να μειώνεται σταδιακά στην πορεία του χρόνου, σε αντίθεση με τον επιπολασμό του υπότυπου Α1 και των ανασυνδυασμένων τύπων του ιού ο οποίος βρέθηκε να παρουσιάζει αυξητική τάση. Η μελέτη των προτύπων διασποράς των επικρατέστερων ΗΙV-1 υπότυπων στην Ελλάδα έδειξε ότι η επιμέρους επιδημία του υπότυπου Α1 (93,8%) παρουσιάζει υψηλότερα επίπεδα τοπικής διασποράς συγκριτικά με του Β (77,1%). H τοπική διασπορά του υπότυπου Α1 βρέθηκε να σχετίζεται σημαντικά με τον τρόπο μετάδοσης (άνδρες που κάνουν σεξ με άνδρες, Men who have Sex with Men – MSM) και την εθνικότητα (Ελληνική), ενώ του Β με την περίοδο δειγματοληψίας (2011-2015). Η μοριακή επιτήρηση της επιδημίας του HIV-1 στους ΧΕΝ της Αθήνας το χρονικό διάστημα 2011-2014 ανέδειξε την ύπαρξη τεσσάρων κύριων τοπικών δικτύων διασποράς του ιού (επιμέρους επιδημίες) σε ΧΕΝ (CRF14_BG, CRF35_AD, Β, A). Στα δίκτυα αυτά βρέθηκαν, επίσης, αλληλουχίες από μη ΧΕΝ, που υποδηλώνουν την ύπαρξη μετάδοσης του ιού από ΧΕΝ και σε άλλες ομάδες κινδύνου. Επιπρόσθετα, βρέθηκε ότι οι επιμέρους επιδημίες του υπότυπου Α1 και του CRF35_AD ξεκίνησαν την ίδια περίπου χρονική περίοδο (Δεκέμβριος 2009 - Μάιος 2010) και παρουσίασαν έντονη αύξηση κατά τα αρχικά στάδια της επιδημίας, σε αντίθεση με εκείνες του υπότυπου Β και του CRF14_BG για τις οποίες εκτιμήθηκε ότι η προέλευση τους ήταν προγενέστερη (B: Μάρτιος 2006, CRF14_BG: Ιούλιος 2008) και ότι οι μεταδόσεις διήρκησαν για μεγαλύτερο χρονικό διάστημα. Εστιάζοντας στους ΧΕΝ με μη Ελληνική εθνικότητα στην Αθήνα βρέθηκε ότι το μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό (94,3%) μολύνθηκε με HIV-1 μετά την άφιξη του στην Ελλάδα. Οι μεταδόσεις σε αυτόν τον ειδικό πληθυσμό πραγματοποιήθηκαν, κυρίως, εντός των τοπικών δικτύων διασποράς των ΧΕΝ (CRF14_BG, CRF35_AD, B, A1). Επίσης, βρέθηκε ότι κατά την επιδημική έκρηξη του HIV-1 στους ΧΕΝ στην Αθήνα οι μεταδόσεις του ιού συνέβησαν με μεγαλύτερη συχνότητα μεταξύ των ΧΕΝ διαφορετικών εθνικοτήτων (με μη Ελληνική εθνικότητα). Η μελέτη των κοινωνικών δικτύων και του τρόπου διασποράς του HIV-1 στους ΧΕΝ που συμμετείχαν στο πρόγραμμα «TRIP» (Transmission Reduction Intervention Project – TRIP) στην Αθήνα έδειξε ότι τo 59,3% των ατόμων είχε μολυνθεί σε κοινά δίκτυα μετάδοσης και είχε κοινωνική δικτύωση πρώτου βαθμού. Το υψηλό αυτό ποσοστό υποδηλώνει ότι κατά την επιδημία του HIV-1 στους ΧΕΝ στην Αθήνα περισσότερες από τις μισές μεταδόσεις πραγματοποιήθηκαν μεταξύ ατόμων με κοινωνική δικτύωση. Επιπρόσθετα, στον ίδιο πληθυσμό δείχθηκε ότι οι μεταδόσεις μεταξύ ατόμων με πρόσφατη HIV-1 λοίμωξη είναι πιο συχνές και, συνεπώς, τα άτομα με πρόσφατη HIV-1 λοίμωξη πιθανόν αποτελούν πηγές μετάδοσης του ιού. Αναφορικά με τον επιπολασμό αντοχής σε οποιαδήποτε κατηγορία φαρμάκων σε μη θεραπευμένα άτομα το διάστημα 2003-2015 εκτιμήθηκε 22,2%, με την αντοχή σε NNRTIs (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) να παρουσιάζει τα υψηλότερα ποσοστά (16,9%) και να αυξάνεται στην πορεία του χρόνου. Επιπρόσθετα, εντοπίστηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ των NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) και NNRTIs ως προς τα πρότυπα μετάδοσης των ανθεκτικών στελεχών. Συγκεκριμένα, οι κυρίαρχες μεταλλαγές στα NNRTIs (E138A, K103N) βρέθηκαν να μεταδίδονται σε τοπικά δίκτυα (πέντε επιμέρους επιδημίες) και να σχετίζονται με μεταδόσεις μεταξύ MSM και υπότυπο Α1. Τέλος, για τρεις επιμέρους επιδημίες της E138A εκτιμήθηκε ότι ξεκίνησαν το ίδιο περίπου χρονικό διάστημα (1995-1997) και παρέμεναν ενεργές μεταξύ 2011 και 2015. Σε αντίθεση με τις παραπάνω επιδημίες, για την επιδημία της K103N εκτιμήθηκε ότι ξεκίνησε αρκετά πιο πρόσφατα (2007) και παρέμενε ενεργή το διάστημα 2008-2013. Εν κατακλείδι, σύμφωνα με το Κέντρο Ελέγχου και Πρόληψης Νοσημάτων των Η.Π.Α. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC) η διερεύνηση και αποτύπωση των χαρακτηριστικών μιας επιδημίας είναι καίριας σημασίας προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί ο έλεγχος της επιδημίας. Προς αυτήν την κατεύθυνση, τα ευρήματα της παρούσας διατριβής, τα οποία προέκυψαν από την εφαρμογή καινοτόμων μεθόδων μοριακής επιδημιολογίας, οδήγησαν στην παραγωγή τεκμηριωμένης γνώσης που μπορεί να συμβάλει σημαντικά στην προσπάθεια ελέγχου της επιδημίας του HIV-1 στην Ελλάδα.

Aggregation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Human Salivary Secretions

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl J. Bergey ◽  
Moon-Il Cho ◽  
Marie-Louise Hammarskjöld ◽  
David Rekosh ◽  
Michael J. Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is generally transmitted by parenteral contact with infected body secretions. Although extensive epidemiological data and familial studies have failed to provide any conclusive data that saliva may act as a vehicle for transmission of AIDS, both professional and public anxieties remain. The present study, as well as others, suggests that salivary secretions may act as inhibitors of HTV-1 replication in vitro. In our study, the inhibitory activity was determined to be associated mainly with secretions obtained from the human submandibular-sublingual glands. Human submandibular-sublingual (HSMSL) and parotid (HPS) salivas were collected and tested for their ability to modulate the replication of HIV-1, using a plaque assay on HeLa/CD4+ cell monolayers. Initial results examining freshly collected salivary samples from ten individuals confirmed the results previously obtained by Fox et al. (1988, 1989). An average plaque reduction of~66% was obtained with HSMSL, in contrast to 34% reduction obtained with HPS. Titration of the inhibitory activity in HSMSL showed detectable levels at a 1:500 dilution. Comparison of inhibitory activity of dialyzed and lyophilized saliva to fresh saliva indicated little difference between the two samples when filtration occurred after the addition of HIV-1. However, the effect of filtration was significantly diminished in the lyophilized samples. Electron microscopic examination of the saliva-HIV incubates revealed the aggregation/entrapment of virus particles by salivary components. These results suggest that human salivary secretions (with HSMSL > HPS) may have a role in modulating the infectivity of HIV-1.

scholarly journals Twenty-First-Century Pandemics

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-100
Author(s):  
Dorothy H. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
First Century ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Flu Virus ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Hiv 1

This chapter investigates the pandemic viruses of the twenty-first century, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), flu, and SARS-CoV-2. Before we are even a quarter of the way through the twenty-first century, we have experienced three pandemics, with millions of lives lost. The first of these is HIV-1, which began in the twentieth century and is still ongoing, while H1N1/09 swine flu and COVID-19 arose in 2009 and 2019 respectively. All three pandemics are caused by zoonotic RNA viruses that appeared without warning and had spread uncontrollably before the alarm was raised. While all three are entirely new to humans and are therefore classed as emerging infections, other strains of the flu virus have infected us for many centuries. This chapter looks at where and how these viruses jumped to humans, and how and why they spread around the world.

scholarly journals In Vitro Intersubtype Recombinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Comparison to Recent and Circulating In Vivo Recombinant Forms

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (19) ◽  
pp. 9600-9613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel E. Quiñones-Mateu ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Sarah C. Ball ◽  
Andre J. Marozsan ◽  
Awet Abraha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Intersubtype Recombination ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Dual Infections

ABSTRACT The increased prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) intersubtype recombinants (ISRs) is shaping HIV-1 evolution throughout the world and will have an impact on both therapeutic and vaccine strategies. This study was designed to generate and compare in vitro ISRs to those isolated from HIV-infected individuals throughout the world. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were dually infected with seven pairs of HIV-1 isolates from different subtypes (i.e., A to F). Recombinant crossover sites were mapped to specific regions in the envelope (env) gene by using a cloning-hybridization technique and subtype-specific probes. In vitro intersubtype recombination was at least twofold more frequent in the V1-to-V3 region than in any other env fragment, i.e., C1 to V1, V3 to V5, or V5 to gp41. Sequence and recombination site analyses suggested the C2 env domain as a “hot region” for recombination and selection of replication-competent ISRs during the 15-day incubation. In addition to these regional preferences for env recombination, homopolymeric nucleotide tracts, i.e., sequences known to pause reverse transcriptase and promote template switching, were found in most in vitro crossover sites. ISRs, originating from recent dual infections and limited transmission events, partly retained this in vitro regional or sequence preference for recombination sites. However, a shift to crossover sites flanking the gp120-coding sequence was evident in the stable circulating recombinant forms of HIV-1. Based on these findings, HIV-1 recombinants generated from these dual infections may be used as a model for in vivo intersubtype recombination and for the design of various diagnostic assays and vaccine constructs.

scholarly journals Relations of Antiretroviral Combinations to CD4 Levels of HIV TB Patiens in RSUD H.Abdul Manap Jambi

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Jelly Permatasari ◽  
Indri Meirista ◽  
Hamira Bafadhal
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Hiv Progression ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are increasing every year. This case is a disease that is very rapidly transmitted throughout the world. HIV increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) and conversely TB infection increases HIV progression. In 2017, it is estimated that 10 million people have HIV TB. Combination of antiretrovirals is the basis for the management of antiretroviral therapy for HIV / AIDS patients, because it can reduce resistance, suppress HIV replication effectively so that transmission, opportunistic infections and other complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between antiretroviral combinations and CD4 levels in outpatient HIV TB patients at RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi. This study is a retrospective cohort study using medical records of outpatient HIV TB patients at RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on research conducted on outpatient HIV TB patients at Abdul Manap Hospital, Jambi, it was found that there was no relationship between antiretroviral combinations and CD4 levels in HIV TB patients, marked by Asimp.Sig 0.778> 0.05.

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