scholarly journals Prevention of enteric bacterial infections and modulation of gut microbiota composition with conjugated linoleic acids producingLactobacillusin mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengfei Peng ◽  
Zajeba Tabashsum ◽  
Puja Patel ◽  
Cassandra Bernhardt ◽  
Chitrine Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractProbiotics are recognized to outcompete pathogenic bacteria by receptor-mediated colonizing and secreting functional metabolites which have direct antimicrobial activities towards pathogens and/or improving host’s gut health and immunity. We have constructed aLactobacillus casei(LC) probiotic strain, LC+mcra, by insertingmcra(myosin cross-reactive antigen) gene, which stimulates the conversion of conjugated linoleic acids. In this study, we evaluated the protective roles of LC+mcraagainst pathogenicSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium (ST) and enterohaemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC) infection in BALB/cJ mice. Through a series ofin vivoinvestigation, we observed that LC+mcracolonized efficiently in mice gut and competitively reduced the infection with ST and EHEC in various locations of small and large intestine, specifically cecum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05). The cecal microbiota in ST-challenged mice with LC+mcraprotection were positively modulated with higher relative abundances Firmicutes but lower Proteobacteria plus increased bacterial species diversity/richness based on 16S metagenomic sequencing. Based on cytokine gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR, mice pretreated with LC+mcrawere found with attenuated bacterial pathogen-induced gut inflammation. Furthermore, mice fed LC+mcradaily for one week could protect themselves from the impairments caused by enteric infections with ST or EHEC. These impairments include weight loss, negative hematological changes, intestinal histological alterations, and potential death. Thisin vivostudy suggests that daily consumption of novel conjugated linoleic acids over-producing probiotic might be efficient in improving gut intestinal microbiome composition and preventing/combating foodborne enteric bacterial infections with pathogenicSalmonellaand diarrheagenicE. coli.Author summaryNumerous bacteria colonize throughout the gastrointestinal tract and form a complex microbial ecosystem known as gut microbiota. A balanced microbial composition is crucial for maintaining proper gut health and host defense against pathogenic microbes. However, enteric bacterial infections could cause illness and even lead to death of host when foodborne pathogens likeSalmonellaand enterohaemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC) invade gut intestine and cause imbalance of gut microbiota. Beneficial microbes in gastrointestinal tract such asLactobacillusand their secreted bio-active metabolites, are potential bio-agents to improve gut immunity and outcompete bacterial pathogens. In this study, to evaluate roles of novelLactobacillusstrain LC+mcrawhich produce higher amount of a group of beneficial secondary metabolites called conjugated linoleic acids, we have shown that daily oral administration of this LC+mcrafor one-week in mice lead to higher proportion of beneficial bacterial colonization in different locations of intestine and a significant reduction of pathogenicSalmonellaand EHEC colonization. Furthermore, mice fed with LC+mcrarestore and modulateSalmonellainfection-induced negative impact on gut microbiota composition and protect themselves from various levels of physiological damage.

scholarly journals Colonisation potential of plantaricin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum SF9C andS-layer-carrying Lactobacillus brevis SF9B among gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Butorac ◽  
Martina Banic ◽  
Jasna Novak ◽  
Andreja Leboš Pavunc ◽  
Ksenija Uroic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background: The influence of an S-layer-carrying strain Lactobacillus brevis SF9B and a plantaricin-producing strain Lactobacillus plantarum SF9C on the gut microbiota composition was evaluated in the rats. Considering the probiotic potential of Lb. brevis SF9B, this study aimed to examine the antibacterial activity of Lb. plantarum SF9C and potential for their in vivo colonisation, which could be the basis for the investigation of their synergistic functionality. Results: A plantaricin-encoding cluster was identified in Lb. plantarum SF9C, a strain which efficiently inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC®19111™ and Staphylococcus aureus 3048. Contrary to the plantaricin-producing SF9C strain, the S-layer-carrying SF9B strain excluded Escherichia coli 3014 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium FP1 from adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Finally, DGGE analysis of the V2-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed the transit of two selected lactobacilli through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Microbiome profiling via the Illumina MiSeq platform revealed the prevalence of Lactobacillus spp. in the gut microbiota of rats suggesting their colonisation potential in GIT.Conclusion: The combined application of Lb. plantarum SF9C and Lb. brevis SF9B could influence the intestinal microbiota composition, which is reflected through the increased abundance of Lactobacillus genus, but also through altered abundances of other bacterial genera, either in the model of healthy or aberrant microbiota of rats. The obtained results contributed to the functional aspects of SF9C and SF9B strains which could be incorporated in the probiotic-containing functional foods and therefore have a beneficial influence on the gut microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Fibres on Acute Indomethacin-Induced Intestinal Hyperpermeability in the Elderly: A Randomised Placebo Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1954
Author(s):  
John-Peter Ganda Mall ◽  
Frida Fart ◽  
Julia A. Sabet ◽  
Carl Mårten Lindqvist ◽  
Ragnhild Nestestog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Dietary Fibres ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The effect of dietary fibres on intestinal barrier function has not been well studied, especially in the elderly. We aimed to investigate the potential of the dietary fibres oat β-glucan and wheat arabinoxylan to strengthen the intestinal barrier function and counteract acute non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin)-induced hyperpermeability in the elderly. A general population of elderly subjects (≥65 years, n = 49) was randomised to a daily supplementation (12g/day) of oat β-glucan, arabinoxylan or placebo (maltodextrin) for six weeks. The primary outcome was change in acute indomethacin-induced intestinal permeability from baseline, assessed by an in vivo multi-sugar permeability test. Secondary outcomes were changes from baseline in: gut microbiota composition, systemic inflammatory status and self-reported health. Despite a majority of the study population (85%) showing a habitual fibre intake below the recommendation, no significant effects on acute indomethacin-induced intestinal hyperpermeability in vivo or gut microbiota composition were observed after six weeks intervention with either dietary fibre, compared to placebo.

scholarly journals 2581. An Invertebrate Model to Study Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S896-S897
Author(s):  
Faris S Alnezary ◽  
Tasnuva Rashid ◽  
Khurshida Begum ◽  
Travis J Carlson ◽  
Anne J Gonzales-Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Invertebrate Model ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Antimicrobials disrupt the gut microbiota by reducing gut microbiome diversity and quantity. Galleria mellonella provides an invertebrate model that is inexpensive, easy to maintain, and does not require specialized equipment. This study investigated the feasibility of using G. mellonella as an in vivo model to evaluate the effect of different antimicrobials on gut microbiota. Methods To determine baseline gut microbiota composition, the gut contents of G. mellonella were extracted and genomic DNA underwent shotgun meta-genomic sequencing. To determine the effect of infection and antibiotic use, 30 larvae were injected (left proleg) with ~1 × 105 colony-forming unit (cfu) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and were randomized 1:1:1 to treatment with vancomycin (20 mg/kg) or a natural antimicrobial (Nigella sativa seed oil, 70 mg/kg; NS oil), or a combination. The larvae were kept at 37°C post-infection and monitored daily for 72 hours for activity, extent of cocoon formation/growth, melanization, and survival. Two larvae from each group were randomly selected and homogenized with PBS as controls. After 24 hours of incubation, gut contents were extracted and plated for MRSA and Enterococcus cfu counts. Results Metagenomics analysis showed the gut microbiota composition of G. mellonella larvae was dominated by a subset of closely-related Enterococcus species. After 24 hours of exposure, mean Enterococcus counts were 4 × 103 cfu in the vancomycin arm and 6.2 × 104 cfu in the NS oil arm. Mean MRSA counts were 3.3 × 105 cfu in vancomycin arm and 1.5 × 104 cfu in NS oil arm. The combination of vancomycin and NS oil had higher Enterococcus counts than the vancomycin alone arm (6.3 × 104 cfu vs. 4 × 103 cfu, respectively), suggesting that NS oil may have a role in protecting the gut microbiota. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence to support the potential use of G. mellonella to assess the in vivo effect of a natural and synthetic antimicrobial on the gut microbiota. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota Affects Host Pathophysiology as an Endocrine Organ: A Focus on Cardiovascular Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Busnelli ◽  
Stefano Manzini ◽  
Giulia Chiesa
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Host Physiology ◽  
Gut Microorganisms ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

It is widely recognized that the microorganisms inhabiting our gastrointestinal tract—the gut microbiota—deeply affect the pathophysiology of the host. Gut microbiota composition is mostly modulated by diet, and gut microorganisms communicate with the different organs and tissues of the human host by synthesizing hormones and regulating their release. Herein, we will provide an updated review on the most important classes of gut microbiota-derived hormones and their sensing by host receptors, critically discussing their impact on host physiology. Additionally, the debated interplay between microbial hormones and the development of cardiovascular disease will be thoroughly analysed and discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of an Intermittent Meat Protein Diet on Colon Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 424-424
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Chunbao Li ◽  
Guanghong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives The level of dietary protein is a major factor determining gut health. The level of dietary protein is fluctuated in real life, which may affect colon homeostasis. However, it is still less known about it. Here, we investigated how an intermittent protein diet affected inflammatory, gut barrier and microbiota. Methods Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received either a casein or pork protein with (i) 20% protein (C), (ii) 5% protein, (iii) 40% protein, or intermittent diet, a diet alternating weekly between 5% protein and 40% protein ((iv) ending on 40% protein or (v) ending on 5% protein)) for up to 16 weeks. The gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, tight junction protein and gut microbiota composition were measured. Results The intermittent intake of casein decreased body weight, but intermittent pork protein diet didn't affect body weight. In casein group, the proinflammatory factors were highly upregulated in intermittent group ending on 5% protein, but the proinflammatory cytokines of intermittent group ending on 40% protein were not significantly affected. However, the two intermittent pork protein groups reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, intermittent diet altered gut microbiota composition. Intermittent casein group ending on 40% protein increased richness of gut microbiota, but intermittent pork protein group ending on 5% protein decreased richness and microbial diversity. Conclusions Intermittent diet indeed altered microbiota structure and colon health. In addition to protein level and source, dietary pattern is also an important parameter for host health. Funding Sources This work was funded by Ministry of Science and Technology (10000 Talent Project).

scholarly journals Exogenous and endogenous HDAC inhibitor effects in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Di Fede ◽  
Emerenziana Ottaviano ◽  
Paolo Grazioli ◽  
Camilla Ceccarani ◽  
Chiara Parodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hdac Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACTRubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with specific clinical signs and neurodevelopmental impairment. The two known proteins altered in the majority of RSTS patients are the histone acetylation regulators CBP and p300. For assessing possible ameliorative effects of exogenous and endogenous HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), we exploited in vivo and in vitro RSTS models. First, HDACi effects were tested on Drosophila melanogaster, showing molecular rescue. In the same model, we observed a shift in gut microbiota composition. We then studied HDACi effects in RSTS cell lines compared to healthy donor cells. We observed patients-specific molecular rescue of acetylation defects at subtoxic concentrations. Finally, we assessed commensal gut microbiota composition in a cohort of RSTS patients compared to healthy siblings. Intriguingly, we observed a significant depletion in butyrate-producing bacteria in RSTS patients. In conclusion, this study reports the possibility of modulating acetylation equilibrium by HDACi treatments and the importance of microbiota composition in a chromatinopathy.

scholarly journals The Interaction between the Gut Microbiota and Chronic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Sanusi-Olubowale
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The world is experiencing an increase in chronic diseases like diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes preceding disease like gestational diabetes. Most of these diseases can be prevented and mitigated if individuals pay attention to the causative factors. One of such factors is the type of microorganisms in an individual’s gut. Even though there are innate beneficial microorganisms in the human gut, pathogenic microorganisms can invade the gut, changing the inborn population of the gut microbiota. The changes in the gut microbiota population have been linked to several diseases. This chapter, therefore, describes gut microbiota and their interaction with specific diseases. Also discussed in this chapter are the changes to gut microbiota composition that pose a risk to the host. There is substantial evidence that diseases are initiated or worsened with a change in the gut microbiota composition. Therefore, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in individuals’ health and requires human efforts to keep them in the right population. Furthermore, making lifestyle changes, particularly food choices and behaviors such as the misuse of medications and excessive alcohol consumption, should be monitored and controlled to support gut health.

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