scholarly journals Sodium nitroprusside prevents the detrimental effects of glucose on the neurovascular unit and behaviour in zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Chhabria ◽  
A. Vouros ◽  
C. Gray ◽  
R.B. MacDonald ◽  
Z. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mural Cell ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Glucose Exposure

AbstractDiabetes is associated with dysfunction of the neurovascular unit, although the mechanisms of this are incompletely understood, and currently no treatment exists to prevent these negative effects. We previously found that the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) prevents the detrimental effect of glucose on neurovascular coupling in zebrafish. We therefore sought to establish the wider effects of glucose exposure on both the neurovascular unit and on behaviour in zebrafish and the ability of SNP to prevent these.We incubated 4 days post fertilisation (dpf) zebrafish embryos in 20mM glucose or mannitol for five days until 9dpf, with or without 0.1mM SNP co-treatment for 24h (8-9dpf), and quantified vascular nitric oxide reactivity, vascular mural cell number, expression of aklf2areporter, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and TRPV4, as well as spontaneous neuronal activation at 9dpf, all in the optic tectum. We also assessed the effect on light/dark preference and locomotory characteristics during free-swimming studies.We find that glucose exposure significantly reduced nitric oxide reactivity,klf2areporter expression, vascular mural cell number and TRPV4 expression, while significantly increasing spontaneous neuronal activation and GFAP expression (all in the optic tectum). Furthermore, when we examined larval behaviour we found glucose exposure significantly altered light/dark preference and high and low speed locomotion while in light. Co-treatment with SNP reversed all these molecular and behavioural effects of glucose exposure.Our findings comprehensively describe the negative effects of glucose exposure on the vascular anatomy, molecular phenotype, and function of the optic tectum and on whole organism behaviour. We also show that SNP or other NO donors may represent a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the complications of diabetes on the neurovascular unit.

Nitric oxide increases fluid extravasation from the splenic circulation of the rat

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. R959-R967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Andrew ◽  
Yiming Deng ◽  
Richard Sultanian ◽  
Susan Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Fluid Extravasation ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Blood Inflow ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Arteries And Veins

We hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) contributes to intrasplenic fluid extravasation by inducing greater relaxation in splenic resistance arteries than veins such that intrasplenic microvascular pressure (PC) rises. Fluid efflux was estimated by measuring the difference between splenic blood inflow and outflow. Intrasplenic infusion of the NO donor S-nitroso- N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) (0.3 μg · 10 μl−1 · min−1) caused a significant increase in intrasplenic fluid efflux (baseline: 0.8 ± 0.4 ml/min, n = 10 vs. peak rise during SNAP infusion: 1.3 ± 0.4 ml/min, n = 10; P < 0.05). Intrasplenic PC was measured in the isolated, blood-perfused rat spleen. Intrasplenic infusion of SNAP (0.1 μg · 10 μl−1 · min−1) caused a significant increase in PC (saline: 10.9 ± 0.2 mmHg, n = 3 vs. SNAP: 12.2 ± 0.2 mmHg, n = 3; P < 0.05). Vasoreactivity of preconstricted splenic resistance vessels to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (1 × 10−12-1 × 10−4 M) and SNAP (1 × 10−10-3 × 10−4 M) was investigated with the use of a wire myograph system. Significantly greater relaxation of arterioles than of venules occurred with both SNP (%maximal vasorelaxation: artery 96 ± 2.3, n = 9 vs. vein 26 ± 1.9, n = 10) and SNAP (%maximal vasorelaxation: artery 50 ± 3.5, n = 11 vs. vein 32 ± 1.7, n = 8). These results are consistent with our proposal that differential vasoreactivity of splenic resistance arteries and veins to NO elevates intrasplenic PC and increases fluid extravasation into the systemic lymphatic system.

scholarly journals Differences in nitric oxide steady states between arginine, hypoxanthine, uracil auxotrophs (AHU) and non-AHU strains ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeduring anaerobic respiration in the presence of nitrite

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Barth ◽  
Virginia L. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
State Level ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Steady State Level ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Uracil Auxotrophs

Neisseria gonorrhoeae can grow by anaerobic respiration using nitrite as an alternative electron acceptor. Under these growth conditions, N. gonorrhoeae produces and degrades nitric oxide (NO), an important host defense molecule. Laboratory strain F62 has been shown to establish and maintain a NO steady-state level that is a function of the nitrite reductase/NO reductase ratio and is independent of cell number. The nitrite reductase activities (122–197 nmol NO2reduced·min–1·OD600–1) and NO reductase activities (88–155 nmol NO reduced·min–1·OD600–1) in a variety of gonococcal clinical isolates were similar to the specific activities seen in F62 (241 nmol NO2reduced·min–1·OD600–1and 88 nmol NO reduced·min–1·OD600–1, respectively). In seven gonococcal strains, the NO steady-state levels established in the presence of nitrite were similar to that of F62 (801–2121 nmol·L–1NO), while six of the strains, identified as arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil auxotrophs (AHU), that cause asymptomatic infection in men had either two- to threefold (373–579 nmol·L–1NO) or about 100-fold (13–24 nmol·L–1NO) lower NO steady-state concentrations. All tested strains in the presence of a NO donor, 2,2′-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanimine/NO, quickly lowered and maintained NO levels in the noninflammatory range of NO (<300 nmol·L–1). The generation of a NO steady-state concentration was directly affected by alterations in respiratory control in both F62 and an AHU strain, although differences in membrane function are suspected to be responsible for NO steady-state level differences in AHU strains.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Prevents Fe Deficiency-Induced Photosynthetic Disturbance, and Oxidative Stress in Alfalfa by Regulating Fe Acquisition and Antioxidant Defense

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Md Atikur Rahman ◽  
Ahmad Humayan Kabir ◽  
Yowook Song ◽  
Sang-Hoon Lee ◽  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
H2o2 Accumulation ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Iron (Fe) deficiency impairs photosynthetic efficiency, plant growth and biomass yield. This study aimed to reveal the role of nitric oxide (NO) in restoring Fe-homeostasis and oxidative status in Fe-deficient alfalfa. In alfalfa, a shortage of Fe negatively affected the efficiency of root andshoot length, leaf greenness, maximum quantum yield PSII (Fv/Fm), Fe, S, and Zn accumulation, as well as an increase in H2O2 accumulation. In contrast, in the presence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, these negative effects of Fe deficiency were largely reversed. In response to the SNP, the expression of Fe transporters (IRT1, NRAMP1) and S transporter (SULTR1;2) genes increased in alfalfa. Additionally, the detection of NO generation using fluorescence microscope revealed that SNP treatment increased the level of NO signal, indicating that NO may act as regulatory signal in response to SNP in plants. Interestingly, the increase of antioxidant genes and their related enzymes (Fe-SOD, APX) in response to SNP treatment suggests that Fe-SOD and APX are key contributors to reducing ROS (H2O2) accumulation and oxidative stress in alfalfa. Furthermore, the elevation of Ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway-related genes (GR and MDAR) Fe-deficiency with SNP implies that the presence of NO relates to enhanced antioxidant defense against Fe-deficiency stress.

scholarly journals Polyamine Induction in Postharvest Banana Fruits in Response to NO Donor SNP Occurs via l-Arginine Mediated Pathway and Not via Competitive Diversion of S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeresh Lokesh ◽  
Girigowda Manjunatha ◽  
Namratha S. Hegde ◽  
Mallesham Bulle ◽  
Bijesh Puthusseri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Common Precursor ◽  
Competitive Action ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to antagonize ethylene by various mechanisms; one of such mechanisms is reducing ethylene levels by competitive action on S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)—a common precursor for both ethylene and polyamines (PAs) biosynthesis. In order to investigate whether this mechanism of SAM pool diversion by NO occur towards PAs biosynthesis in banana, we studied the effect of NO on alterations in the levels of PAs, which in turn modulate ethylene levels during ripening. In response to NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment, all three major PAs viz. putrescine, spermidine and spermine were induced in control as well as ethylene pre-treated banana fruits. However, the gene expression studies in two popular banana varieties of diverse genomes, Nanjanagudu rasabale (NR; AAB genome) and Cavendish (CAV; AAA genome) revealed the downregulation of SAM decarboxylase, an intermediate gene involved in ethylene and PA pathway after the fifth day of NO donor SNP treatment, suggesting that ethylene and PA pathways do not compete for SAM. Interestingly, arginine decarboxylase belonging to arginine-mediated route of PA biosynthesis was upregulated several folds in response to the SNP treatment. These observations revealed that NO induces PAs via l-arginine-mediated route and not via diversion of SAM pool.

Acute and repeated exposure with the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) differentially modulate responses in a rat model of anxiety

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha A. Orfanidou ◽  
Anastasios Lafioniatis ◽  
Aikaterini Trevlopoulou ◽  
Ntilara Touzlatzi ◽  
Nikolaos Pitsikas
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
No Donor

scholarly journals The Nitric Oxide (NO) Donor Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) and Its Potential for the Schizophrenia Therapy: Lights and Shadows

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3196
Author(s):  
Elli Zoupa ◽  
Nikolaos Pitsikas
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
No Production ◽  
No Donor ◽  
No Donors ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
The Brain

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder affecting up to 1% of the worldwide population. Available therapy presents different limits comprising lack of efficiency in attenuating negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, typical features of schizophrenia and severe side effects. There is pressing requirement, therefore, to develop novel neuroleptics with higher efficacy and safety. Nitric oxide (NO), an intra- and inter-cellular messenger in the brain, appears to be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In particular, underproduction of this gaseous molecule is associated to this mental disease. The latter suggests that increment of nitrergic activity might be of utility for the medication of schizophrenia. Based on the above, molecules able to enhance NO production, as are NO donors, might represent a class of compounds candidates. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a NO donor and is proposed as a promising novel compound for the treatment of schizophrenia. In the present review, we intended to critically assess advances in research of SNP for the therapy of schizophrenia and discuss its potential superiority over currently used neuroleptics.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE ON SOME ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES UNDER SALT STRESS IN SUNFLOWER PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Fusun Yurekli ◽  
Oguz A. Kirecci ◽  
Ilknur Celik
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Tolerant Variety ◽  
Leaf Tissues

The effects of externally applied sodium nitroprusside on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzyme activities, nitric oxide (NO) levels have investigated in salt stress resistant and sensitive sunflower plants. NaCl treatments and SNP treatments simultaneous with salt application (NaCl + SNP) were performed. SOD, GPx, APX and CAT antioxidant enzyme activities and NO levels, showed differences in leaf tissues treated with 100 µM SNP, different concentrations of NaCl, and NaCl + SNP. SOD, GPx and APX enzyme activities were generally increased in sensitive variety but decreased in tolerant variety. However, while generally increase in CAT enzyme activity was determined in tolerant type, a reduction was established in sensitive type. An increase was determined in both types in NO levels. It is evident from these results that administration of NO donor SNP can cope with reactive oxygen species in both varieties. This study indicates that the negative effects of salt stress on different sun flower varieties can be recovered by nitric oxide.

scholarly journals Exogenous application of nitric oxide donors regulates short-term flooding stress in soybean

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aaqil Khan ◽  
Abdul Latif Khan ◽  
Qari Muhammad Imran ◽  
Sajjad Asaf ◽  
Sang-Uk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Flooding Stress ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions

Short-term water submergence to soybean (Glycine max L.) create hypoxic conditions hindering plant growth and productivity. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered a stress-signalling and stress-evading molecule, however, little is known about its role during flooding stress. We elucidated the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitroso L-cysteine (CySNO) as NO donor in modulation of flooding stress-related bio-chemicals and genetic determinants of associated nitrosative stress to Daewon and Pungsannamul soybean cultivars after 3 h and 6 h of flooding stress. The results showed that exogenous SNP and CysNO induced glutathione activity and reduced the resulting superoxide anion contents during short-term flooding in Pungsannamul soybean. The exo- SNP and CysNO triggered the endogenous S-nitrosothiols, and resulted in elevated abscisic acid (ABA) contents in both soybean cultivars overtime. To know the role of ABA and NO related genes in short-term flooding stress, the mRNA expression of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR1), NO overproducer1 (NOX1) and nitrate reductase (NR), Timing of CAB expression1 (TOC1), and ABA-receptor (ABAR) were assessed. The transcripts accumulation of GSNOR1, NOX1, and NR being responsible for NO homeostasis, were significantly high in response to early or later phases of flooding stress. ABAR and TOC1 showed a decrease in transcript accumulation in both soybean plants treated with exogenous SNP and CySNO. The exo- SNP and CySNO could impinge a variety of biochemical and transcriptional programs that can mitigate the negative effects of short-term flooding stress in soybean.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Ameliorates Plant Metal Toxicity by Increasing Antioxidant Capacity and Reducing Pb and Cd Translocation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1981
Author(s):  
Abolghassem Emamverdian ◽  
Yulong Ding ◽  
James Barker ◽  
Farzad Mokhberdoran ◽  
Muthusamy Ramakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Heavy Metal Toxicity ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to increase plant resistance to heavy metal stress. In this regard, an in vitro tissue culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in the alleviation of heavy metal toxicity in a bamboo species (Arundinaria pygmaea) under lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) toxicity. The treatment included 200 µmol of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) alone and in combination with 200 µM SNP: NO donor, 0.1% Hb, bovine hemoglobin (NO scavenger), and 50 µM L-NAME, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NO synthase inhibitor) in four replications in comparison to controls. The results demonstrated that the addition of L-NAME and Hb as an NO synthase inhibitor and NO scavenger significantly increased oxidative stress and injured the cell membrane of the bamboo species. The addition of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for NO synthesis increased antioxidant activity, protein content, photosynthetic properties, plant biomass, and plant growth under heavy metal (Pb and Cd) toxicity. It was concluded that NO can increase plant tolerance for metal toxicity with some key mechanisms, such as increasing antioxidant activities, limiting metal translocation from roots to shoots, and diminishing metal accumulation in the roots, shoots, and stems of bamboo species under heavy metal toxicity (Pb and Cd).

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