scholarly journals Genome-wide analyses indirectly implicate miRNA regulatory mechanisms in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder psychopathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
NW McGregor ◽  
KS O’Connell ◽  
L Davis ◽  
CA Mathews ◽  
C Lochner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Genome Wide

ABSTRACTBackgroundMiRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs possessing the potential to modulate gene expression upon binding to their target messenger RNA (mRNA) constructs, and are known to play a role in the pathogenesis of a range of psychiatric disorders. To date, little work has focused on the role of miRNAs in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of this study was to assess the potential involvement of miRNAs in OCD psychopathology.MethodsThe most significant variants (p ≤ 1×10−4) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) TS/OCD Workgroup OCD meta-analysis were selected and investigated using miRBASE, TargetScan and SNPnexus to determine whether they influence miRNA- mediated regulation in the clinical manifestation of OCD.ResultsTwo-hundred and forty SNPs were identified from the PGC OCD summarystatistics, of which none were found to directly alter miRNA-related gene regulation using in silico analyses. Enrichment analyses identified several potential indirect miRNA-mediated targets associated with both increased (ITPR3: mir-124A) and decreased risk (GPR109A: mir-520A, and mir-525; CGNL1: mir-98 and mir-219).ConclusionmiRNA-mediated regulation was indirectly implicated in the psychopathology of OCD. Enrichment analyses implicates intracellular calcium and immune dysregulation in the clinical manifestation of the disorder and warrants further investigation of the role the immune system may play in the manifestation of disease.

scholarly journals Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Decision Making under Ambiguity: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Veronica Nisticò ◽  
Andrea De Angelis ◽  
Roberto Erro ◽  
Benedetta Demartini ◽  
Lucia Ricciardi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

In the last decade, decision-making has been proposed to have a central role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) aetiology, since patients show pathological doubt and an apparent inability to make decisions. Here, we aimed to comprehensively review decision making under ambiguity, as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), in OCD, using a meta-analytic approach. According to PRISMA Guidelines, we selected 26 studies for a systematic review and, amongst them, 16 studies were included in a meta-analysis, comprising a total of 846 OCD patients and 763 healthy controls (HC). Our results show that OCD patients perform significantly lower than HC at the IGT, pointing towards the direction of a decision making impairment. In particular, this deficit seems to emerge mainly in the last three blocks of the IGT. IGT scores in OCD patients under the age of 18 were still significantly lower than in HC. Finally, no difference emerged between medicated and unmedicated patients, since they both scored significantly lower at the IGT compared to HC. In conclusion, our results are in line with the hypothesis according to which decision making impairment might represent a potential endophenotype lying between the clinical manifestation of OCD and its neurobiological aetiology.

Rigidly Applied Rules? Revisiting Inflexibility in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Using Multilevel Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Fradkin ◽  
Asher Y. Strauss ◽  
Maayan Pereg ◽  
Jonathan D. Huppert
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Nonspecific Factors

Several recent models of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) consider it to be a neurocognitive disorder involving inflexibility and disinhibition. Indeed, previous reviews of neuropsychological functioning in OCD suggested impaired performance in flexibility tasks. The current meta-analysis examines whether the reported differences in flexibility can be explained by general underperformance unrelated to flexibility. In addition, the role of feedback processing in inflexibility is investigated. To this end, we integrated evidence from 75 studies that compared patients with OCD with nonpsychiatric controls on at least one flexibility measure, while applying a novel approach in which task scores measuring flexibility were compared with control scores from the same tasks measuring other confounding processes. The results revealed no evidence for inflexibility in OCD, with patients’ performance most parsimoniously explained by nonspecific factors. These results challenge models stressing inflexibility as an endophenotype of OCD. Methodological implications for reviewing cognitive deficits in psychopathology are discussed.

Pupil with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Karolina Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
School Performance ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Pupil with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Over the past twenty years childhood OCD has received more attention than any other anxiety disorder that occurs in the childhood. The increasing interest and research in this area have led to increasing number of diagnoses of OCD in children and adolescents, which affects both specialists and teachers. Depending on the severity of symptoms OCD has a detrimental effect upon child's school performance, which can lead almost to the impossibility to concentrate on school and associated duties. This article is devoted to the obsessive-compulsive disorder and its specifics in children, focusing on the impact of this disorder on behaviour, experience and performance of the child in the school environment. It mentions how important is the role of the teacher in whose class the pupil with this diagnosis is and it points out that it is necessary to increase teachers' competence to identify children with OCD symptoms, to take the disease into the account, to adapt the course of teaching and to introduce such measures that could help children reduce the anxiety and maintain (or increase) the school performance within and in accordance with the school regulations and curriculum.

Technology Supported Mindfulness for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: The Role of Obsessive Beliefs

2021 ◽  
pp. 102405
Author(s):  
Lance L. Hawley ◽  
Neil A. Rector ◽  
Margaret A. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Beliefs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals The Fourth IOCDC

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Eric Hollander ◽  
Joseph Zohar ◽  
Donatella Marazziti
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Ablative Surgery

The Fourth International Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Conference (IOCDC) was held February 10–12, 2000, on the beautiful island of St. Thomas. The IOCDC is an annual meeting which brings together the world's leading experts in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders in a small workshop setting to present recent research advances, discuss gaps in our current knowledge, and plan or international approaches that address these knowledge gaps. The IOCDC meetings have been held on islands on both sides of the Atlantic—Capri, Guadeloupe, Madeira, and now St. Thomas.The International Organizing Committee consists of Eric Hollander, MD (USA), Joseph Zohar, MD (Israel), and Donatella Marazziti, MD (Italy). The proceedings are generously supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Solvay Pharmaceuticals, and we would like to acknowledge the very important contributions of Chantal Vekens and Mary Blangiardo of Solvay. Also, an mportant part of the success of these meetings stems from the very active role of the chairpersons and cochairpersons of the workshops who lead the discussions, who synthesize the future directions and prepare the manuscripts that result from these discussions that appear in this academic supplement.The meeting led off with a state-of-the-art plenary address by Mark George, MD (USA), describing how new methods of brain stimulation are improving research and therapy in OCD and promise to revolutionize neuropsychiatric research and herapy over the next decade. He describes how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to test the circuits in OCD and test electrophysiologic evaluations of cortical inhibition n OCD. Newer techniques that are less invasive than ablative surgery and appear promising in OCD therapy include vagus nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document