scholarly journals The physiological response in the mammary gland to Escherichia coli infection reflects a conflict between glucose need for milk production and immune response

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomo E. Blum ◽  
Dan E. Heller ◽  
Shamay Jacoby ◽  
Oleg Krifucks ◽  
Uzi Merin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Immune Changes

AbstractUpon entry into the mammary gland, mammary pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli rapidly grow using milk as a nutrient source, in a manner highly dependent on the expression of the ferric-dicitrate system by these bacteria. Intra-mammary challenge with distinct mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) strains result in development of clinical acute mastitis, with peak bacterial counts in milk at 16-24 h post-challenged and profound immune changes found in the milk. The main biochemical changes measured in milk were partially in accord with lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis, with increased glucose-6-phosphate and lactate dehydrogenase activity or prolonged lactate dehydrogenase, and Glu6P/Glu alterations. Changes also reflect physiological responses to inflammation in the mammary gland, as in the balance between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism (citrate to lactate ratios). Some alterations measured in milk resolved with days after challenge but other remained for above one month, regardless of bacterial clearance. The results suggest that E. coli mastitits can be divided into two stages: an acute, clinical phase, as an immediate response to bacterial infection in the mammary gland and a chronic phase, independent of bacteria clearance, and in response to the tissue damage caused in the first phase.

Effect of Escherichia Coli Infection on Metabolism of Dietary Protein in Intestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 772-776
Author(s):  
Xiao-Pei Peng ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Jian-Min Ma ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

Dietary proteins are linked to the pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) through the intestinal tract, which is the site where both dietary proteins are metabolized and pathogenic E. coli strains play a pathogenic role. Dietary proteins are degraded by enzymes in the intestine lumen and their metabolites are transferred into enterocytes to be further metabolized. Seven diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes have been identified, and they damage the intestinal epithelium through physical injury and effector proteins, which lead to inhibit the digestibility and absorption of dietary proteins in the intestine tract. But the increased tryptophan (Trp) content in the feed, low-protein diet or milk fractions supplementation is effective in preventing and controlling infections by pathogenic E. coli in the intestine.

scholarly journals Zebrafish nephrosin helps host defence against Escherichia coli infection

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 170040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Di ◽  
Qing Lin ◽  
Zhibin Huang ◽  
Yali Chi ◽  
Xiaohui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Host Defence ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Effective Models

Neutrophils play important roles in innate immunity and are mainly dependent on various enzyme-containing granules to kill engulfed microorganisms. Zebrafish nephrosin ( npsn ) is specifically expressed in neutrophils; however, its function is largely unknown. Here, we generated an npsn mutant ( npsn smu5 ) via CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the in vivo function of Npsn. The overall development and number of neutrophils remained unchanged in npsn -deficient mutants, whereas neutrophil antibacterial function was defective. Upon infection with Escherichia coli , the npsn smu5 mutants exhibited a lower survival rate and more severe bacterial burden, as well as augmented inflammatory response to challenge with infection when compared with wild-type embryos, whereas npsn -overexpressing zebrafish exhibited enhanced host defence against E. coli infection. These findings demonstrated that zebrafish Npsn promotes host defence against bacterial infection. Furthermore, our findings suggested that npsn -deficient and -overexpressing zebrafish might serve as effective models of in vivo innate immunity.

scholarly journals Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis Secondary to Escherichia coli Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Siddiqui ◽  
Nikola Deletic ◽  
Frederick Raal ◽  
Farzahna Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Suppurative Thyroiditis ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

Infections of the thyroid gland are rare. Its innate resistance to infections can be attributed to its unique anatomical features and rich blood supply. High clinical suspicion is required as a delay in diagnosis can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Major pathogens include the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species; however, Gram-negative organisms have been found especially in immunocompromised hosts. We present a rare case of acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) secondary to Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection in a woman known to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

scholarly journals Protective Roles of γδ T Cells and Interleukin-15 in Escherichia coli Infection in Mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3270-3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takano ◽  
H. Nishimura ◽  
Y. Kimura ◽  
Y. Mokuno ◽  
J. Washizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Interleukin 15

The number of γδ T cells in the peritoneal cavity was increased after an intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with Escherichia coli in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive C3H/HeN mice but not in LPS-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice. The γδ T cells preferentially expressed invariant Vγ6 and Vδ1 chains and proliferated to produce a large amount of gamma interferon in the presence of LPS. Mice depleted of γδ T cells by T-cell receptor δ gene mutation showed impaired resistance against E. coli as assessed by bacterial growth. Macrophages from C3H/HeN mice infected with E. coli expressed higher levels of interleukin-15 (IL-15) mRNA than those from the infected C3H/HeJ mice. Administration of anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody inhibited, albeit partially, the appearance of γδ T cells in C3H/HeN mice after E. coli infection and diminished the host defense against the infection. These results suggest that LPS-stimulated γδ T cells play an important role in the host defense against E. coli infection and that IL-15 may be partly involved in the protection via an increase in the γδ T cells.

scholarly journals Characterization and Antibiogram of Escherichia coli Associated with Mortality in Broilers and Ducklings in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Islam ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
SML Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis

Mortality in broilers (6.56%) and growing ducks (11.0%) caused by Escherichia coli was recorded in the experimental flocks study during the period from May to August 2003. E. coli organisms isolated from broiler birds affected with characteristic lesions of omphalitis and yolk sac infection, fibrinous pericarditis and peri-hepatitis , hemorrhagic enteritis, and accumulation of excessive pericardial and peritoneal fluid, whereas from ducks with lesions of hemorrhagic enteritis and extensive epicardial hemorrhages. Each of the 21 isolates collected from broilers and 11 isolates from ducks was characterized by cultural and biochemical studies, of which 8 isolates from broilers and 5 isolates from ducks were tested for antibiotic sensitivity with 9 different antibiotics. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that the isolates were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin but an increasing trend of resistance was recorded in broilers (7 / 9) than duck (4 / 9) isolates. It may be concluded from the results of this study that the high rate of E. coli infection in broilers and ducks along with the high resistance of isolates to antibiotics constitute a threat to the poultry industry in Bangladesh. Key words: Escherichia coli infection; mortality; broilers; ducks; characterization; antibiogram doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1927 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 09-14

Absence of Bacterial Adherence in the Establishment of Experimental Mastitis in Mice

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Bacterial Adherence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Suckling Mice

The possibility of adherence of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli or Streptococcus agalactiae to the epithelium of the mammary gland was investigated by inoculating them into this gland of mice. S. aureus, S. epidermidis and E. coli did not adhere to alveolar epithelium in suckling or non-suckling mice. S. agalactiae adhered to alveolar epithelium in non-suckling mice but adhesion was not sufficiently strong to withstand suckling. Bacterial adherence probably does not play a significant role in the establishment of mastitis by these organisms.

scholarly journals Properties of human testis-specific lactate dehydrogenase expressed from Escherichia coli

1991 ◽  
Vol 273 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M LeVan ◽  
E Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Prokaryotic Expression ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Prokaryotic Expression Vector ◽  
Tac Promoter

The cDNA encoding the C4 isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-C4) was engineered for expression in Escherichia coli. The Ldh-c open reading frame was constructed as a cassette for production of the native protein. The modified Ldh-c cDNA was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pKK223-3. Transformed E. coli cells were grown to mid-exponential phase, and induced with isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside for positive regulation of the tac promoter. Induced cells expressed the 35 kDa subunit, which spontaneously formed the enzymically active 140 kDa tetramer. Human LDH-C4 was purified over 200-fold from litre cultures of cells by AMP and oxamate affinity chromatography to a specific activity of 106 units/mg. The enzyme was inhibited by pyruvate concentrations above 0.3 mM, had a Km for pyruvate of 0.03 mM, a turnover number (nmol of NADH oxidized/mol of LDH-C4 per min at 25 degrees C) of 14,000 and was heat-stable.

scholarly journals The ferric aerobactin receptor IutA, a protein isolated on agarose column, is not essential for uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taise Natali Landgraf ◽  
Alan Berlese ◽  
Fabricio Freitas Fernandes ◽  
Mariani Lima Milanezi ◽  
Roberto Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Sepharose Column ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Colonization Process

Although many proteins have been described involved in Escherichia coli colonization and infection, only few reports have shown lectins as important components in these processes. Because the mechanisms underlying E. coli colonization process involving lectins are not fully understood, we sought to identify the presence of other non-described lectins in E. coli. Here, we isolated a 75-kDa protein from E. coli on Sepharose column and identified it as ferric aerobactin receptor (IutA). Since IutA is controversially associated with virulence of some E. coli strains, mainly in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), we evaluated the presence of iutA gene in UPEC isolated from patients with urinary infection. This gene was present in only 38% of the isolates, suggesting a weak association with virulence. Because there is a redundancy in the siderophore-mediated uptake systems, we suggest that IutA can be advantageous but not essential for UPEC.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in Minnesota, 2016–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Buuck ◽  
K. Smith ◽  
R. C. Fowler ◽  
E. Cebelinski ◽  
V. Lappi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Case Comparison ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Traveller’S Diarrhoea

Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a well-established cause of traveller's diarrhoea and occasional domestic foodborne illness outbreaks in the USA. Although ETEC are not detected by conventional stool culture methods used in clinical laboratories, syndromic culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) capable of detecting ETEC have become increasingly prevalent in the last decade. This study describes the epidemiology of ETEC infections reported to the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) during 2016–2017. ETEC-positive stool specimens were submitted to MDH to confirm the presence of ETEC DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cases were interviewed to ascertain illness and exposures. Contemporaneous Salmonella cases were used as a comparison group in a case-case comparison analysis of risk factors. Of 222 ETEC-positive specimens received by MDH, 108 (49%) were concordant by PCR. ETEC was the sixth most frequently reported bacterial enteric pathogen among a subset of CIDT-positive specimens. Sixty-nine (64%) laboratory-confirmed cases had an additional pathogen codetected with ETEC, including enteroaggregative E. coli (n = 40) and enteropathogenic E. coli (n = 39). Although travel is a risk factor for ETEC infection, only 43% of cases travelled internationally, providing evidence for ETEC as an underestimated source of domestically acquired enteric illness in the USA.

pH-mediated control of anti-aggregation activities of cyanobacterial and E. coli chaperonin GroELs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Akter ◽  
Hitoshi Nakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Chaperone Activity ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Aggregation Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aggregation Activity

Abstract In contrast to Escherichia coli, cyanobacteria have multiple GroELs, the bacterial homologues of chaperonin/Hsp60. We have shown that cyanobacterial GroELs are mutually distinct and different from E. coli GroEL with which the paradigm for chaperonin structure/function has been established. However, little is known about regulation of cyanobacterial GroELs. This study investigated effect of pH (varied from 7.0 to 8.5) on chaperone activity of GroEL1 and GroEL2 from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 and E. coli GroEL. GroEL1 and GroEL2 showed pH dependency in suppression of aggregation of heat-denatured malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. They exhibited higher anti-aggregation activity at more alkaline pHs. Escherichia coli GroEL showed a similar pH-dependence in suppressing aggregation of heat-denatured lactate dehydrogenase. No pH dependence was observed in all the GroELs when urea-denatured lactate dehydrogenase was used for anti-aggregation assay, suggesting that the pH-dependence is related to some denatured structures. There was no significant influence of pH on the chaperone activity of all the GroELs to promote refolding of heat-denatured malate dehydrogenase. It is known that pH in cyanobacterial cytoplasm increases by one pH unit following a shift from darkness to light, suggesting that the pH-change modulates chaperone activity of cyanobacterial GroEL1 and GroEL2.

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