scholarly journals Molecular phylogeny of wood decay fungi of hardwood and their ability to produce laccase that correlates with triphenylmethane dye decolorization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maduri Piumi Sashikala Mahawaththage Dona ◽  
Anushi Suwanethya Deraniyagala ◽  
Priyanga Wijesinghe ◽  
Renuka Nilmini Attanayake
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dye ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Dry Zone

AbstractThough Sri Lanka belongs to one of the 34 biodiversity hotspots of the world, its microfolora specially fungi are not well studied and underrepresented in the global literature. Here we report the fungal species diversity of decaying hardwood of a Sri Lankan dry zone forest for the first time. Decaying hardwoods were collected from historically important Dimbulagala forest reserve, Sri Lanka and fungi associated with these woods were isolated. Out of 35 fungal species identified using morphological and molecular methods, 11 species were first records in Sri Lanka. All the tested isolates were able to utilize wood as the sole carbon source and produced varying degrees of laccase. Isolates of Perenniporia tephropora, Coriolopsis caperata, Gymnopilus dilepis, Fusarium solani and Vanderbylia fraxinea were among the top six laccase producers. Except Fusarium solani, the rest of the isolates showed more than 70% decolorization of the of triphenylmethane dye and there was a significant positive correlation between laccase production and dye decolorization. To the best of our knowledge laccase production and dye decolorization ability of Vanderbylia fraxinea and Gymnopilus dilepis have never been reported in the fungal kingdom before. Perenniporia tephropora was isolated from one of the strongest decay resistant hardwood species, Ebony (Diospyros ebenum) also known as dark wood and V. fraxinea was isolated from another medicinally important hardwood Neem (Azadirachta indica). Findings of this study confirms that decaying hardwood of Sri Lanka provide unexplode a unique niche for discovering fungal species with biotechnological applications such as high laccase producers and dye decolorizers.

scholarly journals Altitudinal upwards shifts in fungal fruiting in the Alps

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1919) ◽  
pp. 20192348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Diez ◽  
Håvard Kauserud ◽  
Carrie Andrew ◽  
Einar Heegaard ◽  
Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Physiological Limit ◽  
The Alps

Many plant and animal species are changing their latitudinal and/or altitudinal distributions in response to climate change, but whether fungi show similar changes is largely unknown. Here, we use historical fungal fruit body records from the European Alps to assess altitudinal changes in fungal fruiting between 1960 and 2010. We observe that many fungal species are fruiting at significantly higher elevations in 2010 compared to 1960, and especially so among soil-dwelling fungi. Wood-decay fungi, being dependent on the presence of one or a few host trees, show a slower response. Species growing at higher elevations changed their altitudinal fruiting patterns significantly more than lowland species. Environmental changes in high altitudes may lead to proportionally stronger responses, since high-altitude species live closer to their physiological limit. These aboveground changes in fruiting patterns probably mirror corresponding shifts in belowground fungal communities, suggesting parallel shifts in important ecosystem functions.

Decomposition of Nothofagus wood in vitro and nutrient mobilization by fungi

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2193-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Clinton ◽  
P. K. Buchanan ◽  
J. P. Wilkie ◽  
S. J. Smaill ◽  
M. O. Kimberley
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Contents

The role of fungi in determining rates of wood decomposition and nutrient release in forest ecosystems is poorly understood. The decomposition of wood from three species of Nothofagus by 12 species of widely occurring New Zealand wood-decay fungi was investigated in vitro under standardized conditions. Wood mass loss varied strongly among fungal species and to a lesser extent with the species of wood. The species of fungi in this study were divided into three groups based on the extent of mass loss after 15 weeks: (1) rapid (>65% reduction in mass, Fomes hemitephrus , Pleurotus purpureoolivaceus , Trametes versicolor , and Ganoderma cf. applanatum), (2) intermediate (15%–30%, Phellinus sp., Schizopora radula , Phellinus nothofagi , and Skeletocutis stramenticus ), and (3) slow (<10%, Armillaria novaezelandiae , Postia pelliculosa , Australoporus tasmanicus , and Laetiporus portentosus ). For several fungal species, the final contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium in the remaining wood exceeded the initial nutrient contents in the wood, indicating that nutrient sequestration from the supporting soil matrix occurred during decomposition. Nutrient dynamics during decomposition varied with wood species, but the variation among different fungal species was much greater, indicating that fungal diversity is an important factor in determining nutrient flux in decaying wood.

scholarly journals Rapid Dye Decolorization Method for Screening Potential Wood Preservatives

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 5457-5459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Borokhov ◽  
Stephen Rothenburger
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Wood Preservatives ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Oxidative Agents

ABSTRACT We developed a new screening method for potential wood preservatives based on decolorization of the dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R by extracellular oxidative agents produced by wood decay fungi. Oxidative biodegradation of lignin yielded decolorized zones around and under fungal cultures on a dyed agar medium. Inhibitory effects were detected by direct observation and measurement of the decolorized zones.

scholarly journals Substrate specialization and distribution of fungi of the genus Trametes in the southeast of Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Vlasenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Substrate Spectrum

The authors have studied the features of the substrate specificity of fungi of the genus Trametes s.l. in the southeast of Western Siberia, where this taxon has 10 species. Most species of fungi have a wide substrate spectrum, represented by the wood of various types of woody plants. Fungal species with a wide distribution and a high frequency of occurrence develop a wide range of substrates. Fungal species that are rare and common only in some localities are not numerous; they are characterized by a narrow substrate spectrum. Most species of fungi develop on hardwood, but only a few species can grow on coniferous wood in mountainous areas. Fungal substrates are represented by wood of sixteen species of angiosperms and one species of gymnosperms of woody plants. These ten species of fungi of the Trametes genus have been identified in natural plant communities in the southeast of Western Siberia, while only eight species have been found in anthropogenic habitats. The largest number of fungal species develops on large-sized tree species found in plant communities that are common in the studied region. The number of species of wood-decay fungi on shrubs is insignificant. A small range of species of wood-decay fungi is typical of introduced species (Linden, Oak, Manchurian Walnut, Apple, Ash, Mulberry) growing in urban plantings and in Botanical gardens. Species of fungi with a wide ecological amplitude can develop on the wood of introduced plants.

scholarly journals A Field Key to Identify Common Wood Decay Fungal Species on Standing Trees

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 410-420
Author(s):  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Giovanni Nicolotti
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Standing Trees

A field key to species is presented for the most important and widespread European wood-rotting basidiomycetes on standing trees. Sixty-four fungal taxa belonging to 36 genera and 17 families of Agaricales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, and Russulales are included in the key, which was mostly based on macroscopic features of the basidiomata. The key was validated in the field and allowed for easy recognition of wood decay fungi.

Fungi decaying the wood of fallen beech (Nothofagus) trees in the South Island of New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Hood ◽  
Rebecca L. McDougal ◽  
Chanatda Somchit ◽  
Mark O. Kimberley ◽  
Aymee S.R. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
The South ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

To extend present knowledge of communities of wood decay fungi in native forests, basidiomycetes and ascomycetes were isolated from within 15 fallen stems in beech (Nothofagus, Nothofagaceae) forests in the South Island of New Zealand. Fungal species were identified as precisely as possible using traditional culturing and molecular approaches. The internal distribution of species within stems was determined. Common fungi that occupied significant portions of stems were Ganoderma applanatum sensu Wakefield, Australoporus tasmanicus, Inonotus nothofagi, Pleurotus purpureo-olivaceus, and an unidentified hymenochaetaceous species. Richness and diversity of basidiomycete species were greater in stems of red beech (Nothofagus fusca (Hook. f.) Oerst.) and silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii (Hook. f.) Oerst.) than in those of matai (Prumnopitys taxifolia (Banks & Sol. ex D. Don) de Laub.; Podocarpaceae) and tawa (Beilschmiedia tawa (A. Cunn.) Kirk; Lauraceae), as determined from earlier studies in podocarp hardwood and beech indigenous forests. There was greater similarity in the species composition of basidiomycete fungi colonising the three beech species compared with those colonising rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum Sol. ex Lamb.; Podocarpaceae), tawa, and matai. Based on observations in this study and on international research on the effects of selective logging on basidiomycete biodiversity, the decision to restrict to 50% the extraction of wood following storm damage in beech forests on the West Coast of the South Island appears to have been appropriate.

scholarly journals Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Wood-Decay Fungi in Major Parks of Hong Kong

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Shunping Ding ◽  
Hongli Hu ◽  
Ji-Dong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Wood-decay fungi are one of the major threats to the old and valuable trees in Hong Kong and constitute a main conservation and management challenge because they inhabit dead wood as well as living trees. The diversity, abundance, and distribution of wood-decay fungi associated with standing trees and stumps in four different parks of Hong Kong, including Hong Kong Park, Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Garden, Kowloon Park, and Hong Kong Observatory Grounds, were investigated. Around 4430 trees were examined, and 52 fungal samples were obtained from 44 trees. Twenty-eight species were identified from the samples and grouped into twelve families and eight orders. Phellinus noxius, Ganoderma gibbosum, and Auricularia polytricha were the most abundant species and occurred in three of the four parks. Most of the species were detected on old trees, indicating that older trees were more susceptible to wood-decay fungi than younger ones. More wood-decay fungal species were observed on Ficus microcarpa trees than on other tree species. These findings expanded the knowledge of wood-decay fungi in urban environments in Hong Kong and provided useful information for the conservation of old trees and the protection of human life and property from the danger of falling trees.

scholarly journals Impact of Field and Laboratory Environmental Conditions on the Diversity of Wood-Decay Fungi in the Forests of Northwest Arkansas

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1801-1808
Author(s):  
Nawaf I. Alshammari ◽  
Vajid N. Veettil ◽  
Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman ◽  
S.L. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Northwest Arkansas ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity directly affect the growth and fruit bodies of fungi. We studied the diversity of wood decaying fungal species, which have grown on same substrate in forest as well as laboratory environment. Ten specimens of fruit body of wood-decaying fungi and 24 random pieces of coarse wooden debris were collected from the forest of northwest Arkansas. The samples of coarse woody debris were incubated in laboratory-growth chambers for two months to promote the fungal growth. Fourty-two different species of wood-decay fungal isolates were recovered and identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. The isolates from the forest belonged to twenty-two different taxa whereas twenty taxonomic groups were reported from the growth compartments. Remarkably, data observed from two sets did not shared any taxon. These results indicated that environmental growth conditions play crucial role on fungal diversity even if grown on same substrates.

scholarly journals New Records of Lignicolous Fungi from Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
N. Praveen Kumar ◽  
Jeji Bhavani ◽  
Arun Arya
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Lignicolous Fungi ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Loyola College ◽  
First Time

Lignicolous fungi include many wood decay fungi. Studies on molds and decay fungi are necessary to enable us to control their growth on wood and wood products. A survey was undertaken during 2012-2013 to detect the various ligniclous fungi in Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada and Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh. In a recent study, lignicolous fungi were collected from living trees and fallen branches from Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada, India. On the basis of occurrence Coriolopsis aspera (Junghuhn) Teng. Fulvifomes nilgheriensis (Montagne) Bondartseva & S. Herrera, Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat., G. lucidum (Curtis) P. Karsten, Hexagonia apiaria (Pers.) Fr. Phellinus linteus (Berk. & Curt.) Teng. Trametes cingulata Berk. Hook., T. cotonea (Pat. & Har.) Ryv. T. gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. Schizophyllum commune Fr. were reported from Krishna district for the first time. F. nilgheriensis (Montagne) Bondartseva & S. Herrera is recorded for the first time from India. Even though being preliminary, our results point to the necessity of conservation and protection of recent fungal diversity but, in our opinion, not by making so-called “Red list of endangered species", which, due to the lack of information and very poor evidence on this group of organisms in the region under the consideration, are extremely unreliable and therefore disputable, but rather through the very short list of few not endangered species, conditionally called “White list of not endangered fungal species", if such species recently exist at all

Growth inhibition of wood-decay fungi by lignin-related aromatic compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Cabral Almada ◽  
Mathilde Montibus ◽  
Frédérique Ham-Pichavant ◽  
Sandra Tapin-Lingua ◽  
Gilles Labat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi
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