scholarly journals Brain-predicted age difference score is related to specific cognitive functions: A multi-site replication analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Boyle ◽  
L. Jollans ◽  
L.M. Rueda-Delgado ◽  
R. Rizzo ◽  
G.G. Yener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Difference Scores ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBrain-predicted age difference scores are calculated by subtracting chronological age from ‘brain’ age, which is estimated using neuroimaging data. Positive scores reflect accelerated ageing and are associated with increased mortality risk and poorer physical function. To date, however, the relationship between brain-predicted age difference scores and specific cognitive functions has not been systematically examined using appropriate statistical methods. First, applying machine learning to 1,359 T1-weighted MRI scans, we predicted the relationship between chronological age and voxel-wise grey matter data. This model was then applied to MRI data from three independent datasets, significantly predicting chronological age in each dataset: Dokuz Eylül University (n=175), the Cognitive Reserve/Reference Ability Neural Network study (n=380), and The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (n=487). Each independent dataset had rich neuropsychological data. Brain-predicted age difference scores were significantly negatively correlated with performance on measures of general cognitive status (two datasets); processing speed, visual attention, and cognitive flexibility (three datasets); visual attention and cognitive flexibility (two datasets); and semantic verbal fluency (two datasets). As such, there is firm evidence of correlations between increased brain-predicted age differences and reduced cognitive function in some domains that are implicated in cognitive ageing.

A neuropsychological perspective on three schizophrenic patients with midline structural defects

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. J. Edelstyn ◽  
F. Oyebode ◽  
M. J. Riddoch ◽  
R. Soppitt ◽  
H. Moselhy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Anomalies

BackgroundThe relationship between midline structural defects and schizophrenia remains unclear, although a number of neuroradiological studies have reported an association between schizophrenia and a range of anomalies.MethodThree patients are reported, each diagnosed with schizophrenia and neuroradiological evidence of midline structural anomalies. MRI scans are reported in conjunction with performance over a range of neuropsychological tests designed to assess frontal and lateralised cognitive functions.ResultsEvidence of anterior dysfunction was present in all three cases, while on an individual basis patients displayed varying patterns of preserved and dysfunctional cognitive processing.ConclusionThe reported findings raise a number of interesting issues regarding the nature of hemispheric involvement in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Vitamin K Concentration and Cognitive Status in Elderly Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ludovico Alisi ◽  
Clodomiro Cafolla ◽  
Alessandra Gentili ◽  
Sara Tartaglione ◽  
Roberta Curini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives. Recent studies have suggested that vitamin K may exert significant effects on the central nervous system. The present study investigates the relationship between vitamin K plasmatic levels and cognitive functions in elderly patients on oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT). Design. At the Thrombosis Centre of Haematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 85 patients on OAT, aged between 75 and 92, were randomly enrolled in the study. Patients were on OAT with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Vitamin K1 concentrations were determined using standardized High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Cognitive functions were assessed using the Milan Overall Dementia Assessment (MODA). Results. MODA scores are positively correlated to vitamin K1 concentration. Patients with vitamin K1 below 0.100 μg/L and between 0.100 and 0.400 μg/L showed a mean MODA score of 79 ± 5 and 82 ± 3, respectively. Patients with vitamin K1 above 0.400 μg/L had a significantly greater MODA score (89 ± 1). After binning the data into bicentiles, MODA scores are shown to be linearly dependent on vitamin K1 concentrations (p<0.001). Even long-term OAT (>10 years) does not affect MODA scores. Education seems to exert a greater role on the cognitive status in comparison with aging. Conclusions. The study shows a positive association between vitamin K1 concentration and cognitive status in elderly patients (≥75 years) on OAT. The relationship between vitamin K1 concentration and MODA scores is described by a linear model. Cognitive status is not influenced by the duration of OAT but by the years of education.

scholarly journals 1195Brain-predicted age difference is associated with cognitive processing and delayed recall in later life

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Wrigglesworth ◽  
Nurathifah Yaacob ◽  
Phillip Ward ◽  
Robyn Woods ◽  
John McNeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Brain Ageing ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Brain Age

Abstract Background Brain age is a novel neuroimaging-based marker of ageing that uses machine learning to predict a person’s biological brain age. A higher brain age relative to chronological age (i.e., brain-predicted age difference [brain-PAD]) is considered a sign of accelerated ageing. We examined whether brain-PAD is associated with cognition and the change in cognitive function over time. Methods This study involved 531 cognitively healthy community-dwelling older adults (70+ years). Using a previously trained algorithm, brain age was estimated using T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images acquired at baseline. Psychomotor speed, delayed recall, verbal fluency and global cognition were assessed at baseline, years 1 and 3. Results At baseline, a significant negative association was observed between brain-PAD and psychomotor speed (r=-0.14, p = 0.001), delayed recall (r=-0.09, p = 0.04), and the three-year change in delayed recall (r=-0.15, p = 0.02), which persisted after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions These findings indicate that accelerated brain ageing in cognitively unimpaired older people is associated with worse psychomotor speed, and delayed recall. This study also provides new evidence that accelerated brain ageing is a risk factor for progressive memory decline. Future research would benefit from further prospective analyses of associations between brain-PAD and cognitive function in community dwelling older adults. Key messages Brain age is a neuroimaging-based marker of biological ageing. A higher estimate of brain age relative to chronological age (i.e., accelerated ageing) is associated with worse psychomotor speed and memory, and memory decline.

Evaluación Cognitiva Montreal y consumo de alcohol: Un diagnóstico descriptivo del deterioro cognitivo en estudiantes universitarios de Durango, México

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Karla Liliana Pérez-Sosa ◽  
Edgar Felipe Lares-Bayona
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Study ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Relationship

Alcohol is a toxic substance associated with acute and chronic disorders affecting the Central Nervous System and significantly altering brain function. Objective: To determine the relationship between cognitive impairment and alcohol consumption in university students of the Juárez University of the State of Durango. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative, non-probabilistic study, for convenience. A database was designed on the results obtained in a clinical interview on alcohol consumption and the application of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Contribution: The evaluation of cognitive functions show similar results, the male sex presented a better score in Attention and the female one in Orientation. More involvement was identified in the Deferred Memory functions in both groups. In relation to alcohol consumption, the cognitive functions evaluated show lower levels. The female gender was more evident cognitive impairment in relation to alcohol consumption being statistically significant (p <0.025). Alcohol consumption is a risky behavior that deserves to be recognized by the main actors about neurocognitive effects. Alcohol consumption prevention programs and cognitive diagnostic tools are appropriate strategies to reduce risk behaviors in mental health.

The effect of ambidextrous leadership on employee voice: A moderated mediation model

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gui-Liang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Employee Voice ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Knowledge Intensive Business Service ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ambidextrous Leadership

I drew on social identity theory to explore the influence of ambidextrous leadership on employee voice. Participants were 208 employees at 5 knowledge-intensive business service enterprises in China. Hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping analysis results show that ambidextrous leadership was positively correlated with employee voice, and leader identification played a partial mediating role in this relationship. Further, this mediating role was positively moderated by cognitive flexibility, which also positively moderated the relationship between leader identification and employee voice. These findings support a positive link between ambidextrous leadership and employee voice, with leader identification mediating, and cognitive flexibility moderating this relationship. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of vertical dimension of occlusion by using the phonetic vowel "O" and "E"

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Igic ◽  
Nebojsa Krunic ◽  
Ljiljana Aleksov ◽  
Milena Kostic ◽  
Aleksandra Igic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Aim. The vertical dimension of occlusion is a very important parameter for proper reconstruction of the relationship between the jaws. The literature describes many methods for its finding, from the simple, easily applicable clinically, to quite complicated, with the use of one or more devices for determination. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of determining the vertical dimension of occlusion using the vocals ?O? and ?E? with the control of values o btained by applying cognitive functions. Methods. This investigation was performed with the two groups of patients. The first group consisted of 50 females and 50 males, aged 18 to 30 years. In this group the distance between the reference points (on top of the nose and chin) was measured in the position of the mandible in the vertical dimension of occlusion, the vertical dimension at rest and the pronunciation of the words ?OLO? and ?ELE?. Checking the correctness of the particular value for the word ?OLO? was also performed by the phonetic method with the application of cognitive exercises when the patients counted from 89 to 80. The obtained difference in the average values i n determining the vertical dimension of occlusion and the ?OLO? and ?ELE? in the first group was used as the reference for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion in the second group of patients. The second group comprised of 31 edentulous persons (14 females and 17 males), aged from 54 to 85 years who had been made a complete denture. Results. The average value obtained for the vertical dimension of rest for the entire sample was 2.16 mm, for the word ?OLO? for the entire sample was 5.51 mm and for the word ?ELE? for the entire sample was 7.47 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders for the value of the vertical dimension at rest, ?ELE? and ?OLO?. There was a statistically significant difference between the values f or the vertical dimension at rest, ?OLO? and ?ELE? for both genders. There was a statistically significant correlation between the value for the vertical dimension at rest, ?OLO? and ?ELE?, for both groups of subjects. Conclusion. Determining the vertical dimension of occlusion requires 5.5 mm subtraction from the position of the mandible in pronunciation of the word ?OLO? or 7.5 mm in pronunciation of the word ?ELE?.

scholarly journals Caffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽  
Xueyin Fei ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Helios Pareja-Galeano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive functions are essential in any form of exercise. Recently, interest has mounted in addressing the relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance during sports practice. This review examines this relationship through a structured search of the databases Medline/PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published in English from August 1999 to March 2020. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were defined according to the PICOS model. The identified records reported on randomized cross-over studies in which caffeine intake (as drinks, capsules, energy bars, or gum) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters on participants’ training level, gender, or age. For the systematic review, 13 studies examining the impacts of caffeine on objective measures of cognitive performance or self-reported cognitive performance were selected. Five of these studies were also subjected to meta-analysis. After pooling data in the meta-analysis, the significant impacts of caffeine only emerged on attention, accuracy, and speed. The results of the 13 studies, nevertheless, suggest that the intake of a low/moderate dose of caffeine before and/or during exercise can improve self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions, such as attention; it may also improve simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, or fatigue, however, this may depend on the research protocols.

scholarly journals Bidirectional Relationship Between Subjective Age and Frailty: Findings From the NHATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 271-271
Author(s):  
Yuxiao Li ◽  
Minhui Liu ◽  
Christina Miyawaki ◽  
Xiaocao Sun ◽  
Tianxue Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Frailty is a clinical syndrome that becomes increasingly common as people age. Subjective age refers to how young or old individuals experience themselves to be. It is associated with many risk factors of frailty, such as increased depression, worse cognitive function, and poorer psychological wellbeing. In this study, we examined the relationship between subjective age and frailty using the 2011-2015 waves of the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Participants were community-dwelling older adults without frailty in the initial wave (N=1,165). Subjective age was measured by asking participants, “What age do you feel most of the time?” Based on the Fried five phenotypic criteria: exhaustion, unintentional weight loss, low physical activity, slow gait, and weak grip strength, frailty was categorized into robust=0, pre-frail=1 or 2; frail=3 or more criteria met. Participants were, on average, 74.1±6.5 years old, female (52%), and non-Hispanic White (81%). Eighty-five percent of the participants felt younger, and 3% felt older than their chronological age, but 41% of them were pre-frail/frail. Generalized estimating equations revealed that an “older” subjective age predicted a higher likelihood of pre-frailty and frailty (OR, 95%CI= 1.01, 1.01-1.02). In contrast, frailty predicted an “older” subjective age (OR, 95%CI= 2.97, 1.65-5.35) adjusting for demographics and health conditions. These findings suggest a bidirectional relationship between subjective age and frailty. Older people who feel younger than their chronological age are at reduced risk of becoming pre-frail/frail. Intervention programs to delay frailty progression should include strategies that may help older adults perceive a younger subjective age.

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