scholarly journals Spectral Hallmark of Auditory-Tactile Interactions in the Mouse Somatosensory Cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manning Zhang ◽  
Sung Eun Kwon ◽  
Manu Ben-Johny ◽  
Daniel H. O’Connor ◽  
John B. Issa
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Tactile Information ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Somatosensory Cortices ◽  
Whisker Stimulation ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Auditory Integration ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulus Modalities

ABSTRACTTo synthesize a coherent representation of the external world, the brain must integrate inputs across stimulus modalities. Yet the mechanistic basis of this computation at the level of neuronal populations remains obscure. Here, we investigate tactile-auditory integration using two-photon Ca2+ imaging in the mouse primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices. Pairing sound with whisker stimulation modulates tactile responses in both S1 and S2, with the most prominent modulation being robust inhibition in S2. The degree of inhibition depends on tactile stimulation frequency, with lower frequency responses the most severely attenuated. Alongside these neurons, we identify sound-selective neurons in S2 whose responses are inhibited by high tactile frequencies. These results are consistent with a hypothesized local mutually-inhibitory S2 circuit that spectrally selects tactile versus auditory inputs. Our findings enrich mechanistic understanding of multisensory integration and suggest a key role for S2 in combining auditory and tactile information.

Olfactory modulation of barrel cortex activity during active whisking and passive whisker stimulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Renard ◽  
Evan Harrell ◽  
Brice Bathallier
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Tactile Information ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Whisker Stimulation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Rodents depend on olfaction and touch to meet many of their fundamental needs. The joint significance of these sensory systems is underscored by an intricate coupling between sniffing and whisking. However, the impact of simultaneous olfactory and tactile inputs on sensory representations in the cortex remains elusive. To study these interactions, we recorded large populations of barrel cortex neurons using 2-photon calcium imaging in head-fixed mice during olfactory and tactile stimulation. We find that odors alter barrel cortex activity in at least two ways, first by enhancing whisking, and second by central cross-talk that persists after whisking is abolished by facial nerve sectioning. Odors can either enhance or suppress barrel cortex neuronal responses, and while odor identity can be decoded from population activity, it does not interfere with the tactile representation. Thus, barrel cortex represents olfactory information which, in the absence of learned associations, is coded independently of tactile information.

Abstract 66: No Evidence of Functional Peri-Infarct Circuit Remapping in Mouse Somatosensory Cortex After Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Zeiger ◽  
Mate Marosi ◽  
Satvir Saggi ◽  
Natalie Noble ◽  
Isa Samad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Individual Layer ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Whisker Stimulation ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
The Brain

Following ischemic stroke, many patients exhibit partial spontaneous recovery, suggesting that the brain has endogenous mechanisms to recover lost functions. Evidence supports a role for peri-infarct cortex in recovery as this area undergoes structural, physiologic, and transcriptomic changes following stroke. It has been hypothesized that these changes promote circuit rewiring, leading spared neurons in the peri-infarct cortex to “remap” and subsume the function previously performed by neurons in the ischemic core. However, direct evidence for remapping at the single neuron level is lacking. To test this, we targeted photothrombotic (PT) strokes to an individual barrel (C1) in the barrel field of mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1BF). We then performed longitudinal in vivo two-photon (2P) calcium imaging in Thy1 -GCaMP6s transgenic mice and recorded whisker-evoked responses of individual layer 2/3 neurons in the adjacent D3 barrel. Before stroke, ~30% of active neurons in the D3 barrel respond to stimulation of the D3 whisker and ~8% of neurons respond to the C1 whisker. Based on the remapping hypothesis, we predicted that the percentage of C1 whisker-responsive neurons in the spared D3 barrel would increase after stroke; however, we found that only ~2% of neurons in the D3 barrel responded to C1 whisker stimulation one month after stroke. We also tested the effect of forced-use therapy on recovery by plucking all whiskers, except the C1 whisker corresponding to the infarcted barrel, following stroke. Still, we found that forced-use therapy did not lead to an increased percentage of C1 whisker-responsive neurons, but it did enhance the responses to C1 whisker stimulation in surviving C1-responsive neurons in the peri-infarct cortex. These results suggest that at the circuit level recovery may occur through potentiation of spared homotopic neurons rather than remapping of neurons to perform new functions.

Mesencephalic GABA neuronal development: no more on the other side of oblivion

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyan Li ◽  
Sampada Joshee ◽  
Anju Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Gaba Neurons ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMidbrain GABA neurons, endowed with multiple morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics as well as projection patterns are key players interacting with diverse regions of the brain and capable of modulating several aspects of behavior. The diversity of these GABA neuronal populations based on their location and function in the dorsal, medial or ventral midbrain has challenged efforts to rapidly uncover their developmental regulation. Here we review recent developments that are beginning to illuminate transcriptional control of GABA neurons in the embryonic midbrain (mesencephalon) and discuss its implications for understanding and treatment of neurological and psychiatric illnesses.

scholarly journals P02.08 Visualizing tumor cell - lymphocyte interactions in the brain metastatic cascade using in vivo two photon microscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. iii273-iii273
Author(s):  
M Piechutta ◽  
A S Berghoff ◽  
M A Karreman ◽  
K Gunkel ◽  
W Wick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Metastatic Cascade ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Widespread inhibition, antagonism, and synergy in mouse olfactory sensory neurons in vivo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenori Inagaki ◽  
Ryo Iwata ◽  
Masakazu Iwamoto ◽  
Takeshi Imai
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Odor Mixtures ◽  
The Brain

SUMMARYSensory information is selectively or non-selectively inhibited and enhanced in the brain, but it remains unclear whether this occurs commonly at the peripheral stage. Here, we performed two-photon calcium imaging of mouse olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in vivo and found that odors produce not only excitatory but also inhibitory responses at their axon terminals. The inhibitory responses remained in mutant mice, in which all possible sources of presynaptic lateral inhibition were eliminated. Direct imaging of the olfactory epithelium revealed widespread inhibitory responses at OSN somata. The inhibition was in part due to inverse agonism toward the odorant receptor. We also found that responses to odor mixtures are often suppressed or enhanced in OSNs: Antagonism was dominant at higher odor concentrations, whereas synergy was more prominent at lower odor concentrations. Thus, odor responses are extensively tuned by inhibition, antagonism, and synergy, at the early peripheral stage, contributing to robust odor representations.

scholarly journals Flexible Simultaneous Mesoscale Two-Photon Imaging of Neural Activity at High Speeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Clough ◽  
Ichen Anderson Chen ◽  
Seong-Wook Park ◽  
Allison M Ahrens ◽  
Jeffrey N Stirman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Photon Imaging ◽  
Two Photon Imaging ◽  
Global Brain ◽  
The Brain

Understanding brain function requires monitoring local and global brain dynamics. Two-photon imaging of the brain across mesoscopic scales has presented trade-offs between imaging area and acquisition speed. We describe a flexible cellular resolution two-photon microscope capable of simultaneous video rate acquisition of four independently targetable brain regions spanning an approximate five-millimeter field of view. With this system, we demonstrate the ability to measure calcium activity across mouse sensorimotor cortex at behaviorally relevant timescales.

scholarly journals Microglia motility depends on neuronal activity and promotes structural plasticity in the hippocampus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix C. Nebeling ◽  
Stefanie Poll ◽  
Lena C. Schmid ◽  
Manuel Mittag ◽  
Julia Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Contact Rates ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMicroglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, play a complex role in health and disease. They actively survey the brain parenchyma by physically interacting with other cells and structurally shaping the brain. Yet, the mechanisms underlying microglia motility and their significance for synapse stability, especially during adulthood, remain widely unresolved. Here we investigated the impact of neuronal activity on microglia motility and its implication for synapse formation and survival. We used repetitive two-photon in vivo imaging in the hippocampus of awake mice to simultaneously study microglia motility and their interaction with synapses. We found that microglia process motility depended on neuronal activity. Simultaneously, more dendritic spines emerged in awake compared to anesthetized mice. Interestingly, microglia contact rates with individual dendritic spines were associated with their stability. These results suggest that microglia are not only sensing neuronal activity, but participate in synaptic rewiring of the hippocampus during adulthood, which has profound relevance for learning and memory processes.

Tactile Stimulation in Adult Rats Modulates Dopaminergic Molecular Parameters in the Nucleus Accumbens Preventing Amphetamine Relapse.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domênika Rubert Rossato ◽  
Higor Zuchetto Rosa ◽  
Jéssica Leandra Oliveira Rosa ◽  
Laura Hautrive Milanesi ◽  
Vinícia Garzella Metz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Delta Fosb ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Assessment ◽  
Drug Abstinence ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Abstinence Period

Abstract Amphetamine (AMPH) is a psychostimulant drug frequently related to addiction, which is characterized by functional and molecular changes in the brain reward system, favoring relapse development and pharmacotherapies have shown low effectiveness. Considering the beneficial influences of tactile stimulation (TS) in different diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS), here we evaluated if TS applied in adult rats could prevent or minimize the AMPH-relapse behavior also accessing molecular neuroadaptations in the Nucleus accumbens (NAc). Following AMPH conditioning in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, male rats were submitted to TS (15-min session, 3 times a day, for 8 days) during the drug abstinence period, which were re-exposed to the drug in the CPP paradigm for additional 3 days for relapse observation and molecular assessment. Our findings showed that besides AMPH relapse; TS prevented the dopamine transporter (DAT), dopamine 1 receptor (D1R), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), mu opioid receptor (MOR) increase and AMPH-induced delta FosB (ΔFosB). Based on these outcomes, we propose TS as a useful tool to treat psychostimulant addiction, which subsequent to clinical studies; it could be included in detoxification programs together with pharmacotherapies and psychological treatments already conventionally established.

scholarly journals Cerebral oxygenation during locomotion is modulated by respiration

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingguang Zhang ◽  
Morgane Roche ◽  
Kyle W. Gheres ◽  
Emmanuelle Chaigneau ◽  
Ravi T. Kedarasetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Lifetime Measurements ◽  
Phosphorescence Lifetime ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Oxygen Dynamics ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIn the brain, increased neural activity is correlated with increases of cerebral blood flow and tissue oxygenation. However, how cerebral oxygen dynamics are controlled in the behaving animal remains unclear. We investigated to what extent cerebral oxygenation varies during locomotion. We measured oxygen levels in the cortex of awake, head-fixed mice during locomotion using polarography, spectroscopy, and two-photon phosphorescence lifetime measurements of oxygen sensors. We find that locomotion significantly and globally increases cerebral oxygenation, specifically in areas involved in locomotion, as well as in the frontal cortex and the olfactory bulb. The oxygenation increase persists when neural activity and functional hyperemia are blocked, occurred both in the tissue and in arteries feeding the brain, and is tightly correlated with respiration rate and the phase of respiration cycle. Thus, breathing rate is a key modulator of cerebral oxygenation and should be monitored during hemodynamic imaging, such as in BOLD fMRI.

scholarly journals Embodied tactile perception and learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-158
Author(s):  
Huaping Liu ◽  
Di Guo ◽  
Fuchun Sun ◽  
Wuqiang Yang ◽  
Steve Furber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tactile Perception ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Tactile Information ◽  
Collaborative Interaction ◽  
Array Sensing ◽  
The Brain

Various living creatures exhibit embodiment intelligence, which is reflected by a collaborative interaction of the brain, body, and environment. The actual behavior of embodiment intelligence is generated by a continuous and dynamic interaction between a subject and the environment through information perception and physical manipulation. The physical interaction between a robot and the environment is the basis for realizing embodied perception and learning. Tactile information plays a critical role in this physical interaction process. It can be used to ensure safety, stability, and compliance, and can provide unique information that is difficult to capture using other perception modalities. However, due to the limitations of existing sensors and perception and learning methods, the development of robotic tactile research lags significantly behind other sensing modalities, such as vision and hearing, thereby seriously restricting the development of robotic embodiment intelligence. This paper presents the current challenges related to robotic tactile embodiment intelligence and reviews the theory and methods of robotic embodied tactile intelligence. Tactile perception and learning methods for embodiment intelligence can be designed based on the development of new large‐scale tactile array sensing devices, with the aim to make breakthroughs in the neuromorphic computing technology of tactile intelligence.

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