scholarly journals Genetic basis of susceptibility to Diplodia sapinea and Armillaria ostoyae in maritime pine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agathe Hurel ◽  
Marina de Miguel ◽  
Cyril Dutech ◽  
Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau ◽  
Christophe Plomion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
List Type ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin

SummaryForest ecosystems are increasingly challenged by extreme events, e.g. pest and pathogen outbreaks, causing severe ecological and economical losses. Understanding the genetic basis of adaptive traits in tree species is of key importance to preserve forest ecosystemsAdaptive phenotypes, including susceptibility to two fungal pathogens (Diplodia sapinea and Armillaria ostoyae) and an insect pest (Thaumetopoea pityocampa), height and needle phenology were assessed in a range-wide common garden of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton), a widespread conifer in the western Mediterranean Basin and parts of the Atlantic coast.Broad-sense heritability was significant for height (0.497), needle phenology (0.231-0.468) and pathogen symptoms (0.413 for D. sapinea and 0.066 for A. ostoyae) measured after inoculation under controlled conditions, but not for pine processionary moth incidence assessed in the common garden. Genetic correlations between traits revealed contrasting trends for pathogen susceptibility to D. sapinea and A. ostoyae. Maritime pine populations from areas with high summer temperatures and frequent droughts were less susceptible to D. sapinea but more susceptible to A. ostoyae. An association study using 4,227 genome-wide SNPs revealed several loci significantly associated to each trait.This study provides important insights to develop genetic conservation and breeding strategies integrating tree responses to pathogens.

Does climate-related in situ variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles have a genetic basis? Evidence from common garden experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Jankowski ◽  
Tomasz P Wyka ◽  
Roma Żytkowiak ◽  
Darius Danusevičius ◽  
Jacek Oleksyn
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiments

Thromboplastin-thrombomodulin-mediated Time and Serum Folate Levels Are Genetically Correlated with the Risk of Thromboembolic Disease: Results from the GAIT Project

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (01) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Almasy ◽  
Montserrat Borrell ◽  
William Stone ◽  
Francisco Blanco-Vaca ◽  
José Soria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Covariate Effects ◽  
Thrombosis Risk ◽  
Variance Component Method ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Joint Consideration ◽  
Genetic Contributions

SummaryThe GAIT (Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophilia) Project is a family-based study dedicated to elucidating the genetic basis of hemostasis-related phenotypes and thrombosis risk. In this paper, we have examined several lesser-studied hemostasis-related phenotypes in the 21 GAIT families: levels of vitamin B12, serum folate, whole blood folate, α 2-antiplasmin, prekallikrein, β2-glycoprotein I, soluble P-selectin, factor XIII A and B subunits and a new coagulation measurement based on thromboplastin time in the presence or absence of thrombomodulin. Using the variance component method, we estimated the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on these phenotypes. In addition, we calculated the genetic correlations between thrombosis risk and each of these phenotypes.All 12 phenotypes showed significant genetic contributions with genes accounting for 22% to 78% of the variance after correction for covariate effects. Four phenotypes (three traits involving thromboplastin-thrombomodulin mediated coagulation time and serum folate) exhibited significant genetic correlations with thrombosis. Thus, some of the genes that influence quantitative variation in these physiological phenotypes also influence the risk of thrombosis.The high heritabilities and significant genetic correlations between thrombosis and some risk factors suggest that joint consideration of correlated quantitative phenotypes will aid in identifying susceptibility genes.

Biosecurity risks of invasive alien insect pest species pathways through shared borders with Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
B.O. Bobadoye ◽  
A.O. Bobadoye
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Border Line ◽  
National Border ◽  
Alien Pest ◽  
Alien Insect

Understanding the biosecurity risks that invasive alien insect pest species currently ravaging forest trees pose is of great importance to forest ecosystems and health. This problem has posed significant challenges to researchers, relevant stakeholders, policy makers and national biosecurity agencies worldwide. This study gives an overview of the top 15 suspected insect pest species most likely to invade or have already invaded forested habitats in order to disrupt ecosystem services and biodiversity within the borders of Nigeria through borderline states (Gombe, Jigawa, Borno, Yobe, Sokoto, Cross River and Lagos). For Nigeria as a whole, all of these top 15 pest species have already established, with identified intra- border line states having no significant effect on severity of invasions ( F1,6=0.07, P=0.910) when compared to identified inter-border line states. This study concludes that the immediate biosecurity risks from already identified invasive insect pests are greater from outside country (inter) borders of Nigeria than within state-to-state (intra) borders of Nigeria. Our findings have potentially significant implications for immediate implementation of national biosecurity forest policy Acts in compliance with Cartagena and Nagoya protocols, emphasizing the need to initiate and implement biosecurity measures simultaneously with any ongoing trans-national border interventions. Keywords: Biosecurity, invasive alien pest species, forests, Nigeria

scholarly journals Rapid and Repeated Local Adaptation to Climate in an Invasive Plant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte A. van Boheemen ◽  
Daniel Z. Atwater ◽  
Kathryn A. Hodgins
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
List Type ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Trait Divergence ◽  
Climate Niche

SUMMARYBiological invasions provide opportunities to study evolutionary processes occurring over contemporary timescales. To explore the speed and repeatability of adaptation, we examined the divergence of life-history traits to climate, using latitude as a proxy, in the native North American and introduced European and Australian ranges of the annual plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia.We explored niche changes following introductions using climate niche dynamic models. In a common garden, we examined trait divergence by growing seeds collected across three ranges with highly distinct demographic histories. Heterozygosity-fitness associations were used to explore the effect of invasion history on potential success. We accounted for non-adaptive population differentiation using 11,598 SNPs.We revealed a centroid shift to warmer, wetter climates in the introduced ranges. We identified repeated latitudinal divergence in life-history traits, with European and Australian populations positioned at either end of the native clines.Our data indicate rapid and repeated adaptation to local climates despite the recent introductions and a bottleneck limiting genetic variation in Australia. Centroid shifts in the introduced ranges suggest adaptation to more productive environments, potentially contributing to trait divergence between the ranges.

scholarly journals Major QTL controls adaptation to serpentine soils in Mimulus guttatus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica P. Selby ◽  
John H. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Mimulus Guttatus ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Spatially Varying Selection ◽  
Physical Challenges ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Major Qtl

ABSTRACTSpatially varying selection is a critical driver of adaptive differentiation. Yet, there are few examples where the fitness effects of naturally segregating variants that contribute to local adaptation have been measured in the field. This project investigates the genetic basis of adaption to serpentine soils in Mimulus guttatus. Reciprocal transplant studies show that serpentine and non-serpentine populations of M. guttatus are genetically differentiated in their ability to survive on serpentine soils. We mapped serpentine tolerance by performing a bulk segregant analysis on F2 survivors from a field transplant study and identify a single QTL where individuals that are homozygous for the non-serpentine allele do not survive on serpentine soils. This same QTL controls serpentine tolerance in a second, geographically distant population. A common garden study where the two serpentine populations were grown on each other′s soil finds that one of the populations has significantly lower survival on this “foreign” serpentine soil compared to its home soil. So, while these two populations share a major QTL they either differ at other loci involved in serpentine adaptation or have different causal alleles at this QTL. This raises the possibility that serpentine populations may not be broadly tolerant to serpentine soils but may instead be locally adapted to their particular patch. Nevertheless, despite the myriad chemical and physical challenges that plants face in serpentine habitats, adaptation to these soils in M. guttatus has a simple genetic basis.

scholarly journals Genotype x Environment Interaction in Maritime Pine Families in Galicia, Northwest Spain

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zas ◽  
E. Merlo ◽  
J. Fernández-López
Keyword(s):  
Variance Component ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Pinus Pinaster Ait ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Stability

SummaryThe magnitude and practical importance of family x site interactions for growth and form traits in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) breeding in the coastal area of Galicia (NW Spain) were analysed using several different techniques. Data were from 58 8-yr-old half-sib families planted across four sites. The analysis of variance and the ratio of interaction to family variance component showed the interactions to be quantitatively important for several traits, especially for volume and straightness. Genetic correlations between the same trait at different sites were moderate and highly variable, especially for certain pairs of sites. The results indicated that interactions are a consequence of few highly interactive families that may be particularly sensitive to environmental variation. The removal of these families from the breeding program appeared as an effective strategy to solve the interactions. Results are discussed in relation to the stability parameter considered to identify the most unstable progenies.

scholarly journals Soil fertility and productivity estimation of Pinus pinaster Aiton reforestations in Central and Northeast Chalcidice in Northern Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Karamanoli Katherine ◽  
Papaioannou Athanasios ◽  
Sofogianni Stella
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Productivity Estimation

Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) is a notable fast-growing conifer, native to the Western Mediterranean Basin, which is considered suitable for reforestations. This tree species was artificially installed in Chalcidice, Northern Greece, about 40 years ago, in order to upgrade mountain ecosystems. The experiment reported in this paper was undertaken to estimate soil conditions and the development progress of maritime pine in the above reforestations. Samples of mineral soil and forest floor were taken from 12 different sites at 2 locations. Despite age, rather weak maritime pine trees are found in both studied locations. Furthermore, significant accumulation of organic matter and nutrients was observed in both forest floor and mineral soil.

scholarly journals Climate stress resistance in male Queensland fruit fly varies among populations of diverse geographic origins and changes during domestication

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel-David Popa-Báez ◽  
Siu Fai Lee ◽  
Heng Lin Yeap ◽  
Shirleen S. Prasad ◽  
Michele Schiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Desiccation Resistance ◽  
Starvation Resistance ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Bioassay Data

Abstract Background The highly polyphagous Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt) expanded its range substantially during the twentieth century and is now the most economically important insect pest of Australian horticulture, prompting intensive efforts to develop a Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) control program. Using a “common garden” approach, we have screened for natural genetic variation in key environmental fitness traits among populations from across the geographic range of this species and monitored changes in those traits induced during domestication. Results Significant variation was detected between the populations for heat, desiccation and starvation resistance and wing length (as a measure of body size). Desiccation resistance was correlated with both starvation resistance and wing length. Bioassay data for three resampled populations indicate that much of the variation in desiccation resistance reflects persistent, inherited differences among the populations. No latitudinal cline was detected for any of the traits and only weak correlations were found with climatic variables for heat resistance and wing length. All three stress resistance phenotypes and wing length changed significantly in certain populations with ongoing domestication but there was also a strong population by domestication interaction effect for each trait. Conclusions Ecotypic variation in heat, starvation and desiccation resistance was detected in Australian Qfly populations, and these stress resistances diminished rapidly during domestication. Our results indicate a need to select source populations for SIT strains which have relatively high climatic stress resistance and to minimise loss of that resistance during domestication.

Concordant estimates of countergradient growth variation in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) using comparative life-history data

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Rypel
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
History Data ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Size At Age

Latitudinal growth compensation (i.e., countergradient growth) is increasingly suspected to be pervasive across diverse taxa. However, a major challenge limiting wider exploration of this topic lies in the difficulty of quantifying these relationships. Common garden experiments, and ideally genetics, remain the only true methods for understanding the genetic basis for compensatory growth. However, previous research suggests that comparative life-history data might produce concomitant, albeit nonconfirmatory, results on countergradient growth variations. However, there have been no evaluations of the precision of such estimates against those that are experimentally derived. I examined countergradient growth variations using comparative size-at-age data for striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ), a species for which experiments have already quantified countergradient growth patterns, and compared results derived from both techniques. The slope of the growth–latitude relationship for striped bass in eastern North America as measured with comparative data was virtually identical to that produced from experiments. Furthermore, comparative estimates of countergradient growth variations developed using a variety of metrics produced highly concordant results with one another. Comparative life-history data are not a replacement for experiments, but do provide valuable information on countergradient growth variations, especially for species and hypotheses not amenable to experimentation.

Insect pest management in forest ecosystems

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Dahlsten ◽  
David L. Rowney
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Insect Pest Management
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