scholarly journals Effects of Post-Activation Potentiation induced by a plyometric protocol on deceleration performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Ciocca ◽  
Harald Tschan ◽  
Antonio Tessitore
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Muscular Performance ◽  
Plyometric Exercise ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise ◽  
Condition C

AbstractPost-Activation Potentiation is a phenomenon by which muscular performance characteristics are acutely enhanced as a result of their previous contractile actions. It has been shown how Post-Activation Potentiation, which is usually evoked through heavy resistance exercise, has the potential to improve many different power performances, such as sprinting and jumping. Due to an easier applicability, some studies explored the potential of plyometric muscular actions to evoke the effects of Post-Activation Potentiation. Despite some findings on acceleration running performance, to the authors’ best knowledge, no studies investigated the effects of Post-Activation Potentiation on deceleration performance, which is a key factor in sports involving change of directions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of a plyometric exercise protocol to a subsequent deceleration running performance. University soccer players (n = 18) performed 7 deceleration trials: at baseline and after ∼ 15 seconds, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 minutes a walking control condition (C) or 3 sets of 10 repetitions of alternate-leg bounding (plyometric, P). Results show that no significant differences were found at any of the trials of the control condition (C) in comparison to the relative baseline. In the plyometric condition (P), the deceleration performance executed 2 minutes after the plyometric activity resulted significantly faster compared to the relative baseline (p = 0.042; ES = 0.86, large effect; % of improvement = 4.13 %). Therefore, the main findings of this study showed that a plyometric exercise has the potential to improve a subsequent running deceleration performance in soccer players, if an adequate recovery between these activities is provided to the players. These findings encourage further future investigations about the possible potentiating effects of plyometric activities on more complex actions like changes of direction and agility.

scholarly journals Effects of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) Induced by a Plyometric Protocol on Deceleration Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Ciocca ◽  
Harald Tschan ◽  
Antonio Tessitore
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Walking Control ◽  
Plyometric Exercise ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Condition C

Abstract Post-Activation Potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon which can improve power performance executed after a previous conditioning activity. PAP is usually evoked through heavy resistance or plyometric exercise. It has been suggested to refer to as Postactivation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) when research is field-based on explosive activities. To our best knowledge, no studies have investigated the effects of PAPE on deceleration performance, which is a key factor in sports involving change of directions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a plyometric exercise protocol on a subsequent deceleration running performance. University soccer players (n = 18) performed seven deceleration trials and were assessed at baseline and after ~15 s, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 min either following a walking control condition (C) or three sets of ten repetitions of alternate-leg bounding (plyometric, P). Results showed no significant differences at any of the trials under the control condition (C) in comparison to the relative baseline. Under the plyometric condition (P), deceleration performance executed two minutes after the plyometric activity resulted in significantly faster results compared to the baseline values (p = 0.042; ES = 0.86, large effect; % of improvement = 4.13 %). The main findings are that plyometric exercise improves a subsequent running deceleration performance, 2 min after its execution. Future investigations should focus on more complex actions such as changes of direction and agility.

scholarly journals Postactivation Potentiation Following Acute Bouts of Plyometric versus Heavy-Resistance Exercise in Collegiate Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourabh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Shahid Raza ◽  
Jamal Ali Moiz ◽  
Shalini Verma ◽  
Irshad Husain Naqvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Plyometric Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise

Postactivation potentiation is referred to as an acute and temporary enhancement of muscle performance resulting from previous muscle contraction. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of plyometric exercise (PLY) and heavy-resistance exercise (RES) on the blood lactate level (BLa) and physical performance. Fourteen male collegiate soccer players were randomized to perform either RES or PLY first and then crossed over to perform the opposite intervention. PLY consisted of 40 jumps, whereas RES comprised ten single repetitions at 90% of one repetition maximum. BLa and physical performance (countermovement jump height and 20-m sprint) were measured before and at 1 and 10 min following the exercise. No significant difference was observed in the BLa for both exercises (PLY and RES). Relative to baseline, countermovement jump (CMJ) height was significantly better for the PLY group after 1 min (P=0.004) and after 10 min (P=0.001) compared to that of the RES group. The 20-m sprint time was significantly better for PLY at 10 min (P=0.003) compared to that of RES. The present study concluded that, compared to RES, PLY causes greater potentiation, which leads to improved physical performance. This trial is registered with NCT03150277.

scholarly journals Acute Heavy Resistance Exercise Protocol Induces Significant Physiological Stress Elevating Extracellular Heat Shock Protein

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Jacob Bowie ◽  
Adam J. Sterczala ◽  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Carl M. Maresh ◽  
Brett A. Comstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise

scholarly journals Effects ofβ-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Free Acid Ingestion and Resistance Exercise on the Acute Endocrine Response

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy R. Townsend ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Adam M. Gonzalez ◽  
Adam R. Jajtner ◽  
Carleigh H. Boone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Endocrine Response ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Volume Resistance ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise ◽  
Plasma Gh

Objective. To examine the endocrine response to a bout of heavy resistance exercise following acuteβ-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) ingestion.Design. Twenty resistance trained men were randomized and consumed either 1 g of HMB-FA (BetaTor) or placebo (PL) 30 min prior to performing an acute heavy resistance exercise protocol. Blood was obtained before (PRE), immediately after (IP), and 30 min after exercise (30P). Circulating concentrations of testosterone, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and insulin were assayed. Data were analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA and area under the curve (AUC) was analyzed by the trapezoidal rule.Results. The resistance exercise protocol resulted in significant elevations from PRE in testosteroneP<0.01, GHP<0.01, and insulinP=0.05at IP, with GHP<0.01and insulinP<0.01remaining elevated at 30P. A significant interaction was noted between groups in the plasma GH response at IP, which was significantly higher following HMB-FA compared to PLP<0.01. AUC analysis revealed an elevated GH and IGF-1 response in the HMB-FA group compared to PL.Conclusion. HMB-FA prior to resistance exercise augments the GH response to high volume resistance exercise compared to PL. These findings provide further support for the potential anabolic benefits associated with HMB supplementation.

Responses of IGF-I to endogenous increases in growth hormone after heavy-resistance exercise

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1310-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Kraemer ◽  
B. A. Aguilera ◽  
M. Terada ◽  
R. U. Newton ◽  
J. M. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a heavy-resistance exercise protocol known to dramatically elevate immunoreactive growth hormone (GH) on circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) after the exercise stimulus. Seven men (23.1 +/- 2.4 yr) volunteered to participate in this study. Each subject was asked to perform an eight-station heavy-resistance exercise protocol consisting of 3 sets of 10 repetition maximum resistances with 1-min rest between sets and exercises followed by a recovery day. In addition, a control day followed a nonexercise day to provide baseline data. Pre- and postexercise (0, 15, and 30 min) blood samples were obtained and analyzed for lactate, creatinine kinase, GH, and IGF-I. Postexercise values for lactate and GH were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated above preexercise and resting baseline values. The highest mean GH concentration after the heavy-resistance exercise protocol was 23.8 +/- 11.8 micrograms/l, observed at the immediate postexercise time point. Significant increases in creatine kinase were observed after the exercise protocol and during the recovery day. No significant relationships were observed between creatine kinase and IGF-I concentrations. No significant changes in serum IGF-I concentrations were observed with acute exercise or between the recovery and control days. Thus, these data demonstrate that a high-intensity bout of heavy-resistance exercise that increases circulating GH did not appear to affect IGF-I concentrations over a 24-h recovery period in recreationally strength-trained and healthy young men.

Overnight responses of the circulating IGF-I system after acute, heavy-resistance exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley C. Nindl ◽  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
James O. Marx ◽  
Paul J. Arciero ◽  
Kei Dohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Igfbp 3

This study evaluated the individual components of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) system [i.e., total and free IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and -3, and the acid-labile subunit (ALS)] in 10 young, healthy men (age: 22 ± 1 yr, height: 177 ± 2 cm, weight: 79 ± 3 kg, body fat: 11 ± 1%) overnight for 13 h after two conditions: a resting control (Con) and an acute, heavy-resistance exercise protocol (Ex). The Ex was a high-volume, multiset exercise protocol that alternated between 10- and 5-repetition maximum sets with 90-s rest periods between sets. The Ex was performed from 1500 to 1700; blood was obtained immediately postexercise and sampled throughout the night (every 10 min for the first hour and every hour thereafter) until 0600 the next morning. For the first hour, significant differences ( P ≤ 0.05) were only observed for IGFBP-3 (Ex: 3,801 > Con: 3,531 ng/ml). For the overnight responses, no differences were observed for total or free IGF-I or IGFBP-3, whereas IGFBP-2 increased (Ex: 561 > Con: 500 ng/ml) and ALS decreased (Ex: 35 < Con: 39 μg/ml) after exercise. The results from this study suggest that the impact that resistance exercise exerts on the circulating IGF-I system is not in the alteration of the amount of IGF-I but rather of the manner in which IGF-I is partitioned among its family of binding proteins. Thus acute, heavy-resistance exercise can lead to alterations in the IGF-I system that can be detected in the systemic circulation.

Changes in Hormonal Concentrations after Different Heavy-Resistance Exercise Protocols in Women

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Steven J. Fleck ◽  
Joseph E. Dziados ◽  
Everett A. Harman ◽  
Louis J. Marchitelli
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise

The Acute Effects of Androstenedione Supplementation in Healthy Young Males

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Ballantyne ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips ◽  
Jay R. Macdonald ◽  
Mark A. Tarnopolsky ◽  
J. Duncan Macdougall
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Key Words Testosterone ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise

We examined the effects of androstenedione supplementation on the hormonal profile of 10 males and its interaction with resistance exercise. Baseline testosterone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and androstenedione concentrations were established by venous sampling at 3 hr intervals over 24 hr. Subjects ingested 200 mg of androstenedione daily for 2 days, with second and third day blood samples. Two weeks later, they ingested androstenedione or a placebo for 2 days, in a double-blind, cross-over design. On day 2, they performed heavy resistance exercise with blood sampled before, after, and 90 min post. The supplement elevated plasma androstenedione 2-3-fold and luteinizing hormone ∼70% but did not alter testosterone concentration. Exercise elevated testosterone, with no difference between conditions. Exercise in the supplemented condition significantly elevated plasma estradiol by ∼83% for 90 min. Androstenedione supplementation, thus, is unlikely to provide male athletes with any anabolic benefit and, with heavy resistance exercise, elevates estrogen. Key Words: testosterone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, fluid shifts, resistance exercise

Do elite soccer players cover longer distance when losing? Differences between attackers and defenders

2020 ◽  
pp. 174795412098227
Author(s):  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Anton Kalén ◽  
Miguel Lorenzo-Martinez ◽  
Roberto López-Del Campo ◽  
Ricardo Resta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Score Line

This study aimed to evaluate the effects playing position, match location (home or away), quality of opposition (strong or weak), effective playing time (total time minus stoppages), and score-line on physical match performance in professional soccer players using a large-scale analysis. A total of 10,739 individual match observations of outfield players competing in the Spanish La Liga during the 2018–2019 season were recorded using a computerized tracking system (TRACAB, Chyronhego, New York, USA). The players were classified into five positions (central defenders, players = 94; external defenders, players = 82; central midfielders, players = 101; external midfielders, players = 72; and forwards, players = 67) and the following match running performance categories were considered: total distance covered, low-speed running (LSR) distance (0–14 km · h−1), medium-speed running (MSR) distance (14–21 km · h−1), high-speed running (HSR) distance (>21 km · h−1), very HSR (VHSR) distance (21–24 km · h−1), sprint distance (>24 km · h−1) Overall, match running performance was highly dependent on situational variables, especially the score-line condition (winning, drawing, losing). Moreover, the score-line affected players running performance differently depending on their playing position. Losing status increased the total distance and the distance covered at MSR, HSR, VHSR and Sprint by defenders, while attacking players showed the opposite trend. These findings may help coaches and managers to better understand the effects of situational variables on physical performance in La Liga and could be used to develop a model for predicting the physical activity profile in competition.

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