Transcriptional changes suggest a major involvement of Gibberellins in Trifolium pratense regrowth after mowing

AbstractRed clover (Trifolium pratense) is used worldwide as a fodder plant due its high nutritional value. In response to mowing, red clover exhibits specific morphological traits to compensate the loss of biomass. The morphological reaction is well described, but knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms are still lacking. Here we characterize the molecular genetic response to mowing of red clover by using comparative transcriptomics in greenhouse conditions and agriculturally used field. The analysis of mown and control plants revealed candidate genes possibly regulating crucial steps of the genetic network governing the regrowth reaction. In addition, multiple identified gibberellic acid (GA) related genes suggest a major role for GA in establishing the regrowth morphology of red clover. Mown red clover plants showing this regrowth morphology were partially “rescued” by exogenous GA application, demonstrating the influence of GA during regrowth. Our findings provide insights into the physiological and genetic processes of mowing red clover, to serve as a base for red clover yield improvement.

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Transcriptome analysis reveals major transcriptional changes during regrowth after mowing of red clover (Trifolium pratense)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-68380/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Denise B Herbert ◽

Thomas Gross ◽

Oliver Rupp ◽

Annette Becker

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Value ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Transcriptional Response ◽

Red Clover ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Developmental Processes ◽

Developmental Program ◽

Transcriptional Changes ◽

Biomass Loss

Abstract BackgroundRed clover (Trifolium pratense) is globally used as a fodder plant due its high nutritional value and soil improving qualities. In response to mowing, red clover exhibits specific morphological traits to compensate the loss of biomass. The morphological reaction is well described, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and its role for plants grown in the field are unclear. ResultsHere, we characterize the global transcriptional response to mowing of red clover by comparing plants grown under greenhouse conditions with plants growing on agriculturally used fields. Unexpectedly, we found that biotic and abiotic stress related changes of plants grown in the field overlay their regrowth related transcriptional changes and characterized transcription related protein families involved in these processes. Further, we can show that gibberellins, among other phytohormones, also contribute to the developmental processes related to regrowth after biomass-loss. ConclusionsOur findings show that massive biomass loss triggers less transcriptional changes in field grown plants than their struggle with biotic and abiotic stresses and that gibberellins also play a role in the developmental program related to regrowth after mowing in red clover. Our results provide first insights into the physiological and developmental processes of mowing on red clover and may serve as a base for red clover yield improvement.

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Transcriptome analysis reveals major transcriptional changes during regrowth after mowing of red clover (Trifolium pratense)

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02867-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Denise Brigitte Herbert ◽

Thomas Gross ◽

Oliver Rupp ◽

Annette Becker

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Value ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Transcriptional Response ◽

Red Clover ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Developmental Processes ◽

Developmental Program ◽

Transcriptional Changes ◽

Biomass Loss

Abstract Background Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is globally used as a fodder plant due its high nutritional value and soil improving qualities. In response to mowing, red clover exhibits specific morphological traits to compensate the loss of biomass. The morphological reaction is well described, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and its role for plants grown in the field are unclear. Results Here, we characterize the global transcriptional response to mowing of red clover by comparing plants grown under greenhouse conditions with plants growing on agriculturally used fields. Unexpectedly, we found that biotic and abiotic stress related changes of plants grown in the field overlay their regrowth related transcriptional changes and characterized transcription related protein families involved in these processes. Further, we can show that gibberellins, among other phytohormones, also contribute to the developmental processes related to regrowth after biomass-loss. Conclusions Our findings show that massive biomass loss triggers less transcriptional changes in field grown plants than their struggle with biotic and abiotic stresses and that gibberellins also play a role in the developmental program related to regrowth after mowing in red clover. Our results provide first insights into the physiological and developmental processes of mowing on red clover and may serve as a base for red clover yield improvement.

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Histomorphometric evaluation of the effects of local application of red cloveroil (trifolium pratense) on bone healing in rats

Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry ◽

10.26477/jbcd.v32i2.2891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Nada AL-Ghaban ◽

Ghazwan Jasem

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Red Clover ◽

Gelatin Sponge ◽

Bony Defect ◽

Marrow Space ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Background: Red clover oil (Trifolium pratense) has isoflavones bunches which have estrogen-like exercises and may establish an option in contrast to hormone substitution treatment. The present study investigated the impact of Red clover oil on bone healing in rats by histomorphometric study. Materials and Methods: Intra bony defect was performed in right femur of thirty six healthy male albino rats. Then these rats were randomly divided into three groups (12 rats each): one control and 2 experimental groups. For control, the bony defect was left for normal healing; for the experimental (S) group, the defect was treated with hemostatic absorbable gelatin sponge; and for experimental (RS) group, the bony defect was treated with 0.2 ml red clover oil and covered by haemostatic absorbable gelatin sponge. Six rats from each group were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks intervals. Histomorphometric analysis was performed on H&E bone section of all the studied groups which includes counting of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts), trabecular number, trabecular area and bone marrow space area. Results: Histomorphometric results of bone cells revealed that the combination group stimulated larger numbers of osteoblasts and osteocytes than in sponge and control group. Number of new bone trabeculae, trabecular area and bone marrow space area showed higher mean values in combination groups than others. Highly significant differences between groups were observed in all histomorphometric parameters throughout all durations. Conclusion: Red clover oil stimulated larger numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, indicating increased bone remodeling especially at 2 weeks interval as compared with sponge and control groups. Key words: Bone defect, Red clover, Rats.

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Identification and certification of forage grasses (meadow clover, alfalfa, sowing and hop) based on DNA markers

10.33814/978-5-6043194-9-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Irina Klimenko ◽

Nikolay Kozlov ◽

Sergey Kostenko ◽

Anastasia Shamustakimova ◽

Yulian Mavlyutov

Keyword(s):

Experimental Research ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Dna Typing ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Dna Identification ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

And Control ◽

Genetic Passport

A technology has been developed for DNA identification and certification of varieties of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.), Sowing (M. sativa L.) and hop (M. lupuli-na L.) based on molecular analysis with using SSR and SRAP markers. The recommendations contain a description of the sequence of experiments and protocols for DNA typing procedures. The presented methods were developed by the authors on the basis of their own experimental research and using the data available in the literature. A characteristic of informative primers for each marking system is given, a set of DNA identification markers is proposed, and unique molecular genetic formulas of varieties are drawn up as the basis for a reference genetic passport. Methodological recommendations were prepared with the aim of mastering the technology of DNA certification of forage grasses in practice. Designed for managers and specialists of research and control laboratories, can serve as a textbook for students and postgraduates in specialized specialties.

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Herbicides for Renovation of Pastures and Control of Tall Ironweed (Vernonia altissima)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500044143 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 342-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E. J. Peters ◽

S. A. Lowance

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Perennial Weeds ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽

And Control

August and October applications of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) were compared at two rates for pasture renovation. During the 2 yr of the experiment, sod suppression was frequently greater with October applications than with August applications. Medium red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) became established in all the plots, and density and yield tended to increase as grass suppression increased.Glyphosate was compared over a 3-yr period with an ester of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) for control of tall ironweed (Vernonia altissima Nutt.) when applied in August. Picloram killed from about 80 to 100% of the tall ironweed plants and was superior to 2,4-D. Glyphosate was inconsistent for controlling tall ironweed but could be used for killing perennial weeds as well as sod suppression.

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Variation in yield, forage quality and morphological traits of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding populations and cultivars

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture ◽

10.13080/z-a.2013.100.009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marijana Tucak ◽

Svetislav Popović ◽

Tihomir Čupić ◽

Valentina Španić ◽

Vladimir Meglič

Keyword(s):

Morphological Traits ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Forage Quality ◽

Red Clover ◽

Breeding Populations ◽

Trifolium Pratense L

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Enetic diversity in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) using SSR markers

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1403949a ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 949-961 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ramadan Ahsyee ◽

S Sanjavasiljevic ◽

Irena Calic ◽

Miroslav Zoric ◽

Djura Karagic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Red Clover ◽

Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Average Value ◽

Molecular Genetic Diversity ◽

Principal Coordinates ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

Efficient Breeding

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the main forage species from temperate regions and it's originated in Eurasia where wild-type populations are found in the Caucasus Mountains. Considerable variation for this crop has been recorded for few molecular variations. The identification and understanding of molecular genetic diversity in red clover accessions will help in effective genetic conservation along with efficient breeding programs in this crop. This study has shown molecular diversity using microsatellite markers in red clover accessions from around of the world. In this investigation, 40 genotypes have been selected and analyzed using 15 SSR primers. These primer pairs amplified 1146 polymorphic loci among the genotypes screened. The number of fragments amplified by each SSR primer combination varied from 24 for RCS3681 to 109 for RCS1729 with an average value of 80.78 per primer combination. The SSR marker data was further analyzed using cluster algorithms and Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). The results indicated that the considerable genetic variations were discovered among the analyzed genotypes. The SSR based clustering could identify the putative pedigree types of the present red clover types of diverse origins.

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Cost-effective detection of genome-wide signatures for 2,4-D herbicide resistance adaptation in red clover

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-55676-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juliana Benevenuto ◽

Mehul Bhakta ◽

Daniel A. Lohr ◽

Luís Felipe V. Ferrão ◽

Marcio F. R. Resende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candidate Genes ◽

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Significant Snps ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Single Chromosome ◽

Legume Crop ◽

Genome Wide

AbstractHerbicide resistance is a recurrent evolutionary event that has been reported across many species and for all major herbicide modes of action. The synthetic auxinic herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has been widely used since the 1940s, however the genetic variation underlying naturally evolving resistance remains largely unknown. In this study, we used populations of the forage legume crop red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) that were recurrently selected for 2,4-D resistance to detect genome-wide signatures of adaptation. Four susceptible and six derived resistant populations were sequenced using a less costly approach by combining targeted sequencing (Capture-Seq) with pooled individuals (Pool-Seq). Genomic signatures of selection were identified using: (i) pairwise allele frequency differences; (ii) genome scan for overly differentiated loci; and (iii) genome‐wide association. Fifty significant SNPs were consistently detected, most located in a single chromosome, which can be useful for marker assisted selection. Additionally, we searched for candidate genes at these genomic regions to gain insights into potential molecular mechanisms underlying 2,4-D resistance. Among the predicted functions of candidate genes, we found some related to the auxin metabolism, response to oxidative stress, and detoxification, which are also promising for further functional validation studies.

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DNA Fingerprinting by SSR-Analyses of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Cultivars

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-6-55-60 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

V.A. Dushkin ◽

V.P. Klimenko ◽

A.O. Shamustakimova

Keyword(s):

Dna Fingerprinting ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Red Clover ◽

Federal Budget ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Ssr Loci ◽

Trifolium Pratense L

The results of experimental studies on polymorphism of 10 red clover cultivars of Russian selection are presented. Informative primer pairs that can be used for the identification of markers during intervariety differentiation were determined. Based on SSR fingerprints, molecular genetic formulas of the studied cultivars were compiled. Samples of genomic DNA of each cultivar were obtained from pooled aliquots of the plant tissue, each containing 30 seedlings. Eleven pairs of SSR primers developed for structural analysis of the red clover genome were used in genotyping. Unique amplification fragments were found with SSR locus RCS1307 for Trifon and Topaz cultivars, as well as with SSR locus RCS3095 for Trio and Mars cultivars, which can serve as identification DNA markers The results of this study are of practical importance for the molecular genetic certification of breeding achievements, which is necessary to assess the quality and genetic uniformity of seeds and to control hybridization in the breeding process. forage crops, red clover, DNA fingerprinting, SSR loci, cultivar identification This study was funded from the federal budget within the framework of a state assignment (project no. 0442-2019-0001 АААА-А19-119122590053-0).

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Morphological traits and yield of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) genotypes with varying inflorescence length

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2002.047 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 89-100

Author(s):

Tadeusz Zając ◽

Halina Góral ◽

Robert Witkowski ◽

Ludwik Spiss

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Shoot Density ◽

Area Index ◽

Shoot Height ◽

The One ◽

Harvest Year ◽

Standard Cultivar

Two red clover breeding strains with elongated flower heads, developed by one of the authors (H.Góral), were studied for forage and seed yield and compared to the standard cultivar 'Nike'. In addition, six morphological shoot traits were measured and their interrelations were computed. The leaf area index (LAI) of successive cuts in two harvest years was determined on the basis of shoot density and leaf area of individual shoots. All three genotypes exhibited a high leaf area on shoots and a very high forage productivity. Among the morphological traits only shoot height could be a good selective criterion because it is easily measured, is significantly associated with shoot weight and shoot leaf area and its variation is low. Both strains, particularly the one with longer inflorescences belong to short-lived red clover forms giving satis factory forage and seed yields in the first harvest year. Depending on the strain the number of seeds per elongated inflorescence in the first harvest year was higher by 92 and 42% compared to that of a standard cultivar.

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