Peroxisomal Hydrogen Peroxide Is Coupled to Biotic Defense Responses by ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 in a Daylength-Related Manner

A nonpathogenic rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas putida LSW17S, elicited systemic protection against Fusarium wilt and pith necrosis caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and P. corrugata in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). LSW17S also confers disease resistance against P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000) on Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0. To investigate mechanisms underlying disease protection, expression patterns of defense-related genes PR1, PR2, PR5, and PDF1.2 and cellular defense responses such as hydrogen peroxide accumulation and callose deposition were investigated. LSW17S treatment exhibited the typical phenomena of priming. Strong and faster transcription of defense-related genes was induced and hydrogen peroxide or callose were accumulated in Arabidopsis treated with LSW17S and infected with DC3000. In contrast, individual actions of LSW17S and DC3000 did not elicit rapid molecular and cellular defense responses. Priming by LSW17S was translocated systemically and retained for more than 10 days. Treatment with LSW17S reduced pathogen proliferation in Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 expressing bacterial NahG; however, npr1, etr1, and jar1 mutations impaired inhibition of pathogen growth. Cellular and molecular priming responses support these results. In sum, LSW17S primes Arabidopsis for NPR1-, ethylene-, and jasmonic acid-dependent disease resistance, and efficient molecular and cellular defense responses.

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Evaluation of biochemical defense response to Spodoptera litura infestation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-94515/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arslan Hafeez ◽

Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad ◽

Jam Nazeer Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Imran Tipu ◽

Tanwir Ahmad Malik

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Bt Cotton ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Herbivore Damage ◽

Chlorophyll Pigments ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Cotton Genotypes

Abstract Background: The cotton armyworm (Spodoptera litura) is one of the most devastating pests of many economically important crops including cotton which cause substantial yield losses due to its feeding pattern on leaves and other plant parts. Plants respond to herbivore damage through an array of defense responses to ensure their survival. This study was aimed to appraise biochemical defense responses of cotton genotypes to S. litura infestation.Methods: Two Bt cotton cultivars namely Bt-886 and CIM-622 and one non-Bt PB-896 cultivar were used in the study. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Leaf samples for biochemical analysis were collected after 24 hrs of infestation by third instar larvae.Results: Data revealed that infestation caused significant reduction in chlorophyll pigments of all cultivars. Infestation caused a marked increase in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde concentrations as well as activities of various antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase. The levels of other secondary metabolites such as phenolics, proline and glycine betaine were also found to be higher after infestation.Conclusion: Among the cotton cultivars, cv. PB-896 was found to be considerably resistant to pest attack due to an efficient antioxidant system, lower chlorophyll degradation, and lesser accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde that manifested minimal oxidative injury.

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Calcium signaling and biotic defense responses in plants

Plant Signaling & Behavior ◽

10.4161/15592324.2014.973818 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e973818 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Lei Zhang ◽

Liqun Du ◽

B.W. Poovaiah

Keyword(s):

Calcium Signaling ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Biotic Defense

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A Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase B Is Required for the Establishment of Astragalus sinicus–Mesorhizobium Symbiosis

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/pcp/pcaa085 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (9) ◽

pp. 1631-1645

Author(s):

Zaiyong Si ◽

Ning Guan ◽

Yuan Zhou ◽

Lingli Mei ◽

Yixing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Hairy Roots ◽

Methionine Sulfoxide ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase ◽

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽

Nodule Development ◽

Astragalus Sinicus ◽

Infection Threads ◽

Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase B

Abstract Methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) is involved in oxidative stress or defense responses in plants. However, little is known about its role in legume–rhizobium symbiosis. In this study, an MsrB gene was identified from Astragalus sinicus and its function in symbiosis was characterized. AsMsrB was induced under phosphorus starvation and displayed different expression patterns under symbiotic and nonsymbiotic conditions. Hydrogen peroxide or methyl viologen treatment enhanced the transcript level of AsMsrB in roots and nodules. Subcellular localization showed that AsMsrB was localized in the cytoplasm of onion epidermal cells and co-localized with rhizobia in nodules. Plants with AsMsrB-RNAi hairy roots exhibited significant decreases in nodule number, nodule nitrogenase activity and fresh weight of the aerial part, as well as an abnormal nodule and symbiosome development. Statistical analysis of infection events showed that plants with AsMsrB-RNAi hairy roots had significant decreases in the number of root hair curling events, infection threads and nodule primordia compared with the control. The content of hydrogen peroxide increased in AsMsrB-RNAi roots but decreased in AsMsrB overexpression roots at the early stage of infection. The transcriptome analysis showed synergistic modulations of the expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species generation and scavenging, defense and pathogenesis and early nodulation. In addition, a candidate protein interacting with AsMsrB was identified and confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Taken together, our results indicate that AsMsrB plays an essential role in nodule development and symbiotic nitrogen fixation by affecting the redox homeostasis in roots and nodules.

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Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) 3 mediates biotic defense responses inArabidopsis

FEBS Letters ◽

10.1016/j.febslet.2008.02.037 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 582 (6) ◽

pp. 943-948 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

Yael Galon ◽

Roy Nave ◽

Joy M. Boyce ◽

Dikla Nachmias ◽

Marc R. Knight ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Defense Responses ◽

Transcription Activator ◽

Calmodulin Binding ◽

Biotic Defense

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Defense Responses in the Interactions between Medicinal Plants from Lamiaceae Family and the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030438 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 438

Author(s):

Katarzyna Golan ◽

Inmaculada Garrido Jurado ◽

Izabela Kot ◽

Edyta Górska-Drabik ◽

Katarzyna Kmieć ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Plant Species ◽

Infected Plant ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Mite Infestation ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Tetranychus Urticae Koch

This study aimed to determine the effects of plant species on the biological parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch and the time of mite infestation on plant physiology in Ocimum basilicum L., Melissa officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L. Mite infestation induced various levels of oxidative stress depending on plant species and the duration of infestation. Host plants affected T. urticae life table parameters. The low level of susceptibility was characteristic of S. officinalis, which appeared to be the least infected plant species and reduced mites demographic parameters. Infested leaves of S. officinalis contained elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to control. In addition, higher membrane lipid peroxidation and higher activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and lower activity of catalase (CAT) were recorded with a longer mite infestation. In contrast, O. basilicum appeared to be a suitable host on which T. urticae could develop and increase in number. In basil leaves, increasing levels of hydrogen peroxide and MDA with elevated GPX activity and strongly decreased catalase activity were recorded. Knowledge of the differences in mite susceptibility of the tested medicinal plants described in this study has the potential to be applied in breeding strategies and integrated T. urticae pest management in medicinal plant cultivations.

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Overexpression of a Gene Encoding Hydrogen Peroxide-Generating Oxalate Oxidase Evokes Defense Responses in Sunflower

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.103.024026 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

pp. 170-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 197

Author(s):

Xu Hu ◽

Dennis L. Bidney ◽

Nasser Yalpani ◽

Jonathan P. Duvick ◽

Oswald Crasta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Oxalate Oxidase ◽

Gene Encoding

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Systemic Hypersensitive Resistance to Turnip mosaic virus in Brassica juncea is Associated With Multiple Defense Responses, Especially Phloem Necrosis and Xylem Occlusion

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-15-1459-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (7) ◽

pp. 1261-1270 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eviness P. Nyalugwe ◽

Martin J. Barbetti ◽

Peta L. Clode ◽

Roger A. C. Jones

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽

Hypersensitive Resistance ◽

Phloem Necrosis ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation

Systemic hypersensitive resistance (SHR) caused by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was studied by light microscopy and histochemical analysis in stem cross sections of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) plants. Ten TuMV isolates were inoculated to leaves of susceptible line JM 06006, cv. Oasis CI, which carries TuMV systemic hypersensitivity gene TuRBJU 01, and F3 progeny plants obtained from a cross between them. Systemic mosaic (SM) symptoms were induced by all 10 isolates in plants of JM 06006, and by resistance-breaking isolate NSW-3 in all cv. Oasis CI and F3 plants. With the other nine isolates, cv. Oasis CI plants developed SHR while F3 progeny plants segregated for both phenotypes; mock-inoculated control plants never became infected. Presence of SHR did not delay systemic invasion as this commenced within 2 hours after inoculation (hai) and was almost complete by 72 hai regardless of whether plants subsequently developed SHR or SM. When stem cross sections sampled 9 to 12 days after inoculation were examined for the plant defense responses, phloem necrosis, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and additional lignin deposition, sections from plants with SHR demonstrated all of these characteristics, but sections from plants with SM or mock-inoculation did not. Based on consolidated data from all isolates except NSW-3, stems developing SHR had significantly more occluded xylem vessels (P < 0.001) compared with stems from plants developing SM or mock-inoculated plants. Both light microscopy and histochemical tests with phloroglucinol-HCl and toluidine blue O indicated that the xylem occlusions could be gels. Thus, phloem necrosis, xylem occlusion, lignification, and hydrogen peroxide accumulation were all associated with the SHR in B. juncea plants carrying TuMV hypersensitivity gene TuRBJU 01. In addition, virus inclusion bodies were fewer in sections from plants with SHR. Phloem necrosis was apparently acting as the primary cause of SHR and xylem occlusion as an important secondary cause.

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The activation of wheat resistance against powdery mildew by combination of biotic elicitor and NO donor

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v28.1379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 78-82

Author(s):

I. V. Zhuk ◽

Yu. V. Shylina ◽

A. P. Dmytriev

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Ferulic Acid ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

No Donor

Aim. The aim of research was to analyze the activation of Triticum aestivum L. non-specific resistance by the effect of ferulic acid and NO on H2O2 content against fungal pathogen from environment in field trials. Methods. Content of endogenous H2O2 was measured in elicitor treated and infected wheat plants (cv. Oberig myronivskij and Svitanok myronivskij) during different ontogenesis phases. The extent of disease development, morphometric parameters and yield structure were analyzed. Results. The data obtained suggest that different levels of endogenous hydrogen peroxide were induced in wheat leaves by treatment. The growth and yield were stimulated. The infection damage decreased. Conclusions. The role of endogenous hydrogen peroxide is crucial for wheat defense during all vegetation period. The elicitor and donor NO induced effective defense responses and resistance in winter wheat against Erysiphe graminis. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., ferulic acid, NO, induced resistance, powdery mildew.

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