Intellectual disability, personality disorder and offending: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Rayner ◽  
Harry Wood ◽  
Nigel Beail ◽  
Maninder Kaur Nagra
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Client Group ◽  
Offending Behaviour

Purpose – This review seeks to systematically review studies where personality disorder has been explored as a descriptive or possible predictive factor in offending behaviour in people with an intellectual disability. The papar aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic search of several databases was conducted and 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Findings – Methodological limitations and problems in accurate diagnosis within this client group preclude firm conclusions being reached. Originality/value – It is concluded that further research should be conducted, with particular attention paid to the conceptualisation and assessment of personality disorder.

scholarly journals Self-harm and suicidal content online, harmful or helpful? A systematic review of the recent evidence

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Brennan ◽  
Sonia Saraiva ◽  
Elizabeth Mitchell ◽  
Richard Melia ◽  
Lydia Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Limit Time ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Individual

Purpose There are calls for greater regulation of online content related to self-harm and suicide, particularly that which is user-generated. However, the online space is a source of support and advice, including an important sharing of experiences. This study aims to explore what it is about such online content, and how people interact with it, that may confer harm or offer benefit. Design/methodology/approach The authors undertook a systematic review of the published evidence, using customised searches up to February 2021 in seven databases. The authors included empirical research on the internet or online use and self-harm or suicide content that had been indexed since 2015. The authors undertook a theoretically driven narrative synthesis. Findings From 4,493 unique records, 87 met our inclusion criteria. The literature is rapidly expanding and not all the evidence is high quality, with very few longitudinal or intervention studies so little evidence to understand possible causal links. Very little content online is classifiable as explicitly harmful or definitively helpful, with responses varying by the individual and immediate context. The authors present a framework that seeks to represent the interplay in online use between the person, the medium, the content and the outcome. Originality/value This review highlights that content should not be considered separately to the person accessing it, so online safety means thinking about all users. Blanket removal or unthinking regulation may be more harmful than helpful. A focus on safe browsing is important and tools that limit time and diversify content would support this.

Commentary on “The Ealing Intensive Therapeutic and Short Breaks Service: an update five years on”

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Joann Kiernan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Young People ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Client Group

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the needs of children and young people with an intellectual disability and behaviours described as challenging in light of the article “The Ealing Intensive Therapeutic and Short Breaks service: An Update Five Years On”. Design/methodology/approach Contemporary literature associated with the provision of support to children and young people with an intellectual disability and behaviours described as challenging is considered. Some of the recent challenges associated with the provision of effective and timely support in light of current research, policy and practice are highlighted. Findings The Ealing service’s continued success is discussed within the context of new ways of working required to meet the needs of the client group and their families/carers. Originality/value The commentary reinforces the need to evolve service models that can provide specialist, timely and intensive support. The importance of early intervention is highlighted.

Personality disorder and intellectual disability – concept and prevalence

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Katrine Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Purpose – The range of prevalence of personality disorder (PD) found in people with intellectual disability (ID) has been reported as vast, and has included data from dissimilar settings. The purpose of this paper is to review the reported prevalence of PD in the general population of people with ID, and to consider how different and changing ideas about PD have affected these rates. Design/methodology/approach – Cross-sectional studies of the prevalence of PD in people with ID were identified. The quality of the studies was considered, along with how cases of PD were identified. Findings – Six studies were included. The reported prevalence of PD in people known to have ID ranged from 0.7 to 35 per cent. Possible reasons for this wide range included different views of PD and methods of assessment. Research limitations/implications – The wide range of findings suggests that methodological differences are significant. Consideration to how clinicians should respond to the overlap of impairment between ID and PD may improve the conceptual clarity of PD, informing future epidemiological research. Originality/value – This review was limited to studies of samples likely to be representative of the general ID population. The range of prevalence estimates was narrower than previously reported, and more likely to reflect the true prevalence rate of PD amongst people who have ID. Consideration was also given to how different ideas of PD led to different methods and may have contributed to variance in the results.

A systematic review of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with people with intellectual disabilities: an unsafe gap in the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Crompton ◽  
Bethany Duncan ◽  
Graham Simpson-Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to systematically review the available evidence that explores adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in people with intellectual disabilities (PwID). It is important to systematically review this literature as, to date, there is little known about the number of studies in this area, despite the World Health Organization declaring ACE prevention and support as a global public health priority. Design/methodology/approach Published studies were identified from electronic database searches. Key journals and reference lists were also hand searched. Findings Two studies met the inclusion criteria and the prevalence and frequency of ACEs experienced by participants of these studies analysed. Overall, due to the small number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria, it is difficult to establish any meaningful conclusions. Originality/value This appears to be the first systematic review to try and identify a research base looking at the prevalence of ACEs within a PwID population. Findings suggest that this is a highly neglected area of research, and the authors hope to have identified that further evidence is required to draw clearer conclusions about the impact of ACEs on PwID.

Organisational effectiveness and personality disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Yeandle ◽  
Liz Fawkes ◽  
Clare Carter ◽  
Chris Gordon ◽  
Elizabeth Challis
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organisational Effectiveness ◽  
Client Group ◽  
Organisational Factors

Purpose – National treatment guidelines regarding Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2009) make a number of recommendations relating to system and cultural treatment variables including: access to services, autonomy and choice, developing an optimistic and trusting relationship and managing endings and transitions. The purpose of this paper is to look at a model which could help organisational effectiveness across a range of service settings in relation to personality disorder. Design/methodology/approach – Explanation of why the McKinsey 7S organisational model (Waterman et al., 1980) may be useful in assessing organisational effectiveness in relation to personality disorder. Findings – Cultural and organisational factors across a range of levels need to be aligned to allow for effective service delivery. This is particularly important in working with this client group where strong emotional reactions and subsequent organisational splits are common. Practical implications – The application of this tool within clinical leadership and service development would be particularly important for coherence within generalist (as opposed to specialist) settings. Originality/value – To the authors’ knowledge this analysis is unique as a review of NHS culture across a range of settings and discussion of the implications for service delivery for patients with BPD.

Sport in business studies: a state-of-the-art literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-546
Author(s):  
Christofer Laurell ◽  
Sten Soderman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of articles on sport published in leading business studies journals within marketing, organisational studies and strategy.Design/methodology/approachBased on a review of 38 identified articles within the subfields of marketing, strategy and organisation studies published between 2000 and 2015, the articles’ topical, theoretical and methodological orientation within the studied subfields were analysed followed by a cross-subfield analysis.FindingsThe authors identify considerable differences in topical, theoretical and methodological orientation among the studied subfields’ associated articles. Overall, the authors also find that articles across all subfields tend to be focussed on contributing to mature theory, even though the subfield of marketing in particular exhibits contributions to nascent theory in contrast to organisation studies and strategy.Originality/valueThis paper contributes by illustrating the current state of research that is devoted or related to the phenomenon of sport within three subfields in business studies. Furthermore, the authors discuss the role played by leading business studies journalsvis-à-vissport sector-specific journals and offer avenues for future research.

Proposing micro-macro HRM strategies to overcome challenges of workforce diversity and deviance in ASEAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Malik ◽  
Usha Lenka ◽  
Debashish Kumar Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Workplace Deviance ◽  
Workforce Diversity ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Key Word

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework associating globalization, workforce diversity, and deviance and suggest micro-macro HRM strategies to overcome challenges associated with the workforce diversity and workplace deviance. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review of literature of past 25 years was carried out with the key word “globalization, workforce diversity, and deviance” from several electronic databases. Findings Findings propose micro-macro HRM strategies to be adopted by HR practitioners in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) organizations to manage workforce diversity and deviance in the age of globalization. Research limitations/implications The challenges due to workforce diversity may get worse because ASEAN is more incongruent in terms of phases of economic, social, cultural, and political advancement. Therefore, proposed model can be tested and compared in different ASEAN organizations. Originality/value There is a dearth of literature associating globalization, workforce diversity, and deviance. This paper bridges this gap by proposing a conceptual framework in the ASEAN context and suggests micro-macro HRM strategies to be adopted by HRM practitioners to overcome associated challenges with workforce diversity and deviance.

From nowhere to nowhere. Homelessness and incarceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Y. Bashir ◽  
Noreen Moloney ◽  
Musaab E. Elzain ◽  
Isabelle Delaunois ◽  
Ali Sheikhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
The Usa

Purpose This study aims to review international literature systematically to estimate the prevalence of homelessness among incarcerated persons at the time of imprisonment and the time of discharge. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review methodology was used to identify quantitative observational studies that looked at the prevalence of homelessness at the time of imprisonment, or up to 30 days prior to that point (initial homelessness), and at the time of discharge from prisons. Studies reported in English from inception to 11 September 2019 were searched for using eight databases (PsycInfo, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycArticles, Scopus, Web of Science and the Campbell Collaboration), in addition to grey literature. Studies were screened independently by three researchers. Results of studies meeting inclusion criteria were meta-analysed using a random effects model to generate pooled prevalence data. Findings A total of 18 out of 2,131 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies originated from the USA, Canada, UK, Ireland or Australia. The estimated prevalence of initial homelessness was 23.41% and at time of discharge was 29.94%. Substantial heterogeneity was observed among studies. Originality/value People in prisons are over twenty times more likely to be homeless than those in the general population. This is likely attributable to a range of health and social factors. Studies in this analysis suggest higher rates of homelessness in minority populations and among those with mental illnesses and neurodevelopmental disorders. While there was significant heterogeneity among studies, the results highlight the global burden of this issue and a clear necessity for targeted interventions to address homelessness in this population.

The relationship between work engagement and workaholism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunsoo Lee ◽  
Jae Young Lee ◽  
Jin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Person Centered Approach ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between two sub-constructs of heavy work investment: work engagement and workaholism. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize and critically assess existing research on the relationship between these concepts. Findings The review revealed three major shortcomings of the extant literature: a dichotomous perspective, variations in measurements and the unaddressed complexity of the relationship. Originality/value Based on these findings, this study provides a discussion on the limitations and suggestions for future research on work engagement and workaholism, including using a person-centered approach.

Validation of Hagerman’s behavioral phenotype for fragile X syndrome among men with intellectual disability

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Bellavance ◽  
Morin Diane ◽  
Catherine Mello
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Behavioral Phenotype ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The behavioral phenotype of fragile X syndrome (FXS) and intellectual disability (ID) proposed by Hagerman et al. (2009) was primarily based on data from male children and teens. The purpose of this study was to promote a better understanding of how this condition manifests in adults. Design/methodology/approach A total of 18 men of FXS were paired with men with Down syndrome on the basis of age and level of ID. A screening checklist was created on the basis of existing scales and the Hagerman et al. (2009) behavioral phenotype and completed by care providers. Findings Five of the 12 features of the phenotype were significantly more present among men with FXS than in men with Down syndrome. Originality/value This study provides partial confirmation for Hagerman et al.’s (2009) behavioral phenotype of FXS among men with moderate ID and identified some traits that warrant further investigation.

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