Pad printing of polymeric silver ink conductors on thermoplastic foils

Circuit World ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teija Laine-Ma ◽  
Pekka Ruuskanen ◽  
Satu Pasanen ◽  
Mikko Karttunen
Keyword(s):  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Silver Ink ◽  
Excellent Adhesion ◽  
Pet Film ◽  
Electrical Conductors ◽  
Printing Parameters

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of pad printing for producing electrical conductors and to define the factors affecting the print quality of polymeric silver ink conductors. Design/methodology/approach Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) compound film were used as substrate materials. Three different polymeric silver inks, marked A, B and C, were used and tested. Findings The results indicated that the important factors in the pad printing of silver ink conductors are the printing parameters and characteristics of the ink, pad, cliché and substrate. The interactions of these factors should be considered on a case-by-case basis. The sheet resistances of triple-pressed ink conductors varied between 20 and 110 mΩ/sq for 5.7- to 8.5-μm-thick conductors. Ink (B) had a higher sheet resistance than Ink (A) because of its lower silver particle content but also because of the shorter curing time and lower curing temperature. Ink (A) showed excellent adhesion on PET, and Ink (B) had moderate adhesion on PET without corona or plasma pre-treatments, but both inks adhered weakly on PPO compound. Both corona and plasma treatments raised adhesion of these two inks on all test substrates to the highest classification value, 5B. Originality/value This paper contains a survey and preliminary testing of the pad printing of polymeric silver ink conductors on flexible thermoplastic foils. Finally, the paper introduces the advantages and drawbacks of the technique.

Quality of life in breast cancer sufferers

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Essmat Shouman ◽  
Nahla Fawzy Abou El Ezz ◽  
Nivine Gado ◽  
Amal Mahmoud Ibrahim Goda
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure health-related quality of life (QOL) among patients with early stage cancer breast under curative treatment at department of oncology and nuclear medicine at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Identify factors affecting QOL among these patients. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional study measured QOL among early stage female breast cancer (BC) patients and determined the main factors affecting their QOL. Three interviewer administered questionnaires were used. Findings – The physical domain mostly affected in BC patients and the functional domain least. Socio-demographic factors that significantly affected BC patients QOL scores were patient age, education, having children and family income. Specific patient characteristics include caregiver presence – a factor that affected different QOL scores. Age at diagnosis, affection in the side of the predominant hand, post-operative chemotherapy and difficulty in obtaining the medication were the disease-related factors that affected QOL scores. Originality/value – The final model predicting QOL for early stage female BC patients included age, education and difficulty in obtaining the medication as determinants for total QOL score. Carer presence was the specific patient characteristic that affected different QOL scores.

Factors affecting the development of e-government using a citizen-centric approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanda Sorn-in ◽  
Kulthida Tuamsuk ◽  
Wasu Chaopanon
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Government

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting the development of e-government by using a citizen-centric approach. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a mixed-methods study consisting of qualitative and quantitative research. Data were collected from government agencies using a structured interview and questionnaire about e-government services. The research was collected from the people responsible for the management of an e-government project in 75 government agencies. In addition, the researcher collected data from 1,400 citizens by using an e-Survey questionnaire that grouped participants by age. Findings – By using a citizen-centric approach, the paper identified the factors affecting the development of e-government. There were five factors from the viewpoint of government agencies and citizen groups: quality of e-government services, policy and governance, information technology infrastructure, organization and economy and society. Research limitations/implications – The research covered the development patterns of e-government for services from government to citizens only. Practical implications – Seeing the importance of environmental factors for both service providers and service users would facilitate continuous improvement of e-government service provision by government agencies. Social implications – The results reflect citizens’ need for e-government services; quality is their priority. Hence, government agencies must consider the quality of the delivery of information and e-government services as they relate to the lifestyles and needs of citizens. Originality/value – The creation of knowledge from merging e-government concepts with citizen-centric principles is a modern government sector management theory. This research stresses the need for the government sector to see the need for e-government and to recognize the factors for its successful development. This means the design and development of e-government services should respond to the increasing needs of the citizens.

Assessing residents’ perceptions of urban placemaking prior to hosting a major cultural event

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wise ◽  
Jelena Đurkin Badurina ◽  
Marko Perić
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Local Quality ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Level Of Agreement

PurposeMore research is needed to consider residents’ perceptions prior to hosting large-scale events. This paper contributes new insight on residents’ perceptions of placemaking analysed by considering awareness, enthusiasm and participation prior to hosting a large-scale event. Placemaking is becoming increasingly important and this insight can help planners understand how locals perceive change and event planning preparations.Design/methodology/approach454 residents of Rijeka, Croatia completed a survey (seven-point Likert scale) of 17 placemaking principles, asked in three ways: (1) how you feel; (2) how you believe people near you feel and (3) if you feel that planning/preparing for ECoC 2020 has made a difference. The data analysis considers socio-demographics and the significance of awareness, enthusiasm and participation as factors affecting residents’ perceptions of placemaking.FindingsThe study found respondents originally from Rijeka expressed statistically significant higher level of agreement. Where statistically significant differences exist, female respondents expressed statistically significant higher levels of agreement. For six statements, the distribution of results was not similar for all age groups. Awareness and enthusiasm seems to influence placemaking principles to a greater extent than participation in this study, but all have proven to have statistically significant positive impacts on the placemaking principles assessed.Practical implicationsPlanners need to focus on effective promotional activities aimed at awareness and enhance enthusiasm to help increase perceptions of placemaking and increase local quality of life.Originality/valueexplores perceptions of “self” and “how others feel” by assessing principles of placemaking associated with the case of Rijeka. This allows researchers to explore understandings of how people perceive the attitudes of their fellow residents.

Freedom and control: a state of balance in public space

Facilities ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 606-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianjiao Zhao ◽  
Kin Wai Michael Siu
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Control

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine how to achieve a balance between freedom and control in public space. It analyses the relationship between freedom and control to identify phenomena and offer users and policymakers instructions for achieving that balance. Public space, including privately owned public space, is important to urban living. People have both the right to use public space and the responsibility to protect it. Both freedom and control should exist in public space in an appropriate combination. It is impossible and inappropriate for us to ask for absolute freedom or endure unreasonable control. Design/methodology/approach – A case study of Hong Kong’s Mass Transit Railway (MTR) reveals typical freedom/control relationships. Quantitative descriptions are given based on field observations. Findings – Freedom and control are primary factors affecting the quality of urban life and management of city space. They depend on and conflict with each other. The balance between freedom and control is a balance between diverse spaces. The “freedom space” belonging to both citizens and authorities determines whether freedom and control are balanced. Ethics and strategies constitute control. Only when each authority and user obtains a proper freedom space can freedom and control achieve balance in public space. Research limitations/implications – Freedom and control differ across cities because they are both affected by culture, history and tradition. As each city has its own characteristics, the freedom and control in each open space are distinctive. Balancing freedom and control requires an understanding of a city’s background and the era. While this paper does not attempt to achieve this understanding, further studies could devote more attention to dimensions of time and location. Practical implications – The findings provide recommendations for users, policymakers and construction and management companies that will allow the management of harmonious and high-quality open spaces. Social implications – Freedom and control are two main factors affecting quality of life. The balance between freedom and control may bring a harmony and stable society environment. It would benefit both the authority and the people a lot. Originality/value – This study provides a systematic analysis of freedom and control in public space and makes a valuable contribution to quality urban space policy, design and management.

scholarly journals Optimisation of screen printing process for functional printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-463
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Long Lin ◽  
Saira Faisal ◽  
Iftikhar Ali Sahito ◽  
Syed Imran Ali
Keyword(s):  
Screen Printing ◽  
Surface Resistivity ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Functional Printing ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explain the effects of screen printing parameters on the quantity of ink deposited and the print quality in the context of printing of functional inks. Both these aspects of printing are crucial in the case of conventional and functional printing. This is because, in the case of conventional printing, the quantity of ink deposit affects the color strength while in the case of functional printing, it directly affects the resulting functionality of the ink layer. Design/methodology/approach In this work, an automatic lab-scale screen printer was used to print functional inks on a paper board substrate. The printing parameters, i.e. printing pressure and squeegee angle were altered and the resulting effects on the quantity of ink that was deposited were recorded. The quantity of ink deposit was related to its surface resistivity. In addition, the quality of the print was also assessed by examining the design registration quality. Findings The authors found that altering the squeegee angle has a significant effect on the properties of the resulting ink deposit. More importantly, the authors found that the deflection in the rubber blade squeegee was greatly dependent on the initial angle of the squeegee at the start of the printing stroke. For each set value of the squeegee angle that was considered, the actual angle during printing was recorded and used in the analysis. A printing pressure of three bars and squeegee angle of 20° resulted in the maximum weight of ink deposit with a correspondingly lowest surface resistivity. Practical implications This study is envisaged to have considerable practical implications in the rapidly growing field of functional printing of flexible substrates including, but not limited to, textiles. This is because, the study provides an insight into the effects of printing parameters on the characteristics of a functional ink deposit. Originality/value Screen printing of flexible substrates is a well-developed and arguably the most widely used printing technique, particularly for textiles. Numerous studies report on the analysis of various aspects of screen printing. However, to the best of the knowledge, the effects of printing parameters on the characteristics of functional inks, such as electrically conductive inks, have not been studied in this manner.

Factors affecting online food delivery service in Bangladesh: an empirical study

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Tausif Saad
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe core idea of this paper was to empirically evaluate the factors affecting the choices of consumers while ordering food online. The goal was to explore consumer behavior in the emerging industry of online food delivery business in an emerging economy, Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used a qualitative and exploratory approach through the collection and analysis of data from a total of 177 survey respondents. Statistical analyses of all collected data (utilizing t-tests and factor analysis) were used to conclude the factors important to consumers in ordering food online through online food delivery intermediaries.FindingsResults showed delivery time, service quality, price and condition of food delivered as factors constitute the first factor considered to be directly affecting the success of online food delivery. Variety and number of restaurants, menu, delivery tracking service and attitude of a delivery person are found to constitute the second factor and considered as indirect factors.Practical implicationsOnline food ordering has been a very emerging sector globally and also a recent phenomenon in Bangladesh. The development and the availability of the internet combined with the busy life schedule has prompted businesses to address another need among consumers, the need to deliver foods at consumers' doorsteps. Understanding the consumer landscape better would help realize the full potential of the e-commerce platform as it can influence the economy, businesses and the quality of life of people.Originality/valueThe online food delivery business is new and growing and demands greater researches for better understanding by academicians and practitioners. This paper expands the limited existing research related to the online food delivery business and explores consumer behavior in the industry. From a managerial perspective, the paper contributes to understanding the consumers more broadly.

Developing inclusive and quality learning environments in HEIs

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seerat Gill ◽  
Gurparkash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Quality Learning ◽  
Quality Debate

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to redefine quality in the context of “access” providing higher education institutions (HEIs), through a theoretical lens, in order to find solutions to the wicked problem of access vs quality and “inclusiveness vs excellence” debate in higher education (HE).Design/methodology/approachThis theoretical paper builds upon institutional theory and resource dependency theory to, first, analyse access vs quality debate and, second, provide answers to the undesirable and at times conflicting “trilemma” of scale, cost and quality in HEIs. To achieve the second objective, the paper offers a different perspective to address trilemma by proposing a synergistic coexistence between inclusiveness and excellence through “transformative” quality and learning theory.Findings“Transformative” quality uses reframing the problem, appraising culture and quality concepts, and eventually develops transformative interventions in access providing HEIs to improve their quality and enhance inclusiveness. Inclusiveness in HEIs needs to be addressed through the investigation of specific hypotheses, for which a closer examination of factors impacting the quality of access providing HEIs has been conducted. The goal is to facilitate a perfect mélange of inclusiveness and excellence in HE and, thus, create a new learning environment.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper contributes towards the access vs quality debate through transformative quality by developing transformative interventions and investigating factors affecting quality in HE.Practical implicationsThe contribution has several policy, managerial and governance implications. Addressing these implications will enable the promotion of the third mission of HE, that is, to develop graduates who meaningfully engage with the society and their profession.Originality/valueQuality and inclusiveness is a serious global problem requiring immediate attention and rigorous theory-informed frameworks. Through the investigation of specific factors and proposing meaningful interventions, this paper identifies the need to study a critical issue having global implications and investigates how it can be resolved.

Factors affecting quality of management education in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritika Mahajan ◽  
Rajat Agrawal ◽  
Vinay Sharma ◽  
Vinay Nangia
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Master Of Business Administration ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Business Administration Students ◽  
Education In India ◽  
Almost All

Purpose – The purpose and value of management education was always under the critics’ scanner but the proliferation of institutes impelled a serious debate on its quality. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors affecting quality of management education in India and explains their nature, significance and mutual influences using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). Design/methodology/approach – The factors were listed through literature review. They were then validated by empirical research conducted through questionnaires administered electronically and personally to 220 master of business administration students and alumni. On 13 such factors finalised, a qualitative and interpretive tool, ISM was applied. Findings – Leadership emerged as the most important factor followed by organisational structure and practices. Interrelations otherwise not easily observable established their prominence. An important fact that evolved is that almost all the factors have strong interdependence and have to be seen in coherence when analysing their impact on students. Originality/value – The literature until now has been highlighting the factors and their association with management education largely in isolation. This paper contributes to the existing literature by proposing a framework of the interrelationships of the factors which have a role in improving the quality of management education.

Investigation on the relationship between bending angle of the overhanging surface and overhanging surface quality printed using selective laser melting

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weipeng Duan ◽  
Jitai Han ◽  
Qingfneg Xia ◽  
Keqing Wang ◽  
Meiping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Molten Pool ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bending Angles

Purpose With the increasing demand for lightweight parts, the quality of the inner structure gained growing attention from different kinds of fields. As the quality of the overhanging surface was one of the most important factors affecting inner structure formation, its quality still needs to improve. This paper aims to clarify the change of the overhanging surface quality caused by different bending angles. Design/methodology/approach The structure of the inner hole was redesigned according to the different performances of the overhanging and side inner surface. The experimental results revealed why different surface qualities can be seen under different bending angles. According to the experimental data, the inner structure was redesigned to increase its overall performance. Findings The results revealed that when the bending angle was small, the slope of the overhanging surface increased which lead to the decreasing length of the powder-supported layer. However, less space on bending angle resulted in the accumulation of unmelted powder which leads to the increasing of sinking distance. When the bending angle was too large, the slope of the overhanging surface decreased and the length of the molten pool which was supported by powder increased. It resulted in the sinking of the molten pool caused by the gravity of powder and its attachment. Originality/value This paper is the first work to study the relationship between bending angle and overhanging surface quality as far as the authors know. The different performances of left and right overhanging surfaces also have not been revealed in other research studies to the best of the knowledge.

Examining the factor structure of quality of technical education: evidence from Punjab state of India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Pooja Choudhary ◽  
Anees Ahmad ◽  
Swapnarag Swain ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
The Government

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the quality of technical education in a developing nation, India.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were 465 students and 310 faculty members who were randomly chosen from a total of 31 institutions/colleges/universities providing engineering education in Punjab state of India. The factor structures were obtained by applying factor analysis.FindingsThe result of this research reveals ten factors determining the quality of technical education, such as teaching practices, infrastructural facilities, industry–institute linkage, faculty's qualification, reputation of the institute, procedural simplification, administrative staff services, access and equity, financial burden of the course and work culture. Moreover, the research results also reveal eight factors affecting the quality of technical education, namely, institutional standards, institutional support, teaching environment, teaching practices, performance-linked promotion, work culture, academic freedom and administrative services in this order of preference are essential for the delivery of quality in technical education.Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to examine the factor structure of technical education quality from both the perspectives of students and faculty. The implications of this study are expected to help the management of technical education institutes, regulatory agencies and the government in devising strategies to enhance the quality of technical education in India.

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