The influence of research and development policy: the case of Estonia in the EU

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janno Reiljan ◽  
Ingra Paltser
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Socioeconomic Environment ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Eu

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the international position of Estonia among the member states of the EU and countries closely associated with the EU, from the perspective of the effect of research and development (R & D) policy on innovation activities in the business sector. Design/methodology/approach – Based on existing scientific research literature on the relationships between R & D policy and business sector R & D activities and innovation performance, a set of indicators describing R & D policy measures was created for the business sector. Using principal component analysis (PCA) method, independent robust dimensions of R & D policy were brought out. After eliminating the problem of multicollinearity in R & D policy indicators, robust multiple regression models were conducted to present a comprehensive empirical description of the shaping of business sector R & D and innovation activities in the sample of investigated countries. Findings – Based on the literature, the influences of R & D policy measures on business sector R & D activities and innovation performance were systemised; public R & D policy dimensions were empirically defined; the intensity of R & D policy influence on business sector R & D activities was estimated; the differences between real and prognostic values of business sector performance indicators in Estonia were calculated in order to characterise the efficiency of Estonian R & D policy and the influence of the socioeconomic environment. Research limitations/implications – The lack of comparable data describing R & D policy and R & D activities and innovation performance in the business sector limits the comprehensiveness of the analysis (i.e. the number of analysed indicators). Practical implications – The assessment and comparative analysis of the influence of R & D policy components on business sector R & D activities and innovation performance in different countries makes it possible to identify directions for increasing the efficiency of R & D policy under the specific influence of the socioeconomic environment, especially in new member states of the EU. Originality/value – Using the PCA method significantly increased the robustness of the macro-quantitative description of R & D policy dimensions. By combining the set of new synthetic R & D policy indicators created by the PCA with the multiple regression analysis method, a significant increase in the robustness of model coefficients (i.e. the assessments of influence intensity) was achieved. These robust models create the basis for reliable empirical assessment of the influence of R & D policy and a comparative analysis of the results.

Innovation-Led Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 467-491
Author(s):  
Ivana Domljan ◽  
Vjekoslav Domljan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
African Union ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Production ◽  
Policy Measures

An effective innovation system provides rules and procedures that nurture ideas, research, and increase in knowledge, resulting in new goods/services, new production or organisational processes, or new marketing techniques, and hence is a major source of technological progress does not exist in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In order for Bosnia and Herzegovina to increase and strengthen the commercialization of research and innovativeness of companies, it is necessary to (1) increase investments in R&D at least to the norm of the African Union (1% of GDP), as the European Union norm (3% of GDP) is too high, and (2) design and implement policy measures aimed at stimulating the research and development capacities of the business sector (through tax incentives for staff and capital engagement) to strengthen the activities of commercialization of research and development and links between universities and business companies (e.g., to establish a program for the establishment of technology and innovation centres [one per region]).

scholarly journals The Importance of R&D and Innovation in Development; The Case of Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Fırat ◽  
Zeynep Karaçor ◽  
Serdar Altınok
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
World Order ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Conceptions Of Learning ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Technology And Learning ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Creative Forces

There are many different ways for the development of a country. Some countries are enriched with intensive industries and some with natural resources. Countries should have creative forces and ideas to develop besides the natural resources and hardware. With the globalized world order, countries will be able to develop depending on R & D and innovation. In recent years, the necessity of research and development and innovation has been emphasized and accordingly, the importance of conceptions of learning, research, creativity and innovation has increased for realization of the development. Today with accelerated globalization, both companies and countries have been forced to adopt policies based on technological innovation and provided information and competitive advantage to adapt to change. As a result of policies of the country, the increase in innovation performance has contributed to the development. Information, technology and learning processes have been effective in improving their innovation performance. In this study, Turkey's regional R & D and innovation activities are evaluated and the importance of innovation and research and development activities for development are highlighted. Consequently, R & D and innovation projects contribute to the improvement and development of Turkey, thereby enabling effective and efficient use of sources. The results demonstrate that there is an increase in R & D and innovation activities, but not sufficiently in recent years in Turkey and in this regard there should be more steps for public and private sectors.

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SME STANDARDS IN THE EU AND GEORGIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Natia Kurdgelia
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Annual Balance ◽  
Annual Turnover ◽  
The Eu

There are different attitudes towards small business definition. Basically, the laws of the countries are based on the criteria on the basis of which this or that enterprise belongs to the small business sector. However, in EU countries, small and medium enterprises are considered as small businesses and they are considered in one context. The concept of small and medium business combines number of employees, annual turnover and annual balance. The official definition of small and medium enterprises in Georgia is partially in line with EU standards. The concepts of small business and micro business are established only in terms of tax policy, while in institutional and quantitative or qualitative terms its definition is not officially definite.

Knowledge sharing in the construction supply chain: collaborative innovation activities and BIM application on innovation performance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Shi ◽  
Qiankun Wang ◽  
Zeng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Collaborative Innovation ◽  
Tacit Knowledge Sharing

PurposeThis paper aimed to examine the role of knowledge sharing among member enterprises between collaborative innovation activities and innovation performance and between building information modeling (BIM) application and innovation performance in the construction supply chain.Design/methodology/approachThe structural equation model was used in this study. First, the hypothesis of the relationship between collaborative innovation activities, BIM application, knowledge sharing and innovation performance in the construction supply chain was proposed based on experience; then, the research data were collected by investigation; finally, this hypothesis was tested through data analysis.Findings(1) Collaborative innovation activities in the construction supply chain had a positive impact on explicit knowledge sharing, tacit knowledge sharing and innovation performance. (2) BIM application had a positive impact on explicit knowledge sharing and innovation performance, while it had no significant impact on tacit knowledge sharing. (3) Explicit knowledge sharing had no positive effect on innovation performance, while tacit knowledge sharing had positive effect on organizational performance. (4) Tacit knowledge sharing produced partial mediating effect between collaborative innovation activities, BIM application and innovation performance, while explicit knowledge sharing produced complete mediating effect between BIM application and tacit knowledge sharing.Originality/valueA relationship model among collaborative innovation activities, BIM application, explicit and tacit knowledge sharing and innovation performance in the construction supply chain was proposed, and the rationality of the model was verified by empirical analysis. Discovering the relationships between these factors can be not only conducive to mastering the effect of explicit and tacit knowledge sharing in the collaborative innovation process of construction supply chain, but also play a guiding role for the function development of BIM.

Transformation of firm innovation activities into brand effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim Zameer ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Humaira Yasmeen
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Brand Preference ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Brand Effect ◽  
The Way

Purpose Brand effect is an important source of innovation performance, but rarely any study in the past has paid attention to explore the way firm innovation activities transform into brand effect. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how firm innovation activities transform into brand effect. Design/methodology/approach A set of hypothesis has been developed to show the relationships among firm innovation activities, brand prototype, brand preference and brand recommendation. The online survey method was used for data collection. In total, 546 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The study used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling technique to test the hypothesis. Findings Results indicate that brand prototype leads the process of cognitive processing from innovation activities’ perception to brand preference and recommendation. The consumer perception of process innovation, marketing innovation, product innovation and the store environment have direct impact on brand prototype that further influences product sophistication, brand preference and brand recommendation. But, the most powerful influence is on brand preference. Moreover, product sophistication–attribute-specific brand knowledge has direct impact on brand preference and indirect impact on the brand recommendation. The whole process from brand prototype to brand preference and brand recommendation mainly reflects the strength of the brand effect formation. Practical implications This study provides useful managerial insights so that firms can learn the way to maximize brand effect through the management of innovation perception and cultivation of innovation soft capability to enhance innovation performance. Originality/value This study unfolds the transformation of firm innovation activities into brand effect that provides a new theoretical explanation and a holistic framework for the source of innovation performance.

scholarly journals State aid, EU maritime transport policies and competitiveness of EU country fleets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Bilbao-Ubillos ◽  
Ana Fernández-Sainz ◽  
Rosa Payán-Azkue
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Maritime Policy ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Aim and purposes This study conducts an across-the-board comparative analysis of the impact of the main measures used by the 10 leading maritime nations of the EU on the relative competitiveness of the fleets that they control, covering the period from 1996 to 2011. We propose two models to compare the relative effectiveness of the maritime policy measures implemented: one for the full set of countries and measures and the other specifically for each maritime nation. Findings The estimation results make us conclude that generally the measures adopted in national-level maritime policies (tonnage tax, second register and other measures) seem to have been effective in that they have had a positive effect on the competitiveness of controlled fleets, but with uneven impact on the fleets of each country.

scholarly journals Different Approaches to Managing Innovation Activities: An Analysis of Strong, Moderate, and Modest Innovators

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Prokop ◽  
Jan Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Community Innovation Survey ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Microeconomic Analysis ◽  
The Eu

In the present day, innovation has become a key element of competitive advantage. However, most countries are failing in their innovative activities, and their innovative performance is below that of the EU average. Therefore, the European Commission annually publishes its Innovation Union Scoreboard, which provides a comparative assessment of the EU member states’ research and innovation performance. The countries are divided into four groups according to their innovation performance: innovation leaders, strong innovators, moderate innovators, and modest innovators. In this paper, we have selected countries whose innovation performance was close to, below, or well below that of the EU average in 2015, and we have performed microeconomic analysis of the situation in these countries’ firms to analyze the conditions of their innovation environment and uncover barriers to their innovation activities. We analyzed firms in the manufacturing industries in Slovenia (a strong innovator), Croatia (a moderate innovator), and Romania (a modest innovator) by using original multiple regression models and data from the 2010–2012 Community Innovation Survey. The results demonstrate the different backgrounds for innovation in each country. In Romania, there is a lack of both a satisfactory environment for innovation and sufficient capacity for absorbing public funds; investment into innovation-related activities is also absent. In Croatia, the innovation potential has not been fully exploited. However, we show that the appropriate targeting of innovation determinants (e.g., collaboration with different partners or public financing) could lead to the creation of synergies and spillover effects that would be able to support their innovative activities and strengthen the country’s competitiveness. There is a completely different situation in Slovenia. Firms there effectively utilize the various determinants of innovation activities, and these determinants have strong influence when utilized on their own. On the other hand, results also show that certain significant combinations of determinants of innovation activities are missing in Slovenia. In conclusion, we have proposed practical implications for policy makers that would be able to support innovative activities and help each country to improve its innovation ranking.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.28.1.16111

scholarly journals R&D alliance partner attributes and innovation performance: a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Ferrigno ◽  
Giovanni Battista Dagnino ◽  
Nadia Di Paola
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alliance Partner ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Telecom Industry ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Drawing upon the importance of research and development (R&D) alliances in driving firm innovation performance, extant research has analyzed individually the impact of R&D alliance partner attributes on firm innovation performance. Despite such analyzes, research has generally underestimated the configurations of partner attributes leading to firm innovation performance. This research gap is interesting to explore, as firms involved in R&D alliances usually face a combination of partner attributes. Moreover, gaining a better understanding of how R&D partner attributes tie into configurations is an issue that is attracting particular interest in coopetition research and alliance literature. This paper aims to obtain a better knowledge of this underrated, but important, aspect of alliances by exploring what configurations of R&D alliance partner attributes lead firms involved in R&D alliances to achieve high innovation performance. To tackle this question, first, this study reviews the extant literature on R&D alliances by relying on the knowledge-based view of alliances to identify the most impactful partner attributes on firms’ innovation performance. This paper then applies a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the configurations of R&D alliance partner attributes that lead firms involved in R&D alliances to achieve high innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach This study selects 27 R&D alliances formed worldwide in the telecom industry. This paper explores the multiple configurations of partner attributes of these alliances by conducting a fsQCA. Findings The findings of the fsQCA show that the two alternate configurations of partner attributes guided the firms involved in these alliances to achieve high innovation performance: a configuration with extensive partner technological relatedness and coopetition, but no experience; and a configuration with extensive partner experience and competition, but no technological relatedness. Research limitations/implications The research highlights the importance of how partner attributes (i.e. partner technological relatedness, partner competitive overlap, partner experience and partner relative size) tie, with regard to the firms’ access to external knowledge and consequently to their willingness to achieve high innovation performance. Moreover, this paper reveals the beneficial effect of competition on the innovation performance of the firms involved in R&D alliances when some of the other knowledge-based partner attributes are considered. Despite these insights for alliance and coopetition literature, some limitations are to be noted. First, some of the partners’ attributes considered could be further disentangled into sub-partner attributes. Second, other indicators might be used to measure firms’ innovation performance. Third, as anticipated this study applies fsQCA to explore the combinatory effects of partner attributes in the specific context of R&D alliances in the telecom industry worldwide and in a specific time window. This condition may question the extensibility of the results to other industries and times. Practical implications This study also bears two interesting implications for alliance managers. First, the paper suggests that R&D alliance managers need to be aware that potential alliance partners have multiple attributes leading to firm innovation performance. In this regard, partner competitive overlap is particularly important for gaining a better understanding of firm innovation performance. When looking for strategic partners, managers should try to ally with highly competitive enterprises so as to access their more innovative knowledge. Second, the results also highlight that this beneficial effect of coopetition in R&D alliances can be amplified in two ways. On the one hand, when the partners involved in the alliance have not yet developed experience in forming alliances. Partners without previous experience supply ideal stimuli to unlock more knowledge in the alliance because new approaches to access and develop knowledge in the alliance could be explored. On the other hand, this paper detects the situation when the allied partners are developing technologies and products in different areas. When partnering with firms coming from different technological areas, the knowledge diversity that can be leveraged in the alliances could drive alliance managers to generate synergies and economies of scope within the coopetitive alliance. Originality/value Extant research has analyzed individually the impact of R&D alliance partner attributes on firm innovation performance but has concurrently underestimated the configurations of partner attributes leading to firm innovation performance. Therefore, this paper differs from previous studies, as it provides an understanding of the specific configurations of R&D alliance partner attributes leading firms involved in R&D alliances to achieve high innovation performance.

scholarly journals Business Sector Innovation and Economic Growth a Comparative Analysis Between EU Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Cláudia Caseiro ◽  
Marta C. N. Simões
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Innovation Indicators ◽  
Group 1

This paper examines the relationship between innovation carried out by the business sector and economic growth in the 28 member states of the European Union, divided into two groups (1 and 2) according to their innovation performance. We use fixed effects panel data methods to test the hypothesis that business sector innovation plays a relevant role in explaining the behaviour of real GDP per capita, estimating two growth regressions according to data availability (1990-2015 and 2008-2015; unrestricted/restricted sample). The results indicate that the role of business sector innovation in economic growth not only varies according to the sample of countries and the period under analysis, but also the proxy for innovation used. In group 1 (above average innovation performance) the innovation indicators statistically significant in explaining growth also present a positive sign (with a few exceptions). In group 2 (below average innovation performance) on the other hand, the statistically significant business sector innovation indicators present a negative sign. One possible justification for these signs are differences in absorptive capacity, so that the growth benefits of innovation activities depend on aspects such as human capital availability, accumulated knowledge, technological and financial support. Since group 1 includes countries with higher absorptive capacity, business sector innovation is effectively translated into faster economic growth. In group 2, innovation activities do not translate into productivity increases due to a lack of absorptive capacity. Additionally, resources used in innovation activities might compete with other activities more relevant in terms of the stage of the growth process these countries are in so that innovation saps growth.

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