An investigation of benchmark image collections: how different from digital libraries?

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingye Qu ◽  
Jiangping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Image Organization

Purpose This paper aims to introduce the construction methods, image organization, collection use and access of benchmark image collections to the digital library (DL) community. It aims to connect two distinct communities: the DL community and image processing researchers so that future image collections could be better constructed, organized and managed for both human and computer use. Design/methodology/approach Image collections are first identified through an extensive literature review of published journal articles and a web search. Then, a coding scheme focusing on image collections’ creation, organization, access and use is developed. Next, three major benchmark image collections are analysed based on the proposed coding scheme. Finally, the characteristics of benchmark image collections are summarized and compared to DLs. Findings Although most of the image collections in DLs are carefully curated and organized using various metadata schema based on an image’s external features to facilitate human use, the benchmark image collections created for promoting image processing algorithms are annotated on an image’s content to the pixel level, which makes each image collection a more fine-grained, organized database appropriate for developing automatic techniques on classification summarization, visualization and content-based retrieval. Research limitations/implications This paper overviews image collections by their application fields. The three most representative natural image collections in general areas are analysed in detail based on a homemade coding scheme, which could be further extended. Also, domain-specific image collections, such as medical image collections or collections for scientific purposes, are not covered. Practical implications This paper helps DLs with image collections to understand how benchmark image collections used by current image processing research are created, organized and managed. It informs multiple parties pertinent to image collections to collaborate on building, sustaining, enriching and providing access to image collections. Originality/value This paper is the first attempt to review and summarize benchmark image collections for DL managers and developers. The collection creation process and image organization used in these benchmark image collections open a new perspective to digital librarians for their future DL collection development.

A framework for designing retrieval effectiveness studies of library information systems using human relevance assessments

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Behnert ◽  
Dirk Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Public Access ◽  
First Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modern Library ◽  
Retrieval Effectiveness ◽  
Effectiveness Studies ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how to apply traditional information retrieval (IR) evaluation methods based on standards from the Text REtrieval Conference and web search evaluation to all types of modern library information systems (LISs) including online public access catalogues, discovery systems, and digital libraries that provide web search features to gather information from heterogeneous sources. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply conventional procedures from IR evaluation to the LIS context considering the specific characteristics of modern library materials. Findings The authors introduce a framework consisting of five parts: search queries, search results, assessors, testing, and data analysis. The authors show how to deal with comparability problems resulting from diverse document types, e.g., electronic articles vs printed monographs and what issues need to be considered for retrieval tests in the library context. Practical implications The framework can be used as a guideline for conducting retrieval effectiveness studies in the library context. Originality/value Although a considerable amount of research has been done on IR evaluation, and standards for conducting retrieval effectiveness studies do exist, to the authors’ knowledge this is the first attempt to provide a systematic framework for evaluating the retrieval effectiveness of twenty-first-century LISs. The authors demonstrate which issues must be considered and what decisions must be made by researchers prior to a retrieval test.

Design criteria for video digital libraries

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Albertson ◽  
Boryung Ju
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Interactive Tools ◽  
Coding Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
Study Participants

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on a user-centred analysis of video digital libraries and to present users’ criteria based on concepts emerging directly from the responses of study participants. As a time-based and multi-channeled format, video warrants considerations for information delivery through interactive tools such as digital libraries. Design/methodology/approach – A survey method was used to collect open-ended responses from participants. Content analysis was performed on the responses, and categories then emerged to form the coding scheme where simple and weighted frequencies were calculated to obtain a ranked set of users’ criteria. Cohen’s κ was 0.87, indicative of high-level of inter-coder reliability. In the end, 81 participants contributed a total of 385 open-ended responses, which were all then analysed and coded. Findings – The emergent coding method and continuous refinements to the coding scheme ultimately produced 28 criteria (subcategories) under four primary categories. Criteria corresponding to “retrieval functionality” of video digital libraries emerged as the highest, or most frequently referenced, primary category, while the “user interface”, “collection qualities”, and “user support” followed, respectively. Research limitations/implications – The primary research contribution is a baseline for video digital libraries that can be applicable throughout design and evaluation. Future studies can utilise findings presented here as guidance for the initial design stages and/or for assessing systems via targeted evaluations. Originality/value – While users’ criteria of digital libraries have been analysed from non-visual contexts, they have not been directly assessed as they pertain to users’ experiences and perceptions with video, which is needed as the nature and structure of video can influence users and use.

Time-aware query suggestion diversification for temporally ambiguous queries

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-744
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Zhang ◽  
Xixi Jiang ◽  
Jiewen Qin
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Web Search ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Query Suggestion ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Query Log ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Time Aware

Purpose The purpose of this study is to generate diversified results for temporally ambiguous queries and the candidate queries are ensured to have a high coverage of subtopics, which are derived from different temporal periods. Design/methodology/approach Two novel time-aware query suggestion diversification models are developed by integrating semantics and temporality information involved in queries into two state-of-the-art explicit diversification algorithms (i.e. IA-select and xQuaD), respectively, and then specifying the components on which these two models rely on. Most importantly, first explored is how to explicitly determine query subtopics for each unique query from the query log or clicked documents and then modeling the subtopics into query suggestion diversification. The discussion on how to mine temporal intent behind a query from query log is also followed. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the proposal, experiments on a real-world query log are conducted. Findings Preliminary experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly outperform the existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of producing the candidate query suggestion for temporally ambiguous queries. Originality/value This study reports the first attempt to generate query suggestions indicating diverse interested time points to the temporally ambiguous (input) queries. The research will be useful in enhancing users’ search experience through helping them to formulate accurate queries for their search tasks. In addition, the approaches investigated in the paper are general enough to be used in many domains; that is, experimental information retrieval systems, Web search engines, document archives and digital libraries.

General contractors’ experience using off-site structural framing systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-63
Author(s):  
John Killingsworth ◽  
Mohammed Hashem Mehany ◽  
Hana Ladhari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Project Schedule ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
General Contractors ◽  
Expected Benefits

Purpose This paper aims to examine general contractors’ experiences of using off-site manufactured structural framing systems. This engaged a single-case study using a qualitative methodology to identify expected benefits, actual benefits and challenges of such systems. Design/methodology/approach A single-case study approach evaluated general contractors’ experience of using a manufactured structural framing system. Qualitative data were collated and analyzed from industry domain experts to determine commonalities and thematic thinking. Findings The study revealed that the reasons behind considering off-site building systems were: accelerating the project schedule, overcoming site constraints and having a better end-product. The top expected benefits were: saving time (schedule), saving cost and improving quality. The top actual observed benefits were: saving erection time, reducing waste generation, reducing project costs, reducing safety risks and improving construction site logistics. The main challenges encountered were: unfamiliarity of different project parties with the off-site framing system, difficulty with reducing the overall project schedule, heavy site logistics and complicated off-site system design and standards requirements. The findings include solutions to overcome the challenges associated with using a manufactured structural system. Research limitations/implications This paper was a case study and therefore inherently limited in its generalizability. The study was conducted with general contractors in the mountain-west region of the USA. However, the implications of the study may have a broad application, as contractors across the globe seek to find similar solutions to using off-site or manufactured construction methods. Practical implications Construction labor shortages around the world are forcing the construction industry to find creative solutions to meet the demand for their services. Manufactured or off-site construction methods provide a possible solution to that labor shortage. However, builders need to be aware of the immediate challenges and actual benefits of using a manufactured structural framing system. Social implications Manufactured structural framing systems have the potential to impact lean and sustainable practices in construction. Reduced waste, reduced on-site man-power requirements, reduced construction schedules and reduced injuries each improve the lives of construction workers and the communities around these buildings. Originality/value An extensive literature review was performed to guide the design of this case study. Much has been written about off-site construction practices, but there is a significant research gap on the topic of structural framing systems. This study contributes to expanding the knowledge of off-site construction and specifically helps researchers and practitioners understand the challenges and benefits of this systematic approach to construction.

A brief history of small business in Australia, 1970-2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Schaper
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
History Of ◽  
Training And Research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the development of the SME sector in Australia, concentrating on a number of key areas: small business definitions and numbers; the role of government; the emergence of key industry groups; and the evolution of education, training and research services. Design/methodology/approach – The study is a result of extensive literature reviews, desk research and the recollections of various participants in the field. Findings – There have been major changes to the Australian small business sector over the last 40 years. In 1983-1984 there were an estimated 550,000 small firms, and by 2010 this had grown to almost two million. Government involvement in, and support for, SMEs was virtually non-existent before 1970. Following the delivery of the Wiltshire report (1971), however, both state and federal governments responded by developing specialist advisory services, funding programmes and other support tools. Virtually non-existent before the 1970s, several peak industry associations were formed between 1977 and the 1990s. At the same time, formal education and teaching in the area expanded in the 1970s and 1980s and is now widespread. Practical implications – Development of the small business sector in Australia has often paralleled similar trends in other OECD nations. State and territory governments have often (but not always) been the principal drivers of policy change. Originality/value – There has been no little, if any, prior documentation of the evolution of the small business sector in Australia in the last 40 years.

An empirical investigation of tourist’s choice of service delivery options

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1892-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Kaushik ◽  
Zillur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Delivery Options

Purpose This paper aims to offer and examine a conceptual model of tourist innovativeness toward self-service technologies (SSTs) to confirm whether tourists prefer service delivery by SSTs over employees in an offline hospitality environment. Design/methodology/approach Tourists’ perceived usefulness (PU) of SSTs and need for interaction (NI) with service employees have been taken as crucial mediating variables to examine the effects of perceived ease of use and technology readiness index personality dimensions toward SST and employee-based service adoption. Findings Findings reveal that both “NI” and “PU” play significant roles in Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model (TRAM) when tourists select one of two service delivery options – SSTs and service employees. Research limitations/implications The foremost limitation of the study is its dependence on domestic tourist samples. However, such samples were chosen because tourists comprising these samples tend to use similar service delivery options more, in turn increasing their use of SSTs available in sample hotels. Practical implications The study gives a deeper understanding of TRAM with an extremely crucial mediating variable (NI) in an offline service context. It also provides useful insights to service providers and policy makers for developing new strategies and policies to enhance user experience. Social implications This study recommends the usage of numerous SSTs by tourists. Originality/value During extensive literature review carried out in this research, no study was found that proposed such an effective framework in an offline service context.

Mapping the landscape of computer-assisted language learning: an inventory of research

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antigoni Parmaxi ◽  
Panayiotis Zaphiris ◽  
Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous ◽  
Andri Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computer Assisted Language Learning ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Sorting Technique ◽  
Version 2.0

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to chart the development in computer-assisted language learning (CALL), by building a map of existing research work in the field. Based on a corpus of 163 manuscripts, published between January 2009 and September 2010 in four major journals devoted to CALL, it sets out to describe the range of topics covered under the umbrella of CALL and provide a holistic view of the field. Design/methodology/approach – The approach adopted in this research includes: development of the 2009-2010 CALL corpus; literature overview and initial coding scheme development; refinement of the initial coding scheme with the help of a focus group and construction of the CALL map version 1.0; refinement of the CALL map version 1.0 following a systematic approach of content analysis and development of the CALL map version 2.0; evaluation of the proposed structure and inclusiveness of all categories in the CALL map version 2.0 using card sorting technique; and finally development of the CALL map version 3.0. Findings – The research trends in the categories of the CALL map are discussed, as well as possible future directions in the field. Originality/value – This paper provides a holistic view of the field of CALL guiding both junior CALL researchers to place themselves in the field, and policy and decision makers who attempt to evaluate the current and future scholar activity in the field. Finally, it caters for more experienced researchers to focus on certain underinvestigated domains.

Knowledge management

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Shokri-Ghasabeh ◽  
Nicholas Chileshe
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Research Study ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Methodological Triangulation

Purpose – A research study has been undertaken at the University of South Australia to introduce application of lessons learned process in construction contractors ' bidding process in the context of knowledge management. The study aims to identify barriers to effectively capture lessons learned in Australian construction industry and how knowledge management can benefit from lessons learned application. Design/methodology/approach – The research study has been undertaken through conducting a “methodological triangulation” and “interdisciplinary triangulation”. This involved an extensive literature review of knowledge management, organisation learning, lessons learned and associated processes and administration of a questionnaire to a sample of construction contractors operating in Australia to elicit opinions on the main barriers to capturing lessons learned, practices such as existence and retention of documentation procedures. A total of 81 useable responses were received from 450 organisations. Response data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics with correlation analysis to examine the strength of relationship among the barriers. Findings – The top-3 barriers to the effective capturing of lessons learned were “lack of employee time”, “lack of resources” and “lack of clear guidelines”, whereas, “lack of management support” was the least ranked barrier. The study established that despite the majority of the ACCs having formal procedures for recording the tenders submitted and their outcomes, only a minority actually retained the lessons learned documentation for each project. The larger contractors were found to be more aware of the importance of lessons learned documentation. A comparative analysis with previous studies also found a disparity in the ranking of the barriers. Research limitations/implications – The majority of the participants were small construction contractors in Australia. The reason is that the researchers were not aware of the contractors ' size prior to inviting them for participation in the research study. Second the findings may not generalize to other industries or to organisations operating in other countries. Originality/value – The findings of this survey help ACCs to understand the importance of lessons learned documentation as part of lessons learned implementation and identify the barriers to effectively document their lessons learned. The study provides insights on the barriers and proposes advocated solutions in form of drivers and enablers (critical success factors) of organisational learning capturing among the Australian construction contractors. By reviewing the current literature, “post-project reviews” and “lessons learned” as important elements of organisation learning knowledge transfer, are addressed. Finally, contribution of this study to knowledge and practice has been discussed in this paper.

Image Denoising via Bayesian Estimation of Statistical Parameter Using Generalized Gamma Density Prior in Gaussian Noise Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550017
Author(s):  
Pichid Kittisuwan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Denoising ◽  
Gaussian Noise ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
Statistical Parameter ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Bayesian Techniques ◽  
Generalized Gamma ◽  
Gamma Density

The application of image processing in industry has shown remarkable success over the last decade, for example, in security and telecommunication systems. The denoising of natural image corrupted by Gaussian noise is a classical problem in image processing. So, image denoising is an indispensable step during image processing. This paper is concerned with dual-tree complex wavelet-based image denoising using Bayesian techniques. One of the cruxes of the Bayesian image denoising algorithms is to estimate the statistical parameter of the image. Here, we employ maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation to calculate local observed variance with generalized Gamma density prior for local observed variance and Laplacian or Gaussian distribution for noisy wavelet coefficients. Evidently, our selection of prior distribution is motivated by efficient and flexible properties of generalized Gamma density. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields good denoising results.

RNN-based multispectral satellite image processing for remote sensing applications

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Dasu Marri ◽  
Veera Narayana Reddy P. ◽  
Chandra Mohan Reddy S.
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Multispectral Image ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Colliding Bodies Optimization ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Remote Sensing Applications

Purpose Image classification is a fundamental form of digital image processing in which pixels are labeled into one of the object classes present in the image. Multispectral image classification is a challenging task due to complexities associated with the images captured by satellites. Accurate image classification is highly essential in remote sensing applications. However, existing machine learning and deep learning–based classification methods could not provide desired accuracy. The purpose of this paper is to classify the objects in the satellite image with greater accuracy. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a deep learning-based automated method for classifying multispectral images. The central issue of this work is that data sets collected from public databases are first divided into a number of patches and their features are extracted. The features extracted from patches are then concatenated before a classification method is used to classify the objects in the image. Findings The performance of proposed modified velocity-based colliding bodies optimization method is compared with existing methods in terms of type-1 measures such as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, net present value, F1 Score and Matthews correlation coefficient and type 2 measures such as false discovery rate and false positive rate. The statistical results obtained from the proposed method show better performance than existing methods. Originality/value In this work, multispectral image classification accuracy is improved with an optimization algorithm called modified velocity-based colliding bodies optimization.

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