School health is community health: school nursing in the early twentieth century in the USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-149
Author(s):  
Rima D. Apple
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
School Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
School Nursing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Historical Essay ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of school nursing in the USA in the early decades of the twentieth century, highlighting the linkages between schools and public health and the challenges nurses faced. Design/methodology/approach This historical essay examines the discussions about school nursing and school nurses’ descriptions of their work. Findings In the Progressive period, though the responsibilities of school nurse were never clearly defined, nurses quickly became accepted, respected members of the school, with few objecting to their practices. Nonetheless, nurses consistently faced financial complications that limited, and continue to limit, their effectiveness in schools and communities. Originality/value Few histories of school health have documented the critical role nurses have played and their important, although contested, position today. This paper points to the obstacles restricting the development of dynamic school nurse programs today.

School Nurse Summer Institute: A Model for Professional Development

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Neighbors ◽  
Kathleen Barta
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
School Health ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
School Nursing ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Nursing Educators ◽  
Professional Development Model ◽  
Leadership Components

The components of a professional development model designed to empower school nurses to become leaders in school health services is described. The model was implemented during a 3-day professional development institute that included clinical and leadership components, especially coalition building, with two follow-up sessions in the fall and spring. Coalition building is an important tool to enhance the influence of the school nurse in improving the health of individuals, families, and communities. School nurses and nursing educators with expertise in the specialty of school nursing could replicate this model in their own regions.

PMI: mortgage backstop from the Alger Report to Dodd-Frank

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Adolph Neidermeyer ◽  
Naomi E. Boyd ◽  
Presha Neidermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
Historical Role

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical perspective and going-forward assessment of the importance of private mortgage insurance (PMI) entities in the residential-lending landscape in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – Financial data from the PMI entities and federal income tax data were analyzed to comment on the importance of the PMI entities in the historical and current mortgage-lending environment. Findings – PMI entities played a critical role in expanding the population of mortgage candidates for financial institutions. Through the guarantees offered by PMI entities, financial institutions granted loans to individuals who otherwise would not have qualified for mortgages. Originality/value – No prior research has assessed the overall historical role played by these primary PMI entities.

scholarly journals Charting relationship marketing practice: it really didn’t emerge in the 1970s

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tadajewski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a history of relational perspectives in marketing practice from the nineteenth through to the twentieth century. Design/methodology/approach – This paper engages in a systematic reading of published histories of retailing practice using the key attributes of transaction and relationship marketing as a conceptual framework to interrogate whether earlier practitioners were committed to either approach. Findings – This paper supplements the studies conducted in other domains that undermine the idea that relational practices were rejected in favor of transaction-type approaches during the industrialization of the USA and Canada. Practical implications – The content of this paper provides textbook authors with a means to fundamentally revise the way they discuss relationship marketing. It has a similar pedagogic utility. Originality/value – This paper studies the writings of practitioners known to be pioneers of retailing to unravel their business philosophies, comparing and contrasting these to known attributes of relationship marketing. It deals with an historical period that has not previously been studied in this level of detail by marketing historians.

Forgotten classics: The Business Guide by James L. Nichols (1894)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-584
Author(s):  
Darryl W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Business Education ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Product Management ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing History ◽  
Recent Treatment ◽  
The Usa ◽  
North Western

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review a popular business handbook – The Business Guide – by James L. Nichols, first published around the turn of the twentieth century. The analysis is geared toward determining how it fits within the development of marketing thought and education. Design/methodology/approach A review of the marketing history literature focusing on marketing thought, education and practice around the turn of the twentieth century is conducted. The content of The Business Guide is analyzed and compared with the themes reflected in the literature review. Findings Most editions appeared in the era just proceeding the emergence of marketing as distinct discipline. It is unlikely that it had any appreciable influence on the development of marketing thought. However, it was used as a textbook at North-Western College in Naperville, IL, and may have been at other early business education programs in the USA and Canada. Nichols’ treatment of marketing topics was consistent with the era. It reflected commodities and functional views. For him, marketing was primarily distribution along with advertising, pricing, product management and credit. Consistent with modern marketing philosophy, Nichols placed heavy emphasis on ethics. Originality/value Despite the fact that this book was published in multiple editions over several decades, it seems to have been largely forgotten. As far as is known, this paper is the only recent treatment of this historical artifact.

Identification of Desired Outcomes for School Nursing Practice

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Selekman ◽  
Patricia Guilday
Keyword(s):  
School Health ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
School Nursing ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
National Meeting

The Scope and Standards of Professional School Nursing Practice states that school nurses should evaluate the quality and effectiveness of their practice. School nurses have not yet identified and adopted outcomes by which this effectiveness can be measured. This study used focus groups during a national meeting of school nurse leaders to identify the desired outcomes that could be used to measure the efficacy of school nursing practice. Ten desired outcome themes were identified with numerous specific indicators as possible ways to measure the desired outcome in each theme. The student-, school-, and nurse-focused outcome themes were as follows: (a) increased student seat time, (b) receipt of first aid and acute care measures, (c) receipt of competent health-related interventions or skills, (d) meeting of the comprehensive needs of children with chronic conditions, (e) enhanced school health via wellness promotion and disease prevention measures, (f) referrals, (g) safe environment, (h) enhanced school health via community outreach, (i) cost-effective school nurse services, and (j) student, parent, and staff satisfaction. The school nurse participants were supportive of having potential outcomes identified and unanimously endorsed the findings at the conclusion of the study. They have provided a comprehensive framework from which evaluation tools can be developed to measure the efficacy of school nursing.

Building brand awareness with a bowl of cherries

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Guenzi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Changes Over Time

Purpose – This paper aims to approach the issue of premium offers in Italy by discussing the case study of Fabbri, a firm operating since 1905 in the business of liqueurs, syrups and semi-manufactured products for ice cream. Design/methodology/approach – The research takes into analysis three marketing schemes, all related to direct premium promotions, adopted by Fabbri at various times during the twentieth century. The evolution of the company’s marketing strategy is outlined drawing on several types of sources: archive documents, posters and labels and audiovisual material. It is analysed in the socio-economic and legal context of twentieth century Italy, and in comparison with premium offers in the USA and Europe. Findings – The study argues that direct premium may represent a long-lasting and efficient marketing strategy when a firm is able to adapt it to a context that changes over time. Fabbri not only used premium offers to launch its products but also to consolidate its brand image. Research limitations/implications – By showing that innovative promotions are not necessarily connected to large firms, Fabbri’s case suggests that further research should be carried out to outline marketing policies carried out by small to medium enterprises. Originality/value – Much has been written on premium offers in the USA and in Europe, but very little on such types of promotions in Italy, especially with reference to direct premiums. This study fills this gap and documents that a small family-owned firm was able to carry out innovative marketing policies as far as in the 1920s.

scholarly journals Through the Looking Glass: Reflections from Three School Nurses Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Grano ◽  
Eileen Gavin ◽  
Robin Cogan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
School Nursing ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
School Communities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Vaccine Confidence

School nurses play a critical role as public health nurses and are guiding school communities through a global pandemic unlike anything seen in the past 100 years. Due to the coronavirus pandemic and worldwide shutdown, remote education became a necessity. In this article, three New Jersey school nurses share reflections about the COVID-19 pandemic. We illustrate the roles included in the National Association of School Nurses Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice, to describe school nurse contributions to address the COVID-19 community spread via contact tracing and care coordination. We describe school nurse advocacy through promotion of legislative inclusion in the state of New Jersey and efforts to mirror vaccine confidence. Our conclusion offers action steps to increase the presence of school nurses in key areas and build a more robust public health infrastructure.

Do information technology (IT) capabilities affect hotel competitiveness?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460
Author(s):  
Nan Hua
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Study Results ◽  
It Capabilities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Direct Measures

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach This study adapts and extends Hua et al. (2015) and O’Neill et al. (2008) by incorporating the specific measures of IT expenditures as proxies for the relevant IT capabilities to explore the impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness. Findings This study finds that expenditures on IT Labor, IT Systems and IT Websites exert different impacts on hotel competitiveness. In addition, IT capabilities exert both contemporary and lagged effects on hotel competitiveness. Originality/value This study is the first that uses financial data to capture direct measures of individual IT capabilities and tests the individual impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness from both contemporaneous and lagged perspectives. It uses a large same store sample of hotels in the USA from 2011 to 2017; as a result, the study results can be reasonably representative of the hotel population in the USA.

scholarly journals Variations in American marketing practices of early 19th-century ceramic importers and dealers, reflecting culture and identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-375
Author(s):  
Neil Ewins
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose This paper explores the advertising strategy of crockery importers and dealers in relationship to their origins and backgrounds. This is a departure from earlier ceramic-history literature which tended to focus on the Staffordshire producers, with limited awareness on how the identity of importers and dealers influenced what products were sold, and their individual approaches to marketing. Design/methodology/approach Within a context of historical marketing research, this paper analyses newspaper advertising and commentary. It combines an examination of marketing practices with a wider consideration of the cultural identities of ceramic importers and dealers. The digitalization of historical records, combined with sophisticated search engines, makes it more feasible to examine a broader range of sources. Thus, modern research methods can enhance our understanding of production and demand and reveal how marketing strategy was diverse. Findings Awareness on how advertising was influenced by the backgrounds and socio-political views of importers and dealers demonstrates ways in which Anglo-American ceramic trade could be far more market-led. More significantly, marketing approaches were not necessarily responding to American demand, but rather that importers could engage in commissioning goods which reflected their own views on politics, religion or slavery. Originality/value Examining the advertising of importers demonstrates the complex relationship between production and ceramic demand. This paper opens up debates as to how far the advertising of other merchandise in the USA shows evidence of taking a more individual approach by the 19th century.

They did not start the fire: reviewing and resolving the issue of physician stress and burnout

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Christine Babyar
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Physician Burnout ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Accountability ◽  
Physician Stress

Purpose Physician stress and burnout is a serious and common concern in healthcare, with over half of physicians in the USA meeting at least one criterion for burnout. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A review on current state of physician stress and burnout research, from 2008 to 2016, was undertaken. A subsequent perspective paper was shaped around these reviews. Findings Findings reveal research strength in prevalence and incidence with opportunities for stronger intervention studies. While descriptive studies on causes and consequences of physician burnout are available, studies on interventions and prevention of physician burnout are lacking. Future research on physician stress and burnout should incorporate intervention studies and take care to avoid limitations found in current research. Accountability and prevention of physician burnout is the responsibility of the healthcare industry as a whole, and organizational strategies must be emphasized in future research. Originality/value The value of this research comes in the original comprehensive review, international inclusion and succinct summary of physician burnout research and strategies.

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