Inequalities in common mental disorders between advantaged and disadvantaged groups: an Oaxaca – Blinder decomposition analysis on socio-economic factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Yousef Veisani ◽  
Shahab Rezaeian ◽  
Fathola Mohamadian ◽  
Ali Delpisheh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the socio-economic factors of inequalities in common mental disorders (MDs) between advantaged and disadvantaged groups and also to determine the main contributors of inequality. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016–2017. The authors included 763 persons by stratified cluster sampling; clusters were cities, geographical area and households. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique was used to estimate of main inequalities determinant between advantaged and disadvantaged groups. Findings Overall prevalence of MDs was 22.6 and 35.6% in the advantage and disadvantaged groups, respectively. The concentration index was −0.013 [95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): −0.022, −0.004]; therefore, MDs were more concentrated in the deprived group. The risk of MDs in deprived group and females was 81 and 60% higher than advantaged group (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.57) and males (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.24), respectively. Educational status [−0.06 (95% CI: −0.10, −0.01)] was the highest level of contribution in inequality in gaps between groups. Originality/value The socio-demographic inequality in MDs among adult population was more explained by lower educational level, married persons and unemployment variables.

Menstrual knowledge and perceptions of schoolgirls in Bangladesh: do socio-economic factors really matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulsan Ara Parvin ◽  
Nina Takashino ◽  
Md. Shahidul Islam ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md. Anwarul Abedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Professional Occupation ◽  
Menstrual Knowledge ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose This study aims to explore whether socio-economic factors determine the level of menstrual knowledge and perceptions of schoolgirls in Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to understand how knowledge and perceptions vary with variations in the different socio-economic factors in a schoolgirl’s life such as place of residence, religion, age, grade, parents’ education, parents’ occupation, family income and even family size. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from four schools (two in urban areas and two in rural areas). A total of 450 schoolgirls from grades V–X were interviewed to examine how knowledge and perceptions varied with different socio-economic aspects. Multiple logistic regression models were used to measure the associations between various socio-economic variables and perceptions of and knowledge about menstruation. Findings Respondents from urban areas were 4.75 times more likely and those 14–16 years old were two times more likely to report higher levels of knowledge about menstruation compared to their counterparts. Based on the father’s occupation, respondents whose father was engaged in a professional occupation were 1.983 times more likely to have a higher level of knowledge on menstruation compared to those whose fathers were in an unskilled profession. Similarly, the odds of positive perceptions on menstruation were 1.456 and 1.987 times higher, respectively, among respondents living in urban areas and those 14–16 years old, compared to their counterparts. Originality/value This study provides evidence that different socio-economic and even demographic factors are important in the development of menstrual knowledge and perceptions. Policy formulation and development actions related to adolescent girls’ physical and reproductive health development need to consider these factors in Bangladesh and in other developing countries, where poor knowledge and perception related to menstruation are hindering girls’ mental and physical development. This is expected that better knowledge and perception will facilitate girls’ right to have better health and social lives.

scholarly journals Mental health survey of the adult population in Iran

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Noorbala ◽  
S. A. Bagheri Yazdi ◽  
M. T. Yasamy ◽  
K. Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
International Studies

BackgroundNo national data on the prevalence of mental disorders are available in Iran. Such information may be a prerequisite for efficient national mental health intervention.AimsTo determine the mental health status of a population sample aged 15 years and over.MethodThrough random cluster sampling, 35 014 individuals were selected and evaluated using the 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire. A complementary semi-structured clinical interview was also undertaken to detect learning disability (‘mental retardation’), epilepsy and psychosis.ResultsAbout a fifth of the people in the study (25.9% of the women and 14.9% of the men) were detected as likely cases. The prevalence of mental disorders was 21.33% in rural areas and 20.9% in urban areas. Depression and anxiety symptoms were more prevalent than somatisation and social dysfunction. The interview of families by general practitioners revealed that the rates of learning disability epilepsy and psychosis were 1.4%, 1.2% and 0.6%, respectively Prevalence increased with age and was higher in the married, widowed, divorced, unemployed and retired people.ConclusionsPrevalence rates are comparable with international studies. There is a wide regional difference in the country, and women are at greater risk.

Australia's Mental Health: An Overview of the General Population Survey

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Henderson ◽  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Wayne Hall
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Australian Bureau Of Statistics

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the 1-month and 1-year prevalence of mental disorders in the Australian adult population; to determine the amount of disablement associated with this; and to determine the use of health and other services by persons with common mental disorders. Method: For the Adult Survey, a household sample of 10 600 persons aged 18 years and over were interviewed across Australia by experienced field staff of the Australian Bureau of Statistics. This was 78%% of the target sample. The interview consisted of the composite international diagnostic interview in its automated presentation (CIDI-A) and other components to determine disablement, use of services and satisfaction with services received. The diagnostic classifications used in the analyses were both ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Only the results from ICD-10 are reported here. Results: A total of 17.7%% of the sample had one or more common mental disorders, anxiety, depression, alcohol or substance abuse and neurasthenia. This morbidity was associated with considerable disablement in daily life: 3 days of impaired social role performance in the previous 4 weeks, compared with 1 day for the general population. Of all cases, 64.6%% had had no contact with health services in the previous year; 29.4%% had seen GPs and 7.5%% had seen psychiatrists. Conclusion: Australia now has its own national estimates of psychiatric morbidity. The morbidity is associated with considerable disablement, but most of it is untreated. General practitioners encounter by far the largest proportion of those reaching services.

scholarly journals Poor physical activity as a risk factor for mental health disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment

Abstract Rates of common mental disorders appear to be increasing among both adolescent and adult population affecting life quality and expectancy. Availability of the treatments il limited to a large portion of the global population thus new approaches toward the prevention and treatment of mental illnesses need to emerge in order to reduce the global and growing burden of these conditions. A great body of evidence has linked both the onset and symptoms of various mental disorders to lifestyle factors such as physical activity and diet. Given their modifiable nature, there has been an increasing interest in the implementation of physical activity in the prevention and adjunctive treatment among people with mental illnesses. Robust evidence indicates that physical activity may in fact, by influencing a range of biological and psychosocial processes, contribute to healthy aging, improve sleep and preserve cognition across the lifespan as well as affect associated with mental disorders serious physical health comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, metabolic risk factors such as adiposity and premature mortality. The plausible effects of physical activity toward mental health may be at least partially explained by its potential in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Finally, higher levels of physical activity have been consistently associated with a reduced risk of both affective and cognitive disorders.

Women’s empowerment and family poverty in the Tawhidi epistemological approach

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aas Nurasyiah ◽  
Miyasto Miyasto ◽  
Tatik Mariyanti ◽  
Irfan Syauqi Beik
Keyword(s):  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the socio-economic factors that will affect women’s empowerment from an Islamic perspective (the Tawhidi epistemological approach) and the impact of women’s empowerment on reducing family poverty. Design/methodology/approach Using a quantitative approach to see the relationship between research variables with structural equation model-partial least squares as the analysis tool. Findings In general, socio-economic variables had direct and indirect effects on reducing family poverty. In addition, the variable of women’s empowerment in an Islamic perspective can strengthen the influence of socio-economic variables on the alleviation of family poverty. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this research lies in the use of religiosity as an indicator with some constraints and the inclusion of all the necessary dimensions of a Muslim family. Additionally, because of the scope of the present research, the results may not be applicable in different areas, especially countries with distinctive characteristics such as having Muslims as the major population. On the other hand, the results of this research may provide comprehensive indicators of empowered Muslim women which enable the correlation between the socio-economic factors and women’s empowerment and how women’s empowerment can contribute to the alleviation of family poverty from the perspective of Islam. Originality/value This research provides new insights into the variable of women’s empowerment measured using the Islamic paradigm (Tawhidi epistemology) and includes religiosity as a variable that directly and indirectly influences the reduction of family poverty.

Impacts of socio economic factors on perceptions of being safe while using Kuwaiti roads

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Hana AlSaeid ◽  
Talal Almutairi ◽  
Hamad Matar ◽  
Faraj F. Al-Ajmi ◽  
Fawaz A. Alrashidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Work Commitment ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate road users attitudes and preferences towards accidents and safety measures in Kuwait. The paper also quantifies impacts of user’s attitudes on the perception of being safe while using roads in Kuwait. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, a review of relevant literature, has been carried out, then a questionnaire has been piloted and implemented to collect data. The main survey was carried out in 2013. A total of 700 distributed questionnaires resulted in the return of 427 completed questionnaires. Findings – Results show that socio economic, attitudes and work commitment factors, all contribute to the behaviour and attitudes of road users in Kuwait. Research limitations/implications – Data are limited due to time constraints. Originality/value – There is very little knowledge of modelling and analysing factors which affect drivers’ behaviour towards safety in Kuwait.

Beyond retirement: who stays at work after the standard age of retirement?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Anxo ◽  
Thomas Ericson ◽  
Anna Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose Drawing on a unique combination of longitudinal administrative data and a postal survey, the purpose of this paper is to identify the socio-economic factors and individual characteristics that affect senior citizens’ decision to continue working on the Swedish labour market after the standard retirement age. Design/methodology/approach By using standard econometric techniques (multinomial logit model) on a large representative sample of 20,000 senior citizens residing in Sweden, the auhtors analyse the extent to which socio-economic factors and individual characteristics including personality traits affect the decision of senior citizens to delay retirement and to continue working after the standard retirement age. Findings The results of our estimations show clearly that good health, high educational attainment/high-skilled jobs, good psychosocial work environment, employment status (to be self-employed), personality traits (extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness) as well as industrial sectors (agriculture, healthcare and transport) are strong predictors of the continuation of work after the standard retirement age (65 years old). Research limitations/implications High job quality and good working conditions, along with continuous improvements in public health, are seemingly essential elements for motivating senior workers to delay retirement as are preventive policy measures favouring the development of decent and sustainable working conditions across the life course. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the paper is the first attempt in Sweden to analyse jointly a large range of factors influencing the decision to remain in the labour force after the standard/normal pension age, including psychosocial working conditions and personality traits.

The impact of microfinance services on the efficiency of family farms in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alim Belek ◽  
Abega Ngono Jean Marie
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

PurposeDoes MFIs agricultural credit influence the determinants of the efficiency of SFF which are socio-economic factors of the farmers but also agricultural endowments of family farms? This paper aims to study the contribution of MFI services on improving the technical efficiency of SFFs in Cameroon.Design/methodology/approachThe stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) model permits the estimation of the technical efficiency indicators for beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries of agricultural credits on a sample of 130 cocoa farming households and four MFIs of the same area between 2008 and 2011. The censored tobit model is used to assess the determinants of technical efficiency.FindingsThe results show that the SFF beneficiaries of agricultural credit have an average technical efficiency of 0.68 inferior to that of nonbeneficiaries (0.72) as expected. They are, respectively, at 0.32 and 0.28 of their full productive capacities. The results of the censored Tobit model show that socioeconomic characteristics of the producer such as age and gender explain negatively, while experience explains positively the technical efficiency of SFFs.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough without any selectivity bias, this study indicates the essential character of the socioeconomic factors in the amplification of the role of the MFIs credit on the efficiency of SFFs.Practical implicationsStrategies to improve the efficiency of SFFs require an increase in MFI credits, primarily targeting young, experienced and female farmers.Originality/valueThis study examines the efficiency of SFFs by highlighting the interaction between the socio-economic factors of farmers and the credit of MFIs. It also points to the problem of monitoring the implementation of agricultural financing.

scholarly journals Income-related inequalities in mental health in Sweden and the role of social determinants

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fritzell ◽  
H Källberg ◽  
H Busch ◽  
P Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background Mental health is an increasing concern in all European countries as the burden of mental disorders continue to grow and cause substantial suffering and costs to societies. Furthermore, research shows there are social inequalities in the distribution of mental illness. This study aims to increase knowledge on income-related inequalities in mental health in Sweden and the role of social determinants. Methods Drawing on a national survey (Health on Equal Terms) representative of the population aged 16-84, years 2010-2015 (n = 57107) we quantify the income-related inequality in mental health and estimate the contribution of social determinants of the inequality. Poor mental health is defined as a value of at least 3, based on the general health questionnaire (GHQ)-12. Income is measured as yearly disposable income. Income related inequalities in mental health are quantified by the concentration index and decomposed using the Wagstaff-type decomposition analysis. Results Preliminary results show that the income inequalities in mental health, as measured by the overall concentration index in mental health was - 0,16 (95% CI -0.17 to -0.15), indicating income inequalities to the disadvantage of those less affluent. The determinants that contributed most to the inequalities were employment, financial strain and experiencing harassment. Together they explained 43 % of the income inequalities in mental health. Generally, socio-economic factors had highest importance for the inequalities found, while demographic factors and psychosocial factors were of smaller importance. Conclusions The income related inequalities in mental health are substantial in Sweden. Recently, a national target of reducing the preventable inequalities in health within a generation was adopted. To improve surveillance of inequalities and inform policy we need to closely follow the development of inequalities in mental health and to disentangle the contribution of specific social determinants. Key messages Income-related inequalities in mental health in Sweden are considerable. Socio-economic factors had highest importance for the inequalities found, while demographic factors and psychosocial factors were of smaller importance.

Factors influencing savings among land reform beneficiaries in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Antwi ◽  
Clarietta Chagwiza
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North West ◽  
Land Redistribution ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of socio-economic factors of land redistribution for agricultural development project beneficiaries on savings in the North West Province, South Africa. Design/methodology/approach A binary logistic regression model was employed to determine the effects of socio-economic factors of project beneficiaries on their savings. Findings The results show that the average number of trainings attended by the beneficiaries, the proportion of youth per project and the average net farm income of the project positively and significantly influence the level of savings by the beneficiaries. About 62 percent of the beneficiaries did not have savings; thus, only 38 percent of beneficiaries had savings. Of the 38 percent who had savings, the majority (77 percent) had an annual net farm income of less than R1,000. Only 2 percent of the projects had an annual net farm income of more than R10,000. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study are valuable to policymakers dealing with the issue of land reform and could shed some light on how land redistribution can achieve its intended purposes. These findings should be granted serious consideration when formulating policies aimed at improving savings within collective groups. Practical implications The findings of this study have revealed the importance of training and participation of youth in influencing savings. As well, the findings imply that an organization or household with a health income have a higher propensity of saving. Social implications The research findings point out to the importance of saving. With savings, a household is in a better position to deal with situations that arises in case of emergency. Originality/value This paper is among the few studies to analyze the determinants of savings at a group or project level. Most studies are done at household or individual level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document